Epidemiologic analysis of respiratory viral infections among Singapore military servicemen in 2016.

BACKGROUND: Respiratory illnesses have been identified as a significant factor leading to lost training time and morbidity among Singapore military recruits. A surveillance programme has been put in place to determine etiological agents responsible for febrile, as well as afebrile respiratory illnesses in a military camp. The goal of the study is to better understand the epidemiology of these diseases and identify potential countermeasures to protect military recruits against them. METHODS: From Jan 2016 - Jan 2017, a total of 2647 respiratory cases were enrolled into the surveillance programme. The cases were further stratified into Febrile Respiratory Illness (FRI, with body temperature > 37.5 °C) or Acute Respiratory Illness (ARI, with body temperature < 37.5 °C). Nasal washes were collected and tested by multiplex PCR to detect 26 different pathogens. RESULTS: One thousand ninety five cases (41% of total cases) met the criteria of FRI in which 932 cases (85% of FRI cases) were screened positive for at least one virus. The most common etiological agents for FRI mono-infection cases were Adenovirus E and Rhinovirus. Recruits infected with H3N2 influenza, Influenza B and Adenovirus E viruses were most likely presented as FRI cases. Notably, H3N2 influenza resulted in the greatest rise in body temperature. The remaining 1552 cases (59% of total cases) met the criteria of ARI in which 1198 cases (77% of ARI cases) were screened positive for at least one virus. The most common etiological agent for ARI mono-infection was Rhinovirus. The distribution pattern for dual infections was different for ARI and FRI cases. Maximum number of pathogens detected in a sample was five for both groups. CONCLUSION: Previous studies on respiratory diseases in military focused largely on FRI cases. With the expanded surveillance to ARI cases, this study allows unbiased evaluation of the impact of respiratory disease pathogens among recruits in a military environment. The results show that several pathogens have a much bigger role in causing respiratory diseases in this cohort.

[Purple urine-bag syndrome: A case report]. / Le syndrome de la poche à urines violette : à propos d'un cas.

Purple urine-bag syndrome is a rare condition that occurs in patients with indwelling urinary catheters carried over a long period and frequently associated with a urinary tract infection. It is characterized by the appearance of a violet coloration of the probe and/or the urine collection bag. We report the first case in West Africa that occurred in a 47-year-old woman in uremic encephalopathy and carrier of a urinary catheter, which presented a violet color of the tubing and urine-bag associated with a urinary tract infection. The outcome was favorable under antibiotic therapy. Many patients benefit from the installation of urinary catheters for various reasons and the occurrence of this syndrome should lead the medical team to systematically seek an underlying urinary tract infection to avoid if possible paraclinical assessments generally costly to our patients without medical coverage in our developing countries.

Characteristics and outcome of living kidney donors after donation: A report from Cote d'Ivoire.

Kidney transplantation from living kidney donors (LKDs) because of its good results represents a good option for the treatment of patients with the end-stage renal disease. Kidney donation is a relatively safe procedure according to several studies. We conducted this cross-sectional study in order to describe the demographic, clinical, and renal outcome of LKD in Côte d'Ivoire. From March to November 2014, LKD residing in Côte d'Ivoire at the time of investigation and having donated the kidney more than one year ago were considered for the study. They were evaluated through a questionnaire. Of the 29 LKD listed in Côte d'Ivoire, only 14 responded to the questionnaire. The mean age at donation was 43.29 ± 9.12 years (27-59) and 10 of the LKD were women. Eight were related to the recipients, and the remaining were spouses. Laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed in nine LKD. The left kidney was harvested in ten cases. The main motivation for donation in all donors was the desire to save a life. At the time of the survey, the average duration after the donation was 4.57 ± 2.56 years (1-8). Only five donors had a regular nephrological follow-up. Hypertension was observed in one donor, seven had significant proteinuria, and six had glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min but >30 mL/min. Significantly higher proteinuria was noted in donors under 45 years as compared to those over 45 years (0.43 ± 0.17 g/24 h vs. 0.22 ± 0.03 g/24 h, P = 0.01). Our study suggests that renal disease in LKD in Côte d'Ivoire is low after a mean follow-up period of four years. A donor registry is essential to ensure better follow-up of donors in order to detect potential adverse effects of kidney donation in the medium as well as in the long-term.

[Uncontrolled hypertension in chronic kidney disease in patients from black Africa admitted in a renal unit: a retrospective analysis]. / Épidémiologie de l'hypertension artérielle non contrôlée au cours des maladies rénales chroniques chez des patients admis dans une unité de néphrologie d'Afrique noire : une étude rétrospective de 479 patients.

The incidence of uncontrolled hypertension (HTN+) in CKD in nephrology could reflect the quality of the management of the patients in a primary care setting. The aim of the present study was to identify factors associated with HTN+ in CKD in order to elaborate a prevention strategy for the health professionals. A retrospective analysis of 479 incidents patients has been performed from 2012/1st to 2012/12th. Sixty-two percent had CKD HTN+. Eighty percent were at stages 4 and 5. Mean value of SBP was 166.5±32 mmHg and 96±27.3 mmHg for DBP. Mean age was 48.2±14.6 years. Mean GFR was 17.4±17.1 mL/min and no difference found between groups (17.4±17.6 mL/min in CKD HTN+ versus 17.5±16.3 mL/min in CKD HTN-, P < 0.9). Alcohol consumption was more in CKD HTN+ as compared to CKD HTN-, but not different between groups (37.2% in CKD HTN+ versus 27.6% in CKD HTN-; P < 0.09). Patients who were taking antihypertensive drugs were significantly more in the CKD HTN- than CKD HTN+ (22% in CKD HT+ versus 41.1% in CKD HTN-; P < 0.0001). Factors associated with HTN+ in CKD were antihypertensive therapy (OR = 0.39; CI 0.20-0.75; P < 0.005); alcohol (OR = 2.19; CI 1.09-4.37; P < 0.02). BP was similar in HN and non-HN patients (173.0±26.9 mmHg versus 174.7±33.7 mmHg; P = 0.75). But kidney function was a little better in HN (16.9±17.7 mL/min and 20.95±18.5 mL/min; P < 0.1). Factors associated positively with HN/HTN+ were: history of HTN and age. Factors associated negatively with HN/HTN+ were: history of diabetes and CKD stage.