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Organo-mineral interactions have been regarded as the primary mechanism for the stabilization of soil organic carbon (SOC) over decadal to millennial timescales, and the capacity for soil carbon (C) storage has commonly been assessed based on soil mineralogical attributes, particularly mineral surface availability. However, it remains contentious whether soil C sequestration is exclusively governed by mineral vacancies, making it challenging to accurately predict SOC dynamics. Here, through a 400-day incubation experiment using 13 C-labeled organic materials in two contrasting soils (i.e., Mollisol and Ultisol), we show that despite the unsaturation of mineral surfaces in both soils, the newly incorporated C predominantly adheres to "dirty" mineral surfaces coated with native organic matter (OM), demonstrating the crucial role of organo-organic interactions in exogenous C sequestration. Such interactions lead to multilayered C accumulation that is not constrained by mineral vacancies, a process distinct from direct organo-mineral contacts. The coverage of native OM by new C, representing the degree of organo-organic interactions, is noticeably larger in Ultisol (~14.2%) than in Mollisol (~5.8%), amounting to the net retention of exogenous C in Ultisol by 0.2-1.3 g kg-1 and in Mollisol by 0.1-1.0 g kg-1 . Additionally, organo-organic interactions are primarily mediated by polysaccharide-rich microbial necromass. Further evidence indicates that iron oxides can selectively preserve polysaccharide compounds, thereby promoting the organo-organic interactions. Overall, our findings provide direct empirical evidence for an overlooked but critically important pathway of C accumulation, challenging the prevailing "C saturation" concept that emphasizes the overriding role of mineral vacancies. It is estimated that, through organo-organic interactions, global Mollisols and Ultisols might sequester ~0.1-1.0 and ~0.3-1.7 Pg C per year, respectively, corresponding to the neutralization of ca. 0.5%-3.0% of soil C emissions or 5%-30% of fossil fuel combustion globally.
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Carbono , Suelo , Minerales , PolisacáridosRESUMEN
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of cancer that lacks receptor expression and has complex molecular mechanisms. Recent evidence shows that the ubiquitin-protease system is closely related to TNBC. In this study, we obtain a key ubiquitination regulatory substrate-ABI2 protein by bioinformatics methods, which is also closely related to the survival and prognosis of TNBC. Further, through a series of experiments, we demonstrated that ABI2 expressed at a low level in TNBC tumors, and it has the ability to control cell cycle and inhibit TNBC cell migration, invasion and proliferation. Molecular mechanism studies proved E3 ligase CBLC could increase the ubiquitination degradation of ABI2 protein. Meanwhile, RNA-seq and IP experiments indicated that ABI2, acting as a crucial factor of tumor suppression, can significantly inhibit PI3K/Akt signaling pathway via the interaction with Rho GTPase RAC1. Finally, based on TNBC drug target ABI2, we screened and found that FDA-approved drug Colistimethate sodium(CS) has significant potential in suppressing the proliferation of TNBC cells and inducing cell apoptosis, making it a promising candidate for impeding the progression of TNBC.
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Shp2 is a nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase that is overexpressed in cervical cancer. However, the role of Shp2 in the regulation of cervical cancer metabolism and tumorigenesis is unclear. EGFR signaling pathways are commonly dysregulated in cervical cancer. We showed that Shp2 knockout in cervical cancer cells decreased EGFR expression and downregulated downstream RAS-ERK activation. Although AKT was activated in Shp2 knockout cells, inhibition of AKT activation could not make cells more sensitive to death. Shp2 depletion inhibited cervical cancer cell proliferation and reduced tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. 1 H NMR spectroscopic analysis showed that glutamine, glutamate, succinate, creatine, glutathione, and UDP-GlcNAc were significantly changed in Shp2 knockout cells. The intracellular glutamine level was higher in Shp2 knockout cells than in control cells. Further analysis demonstrated that Shp2 knockout promoted glutaminolysis and glutathione production by up-regulating the glutamine metabolism-related genes such as glutaminase (GLS). However, inhibition of GLS did not always make cells sensitive to death, which was dependent on glucose concentration. The level of oxidative phosphorylation was significantly increased, accompanied by an increased generation of reactive oxygen species in Shp2 knockout cells. Shp2 deficiency increased c-Myc and c-Jun expression, which may be related to the upregulation of glutamine metabolism. These findings suggested that Shp2 regulates cervical cancer proliferation, glutamine metabolism, and tumorigenicity.
