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A 9-year-old, female spayed domestic short-haired cat was presented with a 4-year history of bilateral lipogranulomatous conjunctivitis (LGC), which was confirmed via histopathology. Thirteen months following the initial biopsy, the cat was presented with a rapidly progressive mass lesion of the palpebral conjunctiva of the right eye. A surgical debulking, followed 1 month later by exenteration after marked regrowth of the mass confirmed fibrosarcoma. This case report is the first to describe a cat with chronic bilateral LGC that later developed a unilateral fibrosarcoma within the eyelid tissue of the right eye. Fibrosarcoma should be considered a differential in any cat with chronic LGC that develops a rapidly progressive mass in the eyelid.
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WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: There are a few Korean studies on the economics of statins based on reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) data from other countries. This study aimed to analyse and compare the cost-effectiveness of statins according to the baseline LDL-C level in Korea. METHODS: Between January 2009 and December 2015, the data of patients who were prescribed statins for the first time were extracted from electronic medical records. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) based on the LDL-C reduction rate (CEA-RR) and target achievement rate. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Among high-intensity statins, the CEA-RR value of rosuvastatin (20 mg) was significantly lower than that of atorvastatin (40 mg) at all baseline LDL-C levels, except levels of 160-189 mg/dL. Additionally, at baseline LDL-C levels of 130-159 mg/dL, the CEA-RR value of rosuvastatin (20 mg) was three times lower than that of atorvastatin (40 mg) (9·1 ± 2·5 $/% vs. 31·7 ± 15·0 $/%, P < 0·001). Among moderate-to-low-intensity statins, rosuvastatin (5 mg) showed the lowest CEA-RR value (4·0 ± 0·6 $/%), and the value significantly increased for pitavastatin (2 mg) (8·0 ± 0·6 $/%), atorvastatin (10 mg) (9·5 ± 0·5 $/%), simvastatin (10·8 ± 1·1 $/%) and pravastatin (40 mg) (11·5 ± 0·9 $/%) in order (P < 0·0001). On changing from atorvastatin (10 mg) to atorvastatin (20 mg), the additional yearly cost was 16·0 and additional CEA-RR value was 2·74 $/%. On the other hand, on changing from atorvastatin (10 mg) to rosuvastatin (10 mg), the additional yearly cost was -16·3 and additional CEA-RR value was -1·8 $/%. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: We successfully compared the cost-effectiveness of statins according to the baseline LDL-C level in Korea. It is expected that our findings will help clinical decision-making with regard to statin prescription, and this will help reduce national medical expenditure.
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Anticolesterolemiantes/uso terapéutico , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/uso terapéutico , Hipercolesterolemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano , Anticolesterolemiantes/economía , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Registros Electrónicos de Salud , Femenino , Humanos , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/economía , Hipercolesterolemia/economía , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , República de Corea , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the ability of statin monotherapy (ST group), omega-3 fatty acid monotherapy (OM_A group) and combination therapy with omega-3 fatty acids and a statin (OM_S group), to reduce triglyceride (TG) levels in patients with hypertriglyceridaemia. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, we extracted data from the electronic medical records of patients initially prescribed either a statin or omega-3 fatty acids between January, 2009 and December, 2013. We performed a comparative analysis of the change in cholesterol levels between baseline and an average of 3 months later. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Data were extracted for 2071 patients. The average daily eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ethyl ester and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ethyl ester intake was 1689 mg, and 79-86% of the OM_A and OM_S groups were prescribed two omega-3 fatty acid capsules. At a baseline TG level of between 200 and 500 mg/dL, TG levels were reduced by 16 ± 2·8% in the ST group, 28 ± 2·8% in the OM_A group and 29 ± 2·3% in the OM_S group (P = 0·001 for ST group vs. OM_A and OM_S groups), with no difference between the OM_A and OM_S groups. At a baseline TG level ≥500 mg/dL, there was no difference in TG level reduction between the three groups (54 ± 7·3%, 55·8 ± 3·5% and 51·8 ± 6·8%, respectively, P = 0·851). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: Although omega-3 fatty acids are not considered the primary medication for hypertriglyceridaemia, the prescription of omega-3 fatty acids is justifiable if reduction in TG levels is judged to be necessary.
