Antimicrobial surfaces using covalently bound polyallylamine.

We investigated the antimicrobial properties of the cationic polymer polyallylamine (PA) when covalently bonded to glass. The objective was to obtain a robust attachment, yet still allow extension of the polymer chain into solution to enable interaction with the bacteria. The PA film displayed strong antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis , Staphylococcus aureus , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , which includes both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Glass surfaces were prepared by a straightforward two-step procedure of first functionalizing with epoxide groups using 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane (GOPTS) and then exposing to PA so that the PA could bind via reaction of a fraction of its amine groups. The surfaces were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to verify the presence of the polymer on the surface, zeta potential measurements to estimate the surface charge of the films, and atomic force microscopy to determine the extension of the polymer chains into solution. Antimicrobial properties of these coatings were evaluated by spraying aqueous suspensions of bacteria on the functionalized glass slides, incubating them under agar, and counting the number of surviving cell colonies.

Socio-Economic Status and Clinical Breast Examination Screening Uptake: Findings from the First Cohort Study among Iranian Kurdish Women.

Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) is utilized as a screening modality in many low income countries without widespread mammography capability. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of socio-economic status (SES) on CBE screening rates in Iranian Kurdish women. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the western region of Iran. A sample of 5,289 Iranian Kurdish women aged 35-65 years old was analyzed. Data were collected from July 2014 to September 2018. The Concentration Index-CI and Concentration Curve were used to estimate the socioeconomic inequalities in CBE rate. The analysis of data was done by STATA software (Version 14). 12.3% of the women had received CBE at least once. CBE rates in the 46-50 age group were higher than in other age groups (OR = 2.06; 95% CI = 1.56-2.71). Women with 6-9 years of education had higher odds ratio of receiving CBE (OR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.02-1.94). Women living in rural areas were less likely to have received CBE compared to those living in urban areas (OR=0.54; 95% CI = 0.42-0.61). The overall concentration index for receipt of CBE was 0.188. In countries without widespread mammography programs, strategies for the promotion of CBE should focus on the lower SES population.
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Modern Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Bioethics in the Islamic Context.

During the last few decades, infertility has been discussed as a socio-cultural and medical dilemma. Infertile couples attempt to overcome this problem, including using assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). Similar to other groups, Muslims struggle with various aspects of infertility and its treatments, trying to reconcile the use of ARTs with the regulations in respect of the socio-cultural, legal, ethical, economic, and political factors of their community. Religion usually plays a significant role in the governance of medically assisted reproduction. This paper describes the Islamic intellectuals' permissive and restrictive opinions on modern ARTs and ethics in the Islamic context.

Care burden dimensions of informal caregivers having patients with bipolar disorder (challenges and alternatives) (qualitative study).

BACKGROUND: Taking care of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) makes critical challenges for their informal caregivers (ICGs) and forces them to tolerate considerable burden. This qualitative study explored the dimensions of ICGs' care burden (CB) based on their own experiences and the patients' therapists. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a qualitative study which was conducted based on conventional content analysis through semistructured and in-depth interviews. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants including 13 ICGs and 14 therapists (2 psychiatrists, 10 psychiatric nurses, and 2 clinical psychologists). Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using Graneheim's 2004 principles. RESULTS: Qualitative analyses yielded three major themes: "challenges associated with the nature of BD," "challenges related to the ICGs," and "challenges related to interventions." The categories of the first theme entailed "individual-oriented characteristics of BD" and "social-oriented characteristics of BD." The categories of the second theme consisted of "social stigma," "psychiatric problems and helplessness of ICGs," "financial costs related to providing cares," and "insufficient self-efficacy of ICGs in cares provision." The categories of the last theme included "educational interventions" and "organizational interventions." CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the burden of ICGs have individual, social, and organizational aspects. Every one of them impacts the severity of their burden remarkably. The depth of the therapists' experiences has a significant role in designing the interventions to reduce this burden. The present investigation emphasized the constitution of a comprehensive framework related to all factors affecting burden in a developing country.

Joint Disease Mapping of Breast, Uterine, and Ovarian Cancers in Cities of Isfahan Province from 2005 to 2010 Using Spatial Shared Component Model.