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Glutamina , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino , Femenino , Humanos , Animales , Ratones , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Receptores ErbB/genética , Tirosina/metabolismo , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolasas , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatasa no Receptora Tipo 11/genética , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatasa no Receptora Tipo 11/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether diffusion and perfusion MRI derived parameters could non-invasively predict PD-L1 and Ki-67 status in primary central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PCNS-DLBCL). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed DWI, DSC-PWI, and morphological MRI (mMRI) in 88 patients with PCNS-DLBCL. The mMRI features were compared using chi-square tests or Fisher exact test. Minimum ADC (ADCmin), mean ADC(ADCmean), relative minimum ADC (rADCmin), relative mean ADC (rADCmean), and relative maximum CBV (rCBVmax) values were compared in PCNS-DLBCL with different molecular status by using the Mann-Whitney U test. The diagnostic performances were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS: PCNS-DLBCL with high PD-L1 expression demonstrated a significantly higher ADCmin value than those with low PD-L1. The ADCmean and rADCmean values were significantly lower in PCNS-DLBCL with high Ki-67 status compared with those in low Ki-67 status. Other ADC, CBV parameters, and mMRI features did not show any association with these molecular statuses The diagnostic efficacy of ADC values in assessing PD-L1 and Ki-67 status was relatively low, with area under the curves (AUCs) values less than 0.7. CONCLUSIONS: DWI-derived ADC values can provide some relevant information about PD-L1 and Ki-67 status in PCNS-DLBCL, but may not be sufficient to predict their expression due to the rather low diagnostic performance.
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Antígeno B7-H1 , Neoplasias del Sistema Nervioso Central , Imagen de Difusión por Resonancia Magnética , Antígeno Ki-67 , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Antígeno B7-H1/metabolismo , Imagen de Difusión por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Anciano , Adulto , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/diagnóstico por imagen , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/metabolismo , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/patología , Neoplasias del Sistema Nervioso Central/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias del Sistema Nervioso Central/metabolismo , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Angiografía por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Curva ROCRESUMEN
Two new baccharane triterpenes, 17,24-epoxy-23-en-baccharan-3-one (1) and 17,24(S)-epoxy-25-en-21-hydroxy-baccharan-3-one (2) were isolated from Rhus chinensis Mill. The structures were established on the basis of UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Rhus , Triterpenos , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos , Rhus/química , Triterpenos/farmacología , Triterpenos/química , Extractos Vegetales , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Estructura MolecularRESUMEN
Sugar transporters play important roles in plant growth and development, flowering and fruiting, as well as responses to adverse abiotic and biotic environmental conditions. Lilies (Lilium spp.) are some of the most representative ornamental bulbous flowers. Sugar metabolism is critical for bulb formation in lilies; therefore, clarifying the amount and expression pattern of sugar transporters is essential for further analyzing their roles in bulb formation. In this study, based on the transcriptome data of the Lilium Oriental hybrid 'Sorbonne' and Lilium × formolongi, a total of 69 and 41 sugar transporters were identified in 'Sorbonne' and Lilium × formolongi, respectively, by performing bioinformatics analysis. Through phylogenetic analysis, monosaccharide transporters (MSTs) can be divided into seven subfamilies, sucrose transporters (SUTs) can be divided into three subgroups, and sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEETs) can be divided into four clades. According to an analysis of conserved motifs, 20, 14, and 12 conserved motifs were predicted in MSTs, SUTs, and SWEETs, respectively. A conserved domain analysis showed that MSTs and SUTs contained a single domain, whereas most of the SWEETs harbored two MtN3/saliva domains, also known as a PQ-loop repeat. The LohINT1, which was predicted to have a smaller number of transmembrane structural domains, was cloned and analyzed for subcellular localization. It was found that the LohINT1 protein is mainly localized in the cell membrane. In addition, the expression analysis indicated that 22 LohMSTs, 1 LohSUTs, and 5 LohSWEETs were upregulated in 'Sorbonne' 1 day after scale detachment treatment, suggesting that they may regulate the initiation of the bulblet. A total of 10 LflMSTs, 1 LflSUTs, and 6 LflSWEETs were upregulated 4~6 months after sowing, which corresponds to the juvenile-to-adult transition phase of Lilium × formolongi, suggesting that they may also play a role in the accompanying bulb swelling process. Combined with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis, LohSTP8 and LohSTP12 were significantly overexpressed during the extremely early stage of bulblet initiation, and LflERD6.3 was significantly overexpressed during the growth of the underground bulblet, suggesting that they may be key sugar transporters in the formation of lily bulbs, which needs further functional verification.