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Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/uso terapéutico , Hipertrigliceridemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Manejo de la Enfermedad , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/administración & dosificación , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/análogos & derivados , Femenino , Humanos , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/uso terapéutico , Hipertrigliceridemia/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , República de Corea , Estudios Retrospectivos , Triglicéridos/sangreRESUMEN
AIM: To investigate the molecular mechanisms of nitric oxide (NO)-induced cytotoxic effect in human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells. METHODOLOGY: After sodium nitroprusside (SNP), as NO donor, was treated to HGF, viability was measured by MTT assay and apoptosis was determined by TUNEL and DNA fragmentation assay. Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected using confocal microscopy, and caspase activity assay was measured by spectrophotometer. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) activation, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cytochrome c release were analysed by Western blot analyses. Cells were exposed to MAPK inhibitors (U0126, SB203580 and SP600125) before SNP treatment to investigate the effects of MAPK kinases on the NO-induced apoptosis in HGF. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance with the Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc test for multiple group comparison. RESULTS: Apoptosis was significantly increased (P = 0.011 and 0.0004, respectively) in the presence of SNP (1 and 3 mmol L(-1) ) after 12 h in HGF. However, 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiatolo [4, 3-a] cluinoxaline-1-one (ODQ), a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, did not block the decrement of cell viability by NO. SNP treatment induced the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c, increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and activation of caspases in HGF. Also, SNP treatment increased phosphorylation of MAPKinases and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor (5 and 10 µmol L(-1) ) rescued cell viability decreased by SNP in HGF (P = 0.024 and 0.0149, respectively). CONCLUSION: Nitric oxide induced apoptosis in human gingival fibroblast through the mitochondria-mediated pathway by regulation of Bcl-2 family and JNK activation.
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Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Encía/citología , Proteínas Quinasas JNK Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/farmacología , Nitroprusiato/farmacología , Antracenos/farmacología , Western Blotting , Butadienos/farmacología , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Citocromos c/metabolismo , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Humanos , Imidazoles/farmacología , Potenciales de la Membrana/efectos de los fármacos , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Nitrilos/farmacología , Piridinas/farmacología , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Proteína X Asociada a bcl-2/metabolismoRESUMEN
Receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2) is a caspase recruitment domain (CARD)-containing serine/threonine kinase that is activated by NOD1 or NOD2 recognition of their ligands and essential for the activation of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). RIP2 has been known to play an important role in innate immune responses against certain bacterial infection. However, the role and interplay of RIP2 with TLR signalling on cytokine production in macrophages against Yersinia enterocolitica infection remains poorly understood. In the present study, we examined whether RIP2 is essential for Yersinia-induced production of cytokines in macrophages. Our results showed that naïve RIP2-deficient macrophages produced similar level of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 upon Y. enterocolitica infection compared with wild-type macrophages. However, the production of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 by Y. enterocolitica was impaired in RIP2-deficient macrophages after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) pretreatment, a TLR4-tolerant condition. In addition, RIP2 inhibitors, SB203580, PP2, and gefitinib, reduced IL-6 production in TLR4-deficient macrophages in response to Y. enterocolitica, whereas they did not affect the cytokines production in WT cells. These results demonstrate that RIP2 may play an important role in proinflammatory cytokine production in macrophages at the absence of TLR signalling.
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Interleucina-6/biosíntesis , Macrófagos/inmunología , Proteína Serina-Treonina Quinasas de Interacción con Receptores/metabolismo , Receptor Toll-Like 4/deficiencia , Yersiniosis/inmunología , Animales , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Gefitinib , Imidazoles/farmacología , Interleucina-10/biosíntesis , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Proteína Adaptadora de Señalización NOD1/metabolismo , Proteína Adaptadora de Señalización NOD2/metabolismo , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Piridinas/farmacología , Pirimidinas/farmacología , Quinazolinas/farmacología , Proteína Serina-Treonina Quinasa 2 de Interacción con Receptor , Proteína Serina-Treonina Quinasas de Interacción con Receptores/antagonistas & inhibidores , Transducción de Señal/inmunología , Receptor Toll-Like 4/genética , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/biosíntesis , Yersinia enterocoliticaRESUMEN
Environmental lung diseases are caused by exposure to adverse environmental conditions, such as atmospheric pressure changes or the ingestion or inhalation of toxic agents. The development of environmental lung diseases depends on the intensity and duration of exposure, the physiological and biological susceptibility of the host, and the toxic effects of the adverse environmental conditions encountered. A combination of clinical features, related exposure history, imaging findings, and a review of previous reports that support an association between exposure and the disease process is required for diagnosis.
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Contaminantes Atmosféricos/toxicidad , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Pulmonares/etiología , Presión Atmosférica , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades , HumanosRESUMEN
AIM: To compare chest digital tomosynthesis (DTS) with digital radiography for the detection of asbestos-related pleuropulmonary disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional review board approved this study and all participants gave informed consent. Forty-five participants with a history of asbestos exposure were examined with DTS and radiography. Low-dose multidetector computed tomography (CT) in the prone position served as the reference. Two observers evaluated all images for the presence of pleural abnormalities and asbestosis. Interobserver agreement was analysed by using the k statistic. Diagnostic performance of the two imaging methods was compared using McNemar's test. RESULTS: Interobserver agreement regarding DTS findings was moderate to very good (k = 0.544-0.846) and superior to the radiographic findings (k = 0.236-1.000). Overall, the diagnostic accuracy of DTS for the lesion detection was significantly better than with radiography (all p < 0.05, except that for the comparison of diagnostic accuracy of DTS versus radiographic detection of left diaphragmatic plaques and asbestosis). DTS was more sensitive than radiography for the detection of asbestosis (82% versus 27%, p = 0.031). CONCLUSION: DTS is more accurate than radiography in the detection of pleural plaques and more sensitive than radiography in the detection of asbestosis. Interobserver agreements with respect to the DTS findings were superior to the radiographic findings.
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Asbestosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Intensificación de Imagen Radiográfica/métodos , Radiografía Torácica/métodos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Variaciones Dependientes del Observador , Interpretación de Imagen Radiográfica Asistida por Computador/métodos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Tomografía Computarizada Espiral/métodosRESUMEN
Uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) involved in the glucuronide formation of efavirenz (EFV) and its three hydroxy metabolites, 8-hydroxyefavirenz (8-OH EFV), 7-hydroxyefavirenz (7-OH EFV), and 8,14-dihydroxyefavirenz (8,14-diOH EFV), were assessed. Among 12 recombinant UGT isoforms tested, only UGT2B7 showed catalytic activity in the formation of EFV-N-glucuronide (EFV-G) as previously reported. On the other hand, almost all UGT isoforms were involved in the glucuronidation of the three hydroxy metabolites, although their relative contribution is unclear. The catalytic activities in the formation of EFV-G by 17 different human liver microsomes exhibit a more than 40-fold inter-individual variability, whereas those of glucuronidation of the three hydroxy metabolites showed almost identical activity. The formation of EFV-G showed a significant correlation (r = 0.920; p < 0.0001) with UGT2B7-catalysed azidothymidine glucuronidation in 17 different human liver microsomes. Furthermore, fluconazole, a known UGT2B7 inhibitor, potently inhibited the formation of EFV-G up to 80%. This suggests that EFV might be a specific UGT2B7 substrate in vitro. This is the first study identifying specific UGT isozymes that glucuronidate EFV and its three hydroxy metabolites. Continued identification and characterisation of these pathways may help reduce adverse effects such as CNS toxicity in EFV therapy.