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Lilium , Lilium/metabolismo , Filogenia , Metabolismo de los Hidratos de Carbono , Transcriptoma , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana/genética , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana/metabolismo , Azúcares/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare and evaluate the stress distribution of maxillary first premolar residual crowns restored with post-core crowns, endocrowns and inlay crowns after deep margin elevation, to explore the fitting restoration for residual crowns using finite element analysis. METHODS: A healthy complete right maxillary first premolar from a male adult was scanned by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The finite element model of the tooth was established by reverse engineering software such as Mimics, Geomagic and Hypermesh. On this basis, the residual crown model after deep margin elevation was made, and the experimental group models were divided into three groups, those restored with post core crowns, endocrowns and inlay crowns. Vertical and oblique static loads were applied to the experimental models to simulate the force on the tooth during mastication (the loading position was located in the central fossa of the occipital surface, and the load was 100 N) using Abaqus software. RESULTS: The peak value and distribution of von Mises stress in each part of the experimental model were observed. After deep margin elevation, the peak dentin von Mises stresses were lower than the tensile strength of normal dentin in the post-core crown, endocrown, and inlay crown groups; the lowest stress results were found in the post-core crown group for the dentin, restoration, enamel, and deep margin elevation (DME) layers under vertical and oblique loading. In terms of stress distribution clouds, the peak stresses in the dentin tissue were located in the apical 1/3 of the root after postcore crown restorations for both loads, while stress concentrations were evident in the cervical and root areas after endocrown and inlay crown restorations; regardless of the load and restoration method, the corresponding stress concentration areas appeared at the junction of the DME and dentin tissue at the loading site of the restorations; CONCLUSIONS: Post-core crowns, endocrowns and inlay crowns can be used to restore residual crowns after deep margin elevation, and post-core crowns can better protect the residual tooth tissue.