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Benzoxazinas/metabolismo , Glucuronosiltransferasa/metabolismo , Inhibidores de la Transcriptasa Inversa/metabolismo , Alquinos , Ciclopropanos , Ácido Glucurónico/metabolismo , Humanos , Microsomas Hepáticos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Background of the present study was to assess the usefulness of double phase positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) to differentiate malignant from benign pulmonary lesions with low fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18 FDG) uptake. Of 218 consecutive patients who underwent double phase F-18 FDG PET/CT to evaluate pulmonary lesions found on CT, we retrospectively analyzed 30 who had focal pulmonary lesions with an SUV of <2.5. All patients underwent PET/CT of the thorax at two time points: scan 1 at 60 min and scan 2 at 120 min after the intravenous injection of 2.5 MBq F-18 FDG. The F-18 FDG PET/CT images were analyzed visually and quantitatively. Of 30 evaluated nodules, 13 (43%) proved to be malignant and 17 (57%) benign. The SUVmax1 (maximal SUV of early image), SUVmax2 (maximal SUV of delayed image), %DeltaSUVmax (percent change of maximal SUV), CR1 (contrast ratio of early image), and CR2 (contrast ratio of delayed image) of malignant pulmonary lesion were significantly higher than those of benign. However, %DeltaCR (percent change of contrast ratio) revealed no statistical differences. Among the quantitative indices, SUVmax1, SUVmax2, and CR2 were superior to the visual analysis for differentiation of malignant from benign pulmonary lesions. The SUVmax1, SUVmax2, and %DeltaSUVmax were superior to %DeltaCR for differentiation of malignant from benign pulmonary lesions. Based on the presented results, the quantitative indices except %DeltaCR were higher in malignant nodules than benign pulmonary nodules. However, the diagnostic performances were similar between visual and quantitative analyses. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and improve statistical accuracy. Key words: F-18 FDG, PET/CT, double phase, SUV.
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Fluorodesoxiglucosa F18 , Enfermedades Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Radiofármacos , Nódulo Pulmonar Solitario/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Área Bajo la Curva , Femenino , Humanos , Enfermedades Pulmonares/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Curva ROC , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Nódulo Pulmonar Solitario/patología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
Recently, highly flexible and soft pressure distribution imaging sensor is in great demand for tactile sensing, gait analysis, ubiquitous life-care based on activity recognition, and therapeutics. In this study, we integrate the piezo-capacitive and piezo-electric nanowebs with the conductive fabric sheets for detecting static and dynamic pressure distributions on a large sensing area. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and electric source imaging are applied for reconstructing pressure distribution images from measured current-voltage data on the boundary of the hybrid fabric sensor. We evaluated the piezo-capacitive nanoweb sensor, piezo-electric nanoweb sensor, and hybrid fabric sensor. The results show the feasibility of static and dynamic pressure distribution imaging from the boundary measurements of the fabric sensors.
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Presión , Impedancia Eléctrica , Electricidad , TomografíaAsunto(s)
Betacoronavirus , Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles/normas , Infecciones por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Coronavirus/prevención & control , Pandemias/prevención & control , Neumonía Viral/diagnóstico , Neumonía Viral/prevención & control , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Prevención Primaria/normas , COVID-19 , Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología , Humanos , Neumonía Viral/epidemiología , República de Corea/epidemiología , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
Despite ionizing radiation (IR) is being widely used as a standard treatment for lung cancer, many evidences suggest that IR paradoxically promotes cancer malignancy. However, its molecular mechanisms underlying radiation-induced cancer progression remain obscure. Here, we report that exposure to fractionated radiation (2 Gy per day for 3 days) induces the secretion of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) that has been commonly used in cancer therapies to ameliorate neutropenia. Intriguingly, radiation-induced G-CSF promoted the migratory and invasive properties by triggering the epithelial-mesenchymal cell transition (EMT) in non-small-cell lung cancer cells (NSCLCs). By irradiation, G-CSF was upregulated transcriptionally by ß-catenin/TCF4 complex that binds to the promoter region of G-CSF as a transcription factor. Importantly, irradiation increased the stability of ß-catenin through the activation of PI3K/AKT (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT), thereby upregulating the expression of G-CSF. Radiation-induced G-CSF is recognized by G-CSFR and transduced its intracellular signaling JAK/STAT3 (Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription), thereby triggering EMT program in NSCLCs. Taken together, our findings suggest that the application of G-CSF in cancer therapies to ameliorate neutropenia should be reconsidered owing to its effect on cancer progression, and G-CSF could be a novel therapeutic target to mitigate the harmful effect of radiotherapy for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/radioterapia , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos/fisiología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/radioterapia , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Fraccionamiento de la Dosis de Radiación , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal/efectos de la radiación , Humanos , Janus Quinasa 1/fisiología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Invasividad Neoplásica , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/fisiología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/fisiología , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/fisiología , beta Catenina/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Arylsulfate sulfotransferase (ASST) transfers a sulfate group from a phenolic sulfate ester to a phenolic acceptor substrate. In the present study, the gene encoding ASST was cloned from a genomic library copy of Citrobacter freundii, subcloned into the vector pGEM3Zf(-) and sequenced. Sequencing revealed two contiguous open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2) on the same strand and based on amino acid sequence homology, they were designated as astA and dsbA, respectively. The amino acid sequence of astA deduced from C. freundii was highly similar to that of the Salmonella typhimurium, Enterobacter amnigenus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas putida, and Campylobacter jejuni, encoded by the astA genes. However, the ASST activity assay revealed different acceptor specificities. Using p-nitrophenyl sulfate (PNS) as a donor substrate, alpha-naphthol was found to be the best acceptor substrate, followed by phenol, resorcinol, p-acetaminophen, tyramine and tyrosine.
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Arilsulfotransferasa/genética , Citrobacter freundii/enzimología , Citrobacter freundii/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Arilsulfotransferasa/metabolismo , Secuencia de Bases , Clonación Molecular , ADN Bacteriano/genética , ADN Bacteriano/aislamiento & purificación , Genes Bacterianos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Plásmidos/genética , Especificidad por SustratoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: We examined the association between abnormal fundus autofluorescence (FAF) features on images obtained by a modified fundus camera (mFC) and geographic atrophy (GA) progression in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS: Serial FAF images of 131 eyes from 131 patients with GA were included in the study. All FAF images were obtained with an mFC (excitation, â¼ 500-610 nm; emission, â¼ 675-715 nm). The GA area was quantified at baseline and 1 year later using a customized segmentation program. The yearly GA enlargement rate was then calculated. Abnormal FAF patterns in the junctional zone of GA were classified as None or Minimal change, Focal, Patchy, Banded, or Diffuse according to previously published classification based on confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO). The relationship between GA enlargement and abnormal FAF was evaluated. RESULTS: The mean rate of GA enlargement was the fastest in eyes with Diffuse pattern (1.74 mm(2) per year), followed by eyes with the Banded pattern (1.69 mm(2) per year). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that eyes with the Banded and Diffuse pattern had significantly higher risk for GA enlargement compared with eyes with the other patterns. CONCLUSIONS: FAF image obtained by mFC appears to be acceptable for evaluating GA in accordance with an established cSLO-based classification. Eyes with the Banded or the Diffuse patterns of abnormal FAF at baseline indicate a high risk for GA progression. Identifying patients at high risk for GA progression using an mFC is broadly available method that can provide additional information to help predict disease course.
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Angiografía con Fluoresceína , Atrofia Geográfica/diagnóstico , Degeneración Macular/diagnóstico , Fotograbar/instrumentación , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Fondo de Ojo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oftalmoscopía , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
L-ascorbate (L-ascorbic acid, vitamin C) clearly has an inhibitory effect on cancer cells. However, the mechanism underlying differential sensitivity of cancer cells from same tissue to L-ascorbate is yet to be clarified. Here, we demonstrate that L-ascorbate has a selective killing effect, which is influenced by sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 2 (SVCT-2) in human breast cancer cells. Treatment of human breast cancer cells with L-ascorbate differentially induced cell death, dependent on the SVCT-2 protein level. Moreover, knockdown of endogenous SVCT-2 via RNA interference in breast cancer cells expressing high levels of the protein induced resistance to L-ascorbate treatment, whereas transfection with SVCT-2 expression plasmids led to enhanced L-ascorbate chemosensitivity. Surprisingly, tumor regression by L-ascorbate administration in mice bearing tumor cell xenograft also corresponded to the SVCT-2 protein level. Interestingly, SVCT-2 expression was absent or weak in normal tissues, but strongly detected in tumor samples obtained from breast cancer patients. In addition, enhanced chemosensitivity to L-ascorbate occurred as a result of caspase-independent autophagy, which was mediated by beclin-1 and LC3 II. In addition, treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, suppressed the induction of beclin-1 and LC3 II, implying that the differential SVCT-2 protein-dependent L-ascorbate uptake was attributable to intracellular ROS induced by L-ascorbate, subsequently leading to autophagy. These results suggest that functional SVCT-2 sensitizes breast cancer cells to autophagic damage by increasing the L-ascorbate concentration and intracellular ROS production and furthermore, SVCT-2 in breast cancer may act as an indicator for commencing L-ascorbate treatment.