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Diente Premolar , Coronas , Análisis de Elementos Finitos , Técnica de Perno Muñón , Humanos , Masculino , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico/métodos , Incrustaciones , Análisis del Estrés Dental/métodos , Adulto , Maxilar , Dentina/diagnóstico por imagen , Técnicas In Vitro , Diseño de Prótesis Dental , Estrés Mecánico , Resistencia a la Tracción , Relevancia ClínicaRESUMEN
This study aims to investigate the effect of Erchen Decoction(ECD) on liver mitochondrial function in mice with a high-fat diet and its possible mechanism. A total of sixty C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a normal group, high-fat group, ECD group, mTORC1 activator(MHY) group, ECD+MHY group, and polyene phosphatidyl choline(PPC) group, with 10 rats in each group. The normal group was given a normal diet, and the other groups were fed a high-fat diet for 20 weeks. At the 17th week, the ECD group and ECD+MHY group were given ECD(8.7 g·kg~(-1)) daily, and the PPC group was given PPC(0.18 g·kg~(-1)) daily, while the remaining groups were given normal saline(0.01 mL·g~(-1)) daily for four weeks. In the 19th week, the MHY group and ECD+MHY group were injected intraperitoneally with MHY(5 mg·kg~(-1)) every other day for two weeks. During the experiment, the general conditions of the mice were observed. The contents of triglyceride(TG) and total cholesterol(TC) in serum were measured. Morphological changes in liver tissue were examined through HE and oil red O staining. The content of adenosine triphosphate(ATP) was determined using chemiluminescence, and mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed using a fluorescence probe(JC-1). Western blot was performed to detect the expression of rapamycin target protein complex 1(mTOR1), ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1(S6K), sterol regulatory element binding protein 1(SREBP1), and caveolin 1(CAV1). RESULTS:: revealed that compared with the normal group, the mice in the high-fat group exhibited significant increases in body weight and abdominal circumference(P<0.01). Additionally, there were significant increases in TG and TC levels(P<0.01). HE and oil red O staining showed that the boundaries of hepatic lobules were unclear; hepatocytes were enlarged, round, and irregularly arranged, with obvious lipid droplet deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration. The liver ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential decreased significantly(P<0.01). The expression of p-mTOR, p-S6K, and n-SREBP1 increased significantly(P<0.01), while the expression of CAV1 decreased significantly(P<0.01). Compared with the high-fat group, the body weight and TG content of mice in the ECD group and PPC group decreased significantly(P<0.05). Improvements were observed in hepatocyte morphology, lipid deposition, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Furthermore, there were significant increases in ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The expression of p-mTOR, p-S6K, and n-SREBP1 decreased significantly in the ECD group(P<0.01), while CAV1 expression increased significantly(P<0.01). However, the indices mentioned above did not show improvement in the MHY group. When the ECD+MHY group was compared with the MHY group, there were significant reductions in body weight and TG contents(P<0.05). The morphological changes of hepatocytes, lipid deposition, and inflammatory cell infiltration were recovered. Moreover, there were significant increases in liver ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential(P<0.05 or P<0.05). The expression of p-mTOR, p-S6K, and n-SREBP1 decreased significantly(P<0.01), while CAV1 expression increased significantly(P<0.01). In conclusion, ECD can improve mitochondrial function by regulating the mTORC1/SREBP1/CAV1 pathway. This mechanism may be involved in the resolution of phlegm syndrome and the regulation of lipid metabolism.
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Compuestos Azo , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico , Ratones , Ratas , Animales , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Diana Mecanicista del Complejo 1 de la Rapamicina/metabolismo , Diana Mecanicista del Complejo 1 de la Rapamicina/farmacología , Caveolina 1/metabolismo , Caveolina 1/farmacología , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Hígado , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/metabolismo , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Triglicéridos/metabolismo , Peso Corporal , Adenosina Trifosfato/farmacologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the accuracy of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and percentage signal recovery (PSR) obtained from high flip-angle dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion-weighted imaging (DSC-PWI) sequences with and without contrast agent (CA) preload for presurgical discrimination of brain glioblastoma and lymphoma. METHODS: Consecutive 336 patients (glioblastoma, 236; PCNSL, 100) were included. All the patients underwent DSC-PWI on 3.0-T magnetic resonance units before surgery. The rCBV and PSR with preloaded and non-preloaded CA were measured. The means of the continuous variables were compared using Welch's t-test. The diagnostic accuracies of the individual parameters were compared using the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS: The rCBV was higher with preloaded CA than with non-preloaded CA (glioblastoma, 10.20 vs. 8.90, p = 0.020; PCNSL, 3.88 vs. 3.27, p = 0.020). The PSR was lower with preloaded CA than with non-preloaded CA (glioblastoma, 0.59 vs. 0.90; PCNSL, 0.70 vs. 1.63; all p < 0.001). Regarding the differentiation of glioblastoma and PCNSL, the AUC of rCBV with preloaded CA was indistinguishable from that of non-preloaded CA (0.940 vs. 0.949, p = 0.703), whereas the area under the curve of PSR with preloaded CA was lower than non-preloaded CA (0.529 vs. 0.884, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: With preloaded CA, diagnostic performance in differentiating glioblastoma and PCNSL did not improve for rCBV and it was decreased for PSR. Therefore, high flip-angle non-preload DSC-PWI sequences offer excellent accuracy and may be of choice sequence for presurgical discrimination of brain lymphoma and glioblastoma. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: High flip-angle DSC-PWI using non-preloaded CA may be an excellent diagnostic method for distinguishing glioblastoma from PCNSL. KEY POINTS: ⢠Differentiating primary central nervous system lymphoma and glioblastoma accurately is critical for their management. ⢠DSC-PWI sequences optimised for the most accurate CBV calculations may not be the optimal sequences for presurgical brain tumour diagnosis as they could be masquerading leakage phenomena that may provide interesting information in terms of differential diagnosis. ⢠High flip-angle non-preloaded DSC-PWI sequences render the best accuracy in the presurgical differentiation of brain lymphoma and glioblastoma.