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Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Transportadores de Sodio Acoplados a la Vitamina C/fisiología , Acetilcisteína/farmacología , Animales , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacocinética , Autofagia/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Femenino , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Transportadores de Sodio Acoplados a la Vitamina C/análisisRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the organisms most commonly isolated from pyogenic liver abscesses in Asian populations. We compared CT findings in liver abscesses caused by K. pneumoniae with those caused by other bacterial pathogens. METHODS: Of 214 patients with liver abscesses examined over a 5 year period, 129 patients with positive blood or aspirate cultures were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups: the K. pneumoniae monomicrobial liver abscess (KLA) group (n = 59) and the non-K. pneumoniae monomicrobial or polymicrobial liver abscess (non-KLA) group (n = 70). Two radiologists blinded to the culture results evaluated the CT images, recording the number, size, location and configuration of abscesses, the thickness of the abscess wall, the pattern of rim enhancement, septal enhancement, the double target sign, internal necrotic debris, internal gas bubbles and underlying biliary disease. The presence of diabetes and metastatic infection was also compared between groups. Statistical analyses were performed using univariate (Student's t-test and χ(2) test) and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis showed that a thin wall, necrotic debris, metastatic infection and the absence of underlying biliary disease were the most significant predictors of KLA. When three of the four criteria were used in combination, a specificity of 98.6% was achieved for the diagnosis of KLA. CONCLUSION: A thin-walled abscess, internal necrotic debris, the presence of metastatic infection and the absence of underlying biliary disease may be useful CT findings in the early diagnosis of K. pneumoniae liver abscesses.
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Infecciones por Klebsiella/diagnóstico por imagen , Klebsiella pneumoniae/aislamiento & purificación , Absceso Piógeno Hepático/diagnóstico por imagen , Absceso Piógeno Hepático/microbiología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Diagnóstico Precoz , Femenino , Humanos , Infecciones por Klebsiella/microbiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Estudios Retrospectivos , Especificidad de la Especie , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodosRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to determine the differences in CT findings of miliary tuberculosis in patients with and without HIV infection. Two radiologists reviewed retrospectively the CT findings of 15 HIV-seropositive and 14 HIV-seronegative patients with miliary tuberculosis. The decisions on the findings were reached by consensus. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi2 test, Mann-Whitney U-test and Fisher's exact test. All of the HIV-seropositive and -seronegative patients had small nodules and micronodules distributed randomly throughout both lungs. HIV-seropositive patients had a higher prevalence of interlobular septal thickening (p = 0.017), necrotic lymph nodes (p = 0.005) and extrathoracic involvement (p = 0.040). The seropositive patients had a lower prevalence of large nodules (p = 0.031). In conclusion, recognition of the differences in the radiological findings between HIV-seropositive and -seronegative patients may help in the establishment of an earlier diagnosis of immune status in patients with miliary tuberculosis.
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Infecciones por VIH/diagnóstico por imagen , Tuberculosis Miliar/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Seronegatividad para VIH , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Tuberculosis Miliar/complicaciones , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
As we have recently found a novel oncogene, the cancer-upregulated gene 2 (CUG2), which was elevated in a variety of tumor tissues such as the ovary, liver, lung and pancreas, we examined whether reovirus could efficiently induce cytolysis in cancer cells expressing CUG2 and thus be used as a potential cancer therapeutic agent. In this study, we describe experiments in which we use reovirus to treat NIH3T3 cells stably expressing either CUG2 (NIH-CUG2) or vector only (NIH-Vec). NIH-CUG2 cells readily support reoviral proliferation and undergo apoptosis, whereas NIH-Vec cells are highly resistant to reoviral infection and virus-induced apoptosis. This notable result may be explained by the observation that CUG2 expression inhibits PKR activation, leading to reoviral proliferation in nonpermissive NIH3T3 cells. Furthermore, reovirus infection results in almost complete regression of tumorgenic NIH-CUG2 cells in transplanted nude mice. As we found that CUG2 enhances activation of MAPK (ERK, JNK and p38), Src kinase and Ras, we examined whether CUG2 confers reoviral replication independent of the Ras or p38 MAPK signaling pathway. From these experiments we found that either inhibition of p38 MAPK or Ras blocks reoviral proliferation even in the presence of CUG2 but inhibition of ERK, JNK and Src kinase does not, indicating that activation of p38 MAPK and Ras has critical roles in reoviral replication in CUG2-expressing tumor cells. Accordingly, we propose that reovirus can be useful in the treatment of transformed cells expressing CUG2, which is commonly detected in various tumor tissues.
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Apoptosis/fisiología , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Reoviridae/fisiología , Transducción de Señal/fisiología , Proteínas Quinasas p38 Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Proteínas ras/metabolismo , Animales , Apoptosis/genética , Western Blotting , Línea Celular , Proteínas Cromosómicas no Histona , Inmunohistoquímica , Etiquetado Corte-Fin in Situ , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Células 3T3 NIH , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula en Proliferación/metabolismo , Reoviridae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Proteínas Quinasas p38 Activadas por Mitógenos/genética , Proteínas ras/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The diagnosis of traumatic spinal dural tears is difficult to establish. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliable MR imaging findings suggesting dural tears in spinal burst fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed spine MR images of 21 patients with dural tears (study group) and 33 patients without dural tears (control group), all of whom had spinal burst fractures. The following MR imaging features were compared between the 2 groups: the interpedicular distance, the angle of the retropulsed segments, the ratio of the central canal diameter, the presence or absence of laminar fractures, the degree of laminar fractures, and the extent of epidural hemorrhage. RESULTS: The mean values of the grade of the laminar fracture, the interpedicular distance, the ratio of the central canal diameter, the angle of the retropulsed segment, and the extent of epidural hemorrhage in the study and control groups were as follows: 1.77 and 0.86 (P = .034), 28.7 and 26 mm (P = .02), 0.37 and 0.58 (P = .008), 112 degrees and 128 degrees (P = .05), and 2.37 and 1.4 (P = .11), respectively. The ratio of the central canal diameter was the most reliable factor suggesting dural tears compared with other factors. CONCLUSIONS: Dural tears are likely when there are MR imaging findings of laminar fracture of more than grade 1, the interpedicular distance is >28 mm, the central canal ratio is <0.46, and the acute angle of the retropulsed segment is <135 degrees .
Asunto(s)
Duramadre/lesiones , Duramadre/patología , Vértebras Lumbares/lesiones , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral/diagnóstico , Vértebras Torácicas/lesiones , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Vértebras Lumbares/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Radiografía , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Vértebras Torácicas/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study is to improve radiologists' understanding of the clinical issues involved in making a diagnosis and to guide further diagnostic workup and treatment of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs). CONCLUSION: Information on the morphologic and hemodynamic characteristics ofSPNs provided by dynamic helical CT, with high specificity and reasonably high accuracy, can be used for initial assessment. PET/CT is more sensitive at detecting malignancy than dynamic helical CT, and all malignant nodules may be potentially diagnosed as malignant by both techniques. Therefore, PET/CT may be selectively performed to characterize SPNs that show in-determinate results at dynamic helical CT.