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Neoplasias Encefálicas , Glioblastoma , Linfoma no Hodgkin , Linfoma , Humanos , Glioblastoma/patología , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patología , Linfoma no Hodgkin/patología , Encéfalo/patología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Linfoma/patología , Medios de Contraste/farmacología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , PerfusiónRESUMEN
Cooperative spin crossover transitions with thermal hysteresis loops are rarely observed in cobalt(II) complexes. Herein, two new mononuclear cobalt(II) complexes with hysteretic spin crossover at relatively high temperatures (from 320 to 400 K), namely, [Co(terpy-CH2OH)2]·X2 (terpy-CH2OH = 4'-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2';6',2â³-terpyridine, X = SCN-(1) and SeCN- (2)), have been synthesized and characterized structurally and magnetically. Both compounds are mononuclear CoII complexes with two chelating terpy-CH2OH ligands. Magnetic measurements revealed the existence of the hysteretic SCO transitions for both complexes. For compound 1, a one-step transition with T1/2↑= 334.5 K was observed upon heating, while a two-step transition is observed upon cooling with T1/2↓(1) = 329.3 K and T1/2↓(2) = 324.1 K (at a temperature sweep rate of 5 K/min). As for compound 2, a hysteresis loop with a width of 5 K (T1/2↓ = 391.6 K and T1/2↑ = 396.6 K, at a sweep rate of 5 K/min) can be observed. Thanks to the absence of the crystallized lattice solvents, their single crystals are stable enough at high temperatures for the structure determination at both spin states, which reveals that the hysteretic SCO transitions in both complexes originate from the crystallographic phase transitions involving a thermally induced order-disorder transition of the dangling -CH2OH groups in the ligand. This work shows that the modification of the terpy ligand has an important effect on the magnetic properties of the resulting cobalt(II) complexes.
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PURPOSE: An accurate assessment of the World Health Organization grade is vital for patients with pediatric gliomas to direct treatment planning. We aim to evaluate the diagnostic performance of whole-tumor histogram analysis of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced perfusion-weighted imaging (DSC-PWI) for differentiating pediatric high-grade gliomas from pediatric low-grade gliomas. METHODS: Sixty-eight pediatric patients (mean age, 10.47 ± 4.37 years; 42 boys) with histologically confirmed gliomas underwent preoperative MR examination. The conventional MRI features and whole-tumor histogram features extracted from apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) maps were analyzed, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curves and the binary logistic regression analysis were performed to determine the diagnostic performance of parameters. RESULTS: For conventional MRI features, location, hemorrhage and tumor margin showed significant difference between pediatric high- and low-grade gliomas (all, P < .05). For advanced MRI parameters, ten histogram features of ADC and CBV showed significant differences between pediatric high- and low-grade gliomas (all, P < .05). The diagnostic performance of the combination of DSC-PWI and DWI (AUC = 0.976, sensitivity = 100%, NPV = 100%) is superior to conventional MRI or DWI model, respectively (AUCcMRI = 0.700, AUCDWI = 0.830; both, P < .05). CONCLUSION: The whole-tumor histogram analysis of DWI and DSC-PWI is a promising method for grading pediatric gliomas.
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Neoplasias Encefálicas , Glioma , Masculino , Humanos , Niño , Adolescente , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patología , Benchmarking , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Clasificación del Tumor , Glioma/diagnóstico por imagen , Glioma/patología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Imagen de Difusión por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , PerfusiónRESUMEN
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, and devastating lung disease with a median survival of only 3-5 years. Due to the lack of effective therapy, IPF threatens human health. Recently, increasing reports have indicated that Rho-associated coiled-coil protein kinases (ROCKs) play important roles in the development of IPF and might represent a novel target for the treatment of IPF. Herein, a new series of selective ROCK2 inhibitors based on indoline were designed and synthesized. Structural modification resulted in optimized compound 9b with an IC50 value of 6 nM against ROCK2 and the inhibition of collagen gel contraction. Cellular assays demonstrated that 9b could significantly suppress the expression of collagen I and α-SMA, and inhibited ROCK signaling pathway. Oral administration of compound 9b (10 mg/kg) exerted more significant anti-pulmonary fibrosis effects than nintedanib (100 mg/kg) and KD025 (100 mg/kg) in a bleomycin-induced IPF rat model, suggesting that 9b could serve as a potential lead compound for the treatment of IPF.
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Fibrosis Pulmonar Idiopática , Humanos , Ratas , Animales , Fibrosis Pulmonar Idiopática/inducido químicamente , Fibrosis Pulmonar Idiopática/tratamiento farmacológico , Fibrosis , Colágeno/efectos adversos , Colágeno Tipo I , Quinasas Asociadas a rhoRESUMEN
To explore the response of soil metabolite composition to soybean disease, the effect of the combined inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting bacteria on soybean root rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum was studied. A factorial completely randomized design with three factors (AMF, Bacillus. paramycoides, and rot disease stress) was conducted, and eight treatments, including normal groups and stress groups, were performed using pot experiments. GCâMS and enzymatic assays were used to evaluate the soil factors and soybean growth indicators. The results showed that there were significant differences in the composition of metabolites among the different treatment groups, and 23 metabolites were significantly related to soybean biomass. The combined inoculation of Funneliformis mosseae and Bacillus paramycoides resulted in a significant reduction in harmful soil metabolites associated with root rot disease, such as ethylbenzene and styrene. This reduction in metabolites contributed to improving soil health, as evidenced by enhanced soybean defence enzyme activities and microbial activity, and ß-1,3-glucanase, chitinase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activities were improved to alleviate plant rhizosphere stress. Furthermore, soybean plants inoculated with the synergistic treatments exhibited reduced root rot disease severity and improved growth indicators compared to control plants. Plant height, root dry weight (RDW), and shoot and root fresh weight (SRFW) were improved by 4.18-53.79%, and the AM fungal colonization rate was also improved under stress. The synergistic application of Funneliformis mosseae and Bacillus paramycoides can effectively enhance soil health by inhibiting the production of harmful soil metabolites and improving soybean tolerance to root rot disease. This approach holds promise for the sustainable management of soil-borne diseases in soybean cultivation.
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Bacillus , Micorrizas , Suelo , Glycine max/microbiología , Micorrizas/fisiología , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/microbiologíaRESUMEN
One new sesquiterpene, (6S,7R,11S)-13-carboxy-1(10)-en-dihydroartemisinic acid (1), together with three known sesquiterpenes, ainsliaea acid B (2), mongolicumin B (3), and 11ß,13-dihydroxydeacetylmatricarin (4) were isolated from Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. The structures were established on the basis of UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, ECD spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound 1 was found to have potential anti-inflammatory activity and could reduce LPS-induced NO levels in murine macrophage, with inhibitory rate of 37%.
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Asteraceae , Sesquiterpenos , Taraxacum , Animales , Ratones , Taraxacum/química , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Macrófagos , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología , Sesquiterpenos/química , Estructura MolecularRESUMEN
Sweet sorghum is an important bioenergy grass and valuable forage with a strong adaptability to saline environments. However, little is known about the mechanisms of sweet sorghum coping with ion toxicity under salt stresses. Here, we first evaluated the salt tolerance of a sweet sorghum cultivar "Lvjuren" and determined its ion accumulation traits under NaCl treatments; then, we explored key genes involved in Na+, Cl-, K+ and NO3- transport using transcriptome profiling and the qRT-PCR method. The results showed that growth and photosynthesis of sweet sorghum were unaffected by 50 and 100 mM NaCl treatments, indicative of a strong salt tolerance of this species. Under NaCl treatments, sweet sorghum could efficiently exclude Na+ from shoots and accumulate Cl- in leaf sheaths to avoid their overaccumulation in leaf blades; meanwhile, it possessed a prominent ability to sustain NO3- homeostasis in leaf blades. Transcriptome profiling identified several differentially expressed genes associated with Na+, Cl-, K+ and NO3- transport in roots, leaf sheaths and leaf blades after 200 mM NaCl treatment for 6 and 48 h. Moreover, transcriptome data and qRT-PCR results indicated that HKT1;5, CLCc and NPF7.3-1 should be key genes involved in Na+ retention in roots, Cl- accumulation in leaf sheaths and maintenance of NO3- homeostasis in leaf blades, respectively. Many TFs were also identified after NaCl treatment, which should play important regulatory roles in salt tolerance of sweet sorghum. In addition, GO analysis identified candidate genes involved in maintaining membrane stability and photosynthetic capacity under salt stresses. This work lays a preliminary foundation for clarifying the molecular basis underlying the adaptation of sweet sorghum to adverse environments.
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Sorghum , Sorghum/genética , Cloruro de Sodio/farmacología , Estrés Salino , Tolerancia a la Sal/genética , Homeostasis , Estrés Fisiológico/genéticaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT: Kang, J, Ratamess, NA, Faigenbaum, AD, Bush, JA, Finnerty, C, DiFiore, M, Garcia, A, and Beller, N. Time-of-day effects of exercise on cardiorespiratory responses and endurance performance-A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 37(10): 2080-2090, 2023-The time-of-day effect of exercise on human function remains largely equivocal. Hence, this study aimed to further analyze the existing evidence concerning diurnal variations in cardiorespiratory responses and endurance performance using a meta-analytic approach. Literature search was conducted through databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. Article selection was made based on inclusion criteria concerning subjects' characteristics, exercise protocols, times of testing, and targeted dependent variables. Results on oxygen uptake (VÌ o2 ), heart rate (HR), respiratory exchange ratio, and endurance performance in the morning (AM) and late afternoon or evening (PM) were extracted from the chosen studies. Meta-analysis was conducted with the random-effects model. Thirty-one original research studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Meta-analysis revealed higher resting VÌ o2 (Hedges' g = -0.574; p = 0.040) and resting HR (Hedges' g = -1.058; p = 0.002) in PM than in AM. During exercise, although VÌ o2 remained indifferent between AM and PM, HR was higher in PM at submaximal (Hedges' g = -0.199; p = 0.046) and maximal (Hedges' g = -0.298; p = 0.001) levels. Endurance performance as measured by time-to-exhaustion or the total work accomplished was higher in PM than in AM (Hedges' g = -0.654; p = 0.001). Diurnal variations in VÌ o2 appear less detectable during aerobic exercise. The finding that exercising HR and endurance performance were greater in PM than in AM emphasizes the need to consider the effect of circadian rhythm when evaluating athletic performance or using HR as a criterion to assess fitness or monitor training.
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Rendimiento Atlético , Ejercicio Físico , Humanos , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Ritmo Circadiano , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiologíaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT: Today's youth are weaker than previous generations, and measurable reductions in physical fitness are beginning to emerge. Without targeted initiatives that recognize the foundational importance of resistance training, weaker children and adolescents may be more likely to experience the inevitable consequences of neuromuscular dysfunction and less likely to experience the pleiotropic benefits of exercise and sport. Early exposure to strength-building activities is needed to prepare today's youth for ongoing participation in varied physical activities throughout this developmental phase of life. The novel iceberg of physical development is a metaphoric image that illustrates the sequential and cumulative influence of muscular strength on motor skills and physical abilities. Efforts to enhance the physical capacity of youth should include resistive skills that improve basic movement patterns and enhance motoric competence. A shift in our conceptual thinking about youth resistance training is needed to alter the current trajectory toward physical inactivity and related comorbidities.
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Aptitud Física , Deportes , Niño , Humanos , Adolescente , Fuerza Muscular , Ejercicio Físico , Destreza MotoraRESUMEN
Transition-metal-catalyzed enantioselective P-C cross-coupling of secondary phosphine oxides (SPOs) is an attractive method for synthesizing P-stereogenic phosphorus compounds, but the development of such a dynamic kinetic asymmetric process remains a considerable challenge. Here we report an unprecedented highly enantioselective dynamic kinetic intermolecular P-C coupling of SPOs and aryl iodides catalyzed by copper complexes ligated by a finely modified chiral 1,2-diamine ligand. The reaction tolerates a wide range of SPOs and aryl iodides, affording P-stereogenic tertiary phosphine oxides (TPOs) in high yields and with good enantioselectivity (average 89.2 % ee). The resulting enantioenriched TPOs were transformed into structurally diverse P-chiral scaffolds, which are highly valuable as ligands and catalysts in asymmetric synthesis.
Asunto(s)
Cobre , Óxidos , Yoduros , Estructura Molecular , CatálisisRESUMEN
The place of alkyl radicals in organic chemistry has changed markedly over the last several decades, evolving from challenging-to-generate "uncontrollable" species prone to side reactions to versatile reactive intermediates enabling construction of myriad C-C and C-X bonds. This maturation of free radical chemistry has been enabled by several advances, including the proliferation of efficient radical generation methods, such as hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), alkene addition, and decarboxylation. At least as important has been innovation in radical functionalization methods, including radical-polar crossover (RPC), enabling these intermediates to be engaged in productive and efficient bond-forming steps. However, direct engagement of alkyl radicals remains challenging. Among these functionalization approaches, a bio-inspired mechanistic paradigm known as radical ligand transfer (RLT) has emerged as a particularly promising and versatile means of forming new bonds catalytically to alkyl radicals. This development has been driven by several key features of RLT catalysis, including the ability to form diverse bonds (including C-X, C-N, and C-S), the use of simple earth abundant element catalysts, and the intrinsic compatibility of this approach with varied radical generation methods, including HAT, radical addition, and decarboxylation. Here, we provide an overview of the evolution of RLT catalysis from initial studies to recent advances and provide a conceptual framework we hope will inspire and enable future work using this versatile elementary step.
RESUMEN
Fluorinated motifs are frequently encountered in drugs and agrochemicals. Incorporating fluorine-containing motifs in drug candidates for lead optimization in pharmaceutical research and development has emerged as a powerful tool. The construction of molecules that feature a trifluoromethyl (CF3-) group on a stereogenic carbon has accumulated broad research efforts. Unlike its well-explored, biologically active methyl counterpart, asymmetric construction of ß-trifluoromethylated alcohols bearing adjacent stereocenters still remains elusive. Through retrosynthetic analysis, we posited that followed by sequential reduction of carbonyl, the initial construction of chiral α-trifluoromethylated ketones could render the desired product in a facile, one-pot fashion. Herein, we developed the first example of nickel-catalyzed asymmtric reductive cross-coupling trifluoroalkylation of acyl chlorides for enantioselective synthesis of diverse α-trifluoromethylated ketones. The one-pot reduction of these α-trifluoromethylated ketones furnished corresponding alcohols bearing ß-CF3-substituted stereogenic carbons with excellent diastereoselectivity and complete enantioselective retention. High yields/enantioselectivity, mild conditions, and good functional group compatibility are shown in the system. Utilities of the method are also illustrated by applying asymmetric, late-stage trifluoroalkylation of biologically active complex molecules, revealing tremendous potential for development of CF3-containing chiral drugs.