BACKGROUND: Breast, uterine, and ovarian cancers are the most prevalent types of cancers among women. The aim of this study was to estimate the relative risk of these cancers and recognizing spatial patterns of their shared and specific risk factors in cities of Isfahan province, one of the most populated provinces of Iran, using spatial shared component model. METHODS: In this ecological study, the population consisted of all the registered patients having breast, ovarian, and uterine cancers in the cities of Isfahan from 2005 to 2010. In order to simultaneously analyze these diseases and clarify common and specific patterns of disease, spatial Shared component model was applied. Model fitting was done using Bayesian inference in OpenBUGS software. RESULTS: The highest relative risk of breast cancer was seen in Isfahan (4.96), Shahreza (2.37), Dehaghan (5.01), Lenjan (2.33), and Najafabad (2.68), respectively. For ovarian cancer, Isfahan (4.29), Shahreza (2.51), Dehaghan (5.02), Lenjan (2.06), Najafabad (2.00), and Borkhar (2.39) had the highest relative risk, respectively. However, no significant difference was seen among the cities for uterine cancer (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Since ovarian and uterine cancers are the less prevalent disease in comparison with breast cancer, the preciseness of these estimates were improved remarkably over simple mapping models. Based on this model, the estimates were done according to the correlation between the diseases. After recognizing the spatial patterns of the shared and specific risk factors and reviewing of previous studies, regardless of risk factors data, environmental pollution arises as a potential risk factor.

Determining the relationship between emotional intelligence and interpersonal sensitivity with quality of work life in nurses.

BACKGROUND: Emotional intelligence and interpersonal sensitivity are known as important nursing skills. They have significant role in the promotion of nurses working life and the health care which they provide. The goal of this study was the determination of the relationship between emotional intelligence and interpersonal sensitivity with quality of work life in nurses working in governmental hospitals of Tehran city in 2019. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This investigation was a descriptive-analytical and correlation study which was conducted among 256 nurses working in five governmental hospitals in Tehran. The studied nurses were selected through in access sampling method. The instruments of research included demographic, emotional intelligence, interpersonal sensitivity, and work life quality questionnaires. The analysis of data was done by descriptive and deductive statistics (t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient) and also SPSS. RESULTS: The conditions of emotional intelligence, interpersonal sensitivity, and work life quality of nurses were, in turn, in average, severe, and weak levels. The correlation between emotional intelligence and work life quality of nurses was significant (P ≤ 0.05) and they were positively correlated with each other (r = 0.311). The relationship between interpersonal sensitivity and work life quality of nurses was significant (P ≤ 0.05) and they were negatively correlated with each other (r = -0.43). CONCLUSION: The development of emotional intelligence and sensitivity in reciprocally interpersonal relations of nurses lead to fundamental changes in nurses' attitude toward themselves, their colleagues, patients and their profession and can promote their work life quality. Therefore, these two skills are necessary for nurses and they should be taken into consideration by nursing schools, faculty members, instructors, and nursing managers.

The Reasons for Using Smokeless Tobacco: A Review.

BACKGROUND: Smokeless tobacco use is a public health problem in some parts of the world. The major objective of this study was to investigate the reasons and factors of consumption. METHODS: A content analysis was conducted on articles for the past thirty years (1989-2019). We reviewed and selected 400 abstracts of original articles from PubMed databases by the search strategy, and reviewed one by one. Among these, 45 abstracts were selected, in which the patterns of use, the reasons for using, and the determinants and predictors were described. Eleven papers were selected based on the results and related to the research objectives. The results of these articles were evaluated precisely word by word and phrase by phrase with content analysis method and inductive approach. RESULTS: The reasons for the use of smokeless tobacco fell in two main themes: socio-cultural structure; and, beliefs, each contained Sub-themes such as "culture and living conditions", "laws", "family and peer relationships", "beliefs related to psychological" and "beliefs related to physical influences", "beliefs", "The role of harm perceptions ". CONCLUSION: There was a difference between beliefs, cultures and social conditions among the people about using of smokeless tobacco and the association of these factors is investigated in future studies. We also suggest for the prevention and control of smokeless tobacco use, cultural norms and beliefs will need to address adequately.

The Factors Associated With Direct Medical Costs in Patients With Gastric Cancer: Quantile Regression Approach Compared With Gamma Regression.

OBJECTIVES: Evaluating the costs of illness can provide evidence to improve performance at all levels of health organizations. This study aimed to identify the relationship between the costs of diagnosing and treating patients with gastric cancer and their explanatory variables, using quantile and gamma regressions and comparing the results of the two models. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytic study carried out in 2016. In total, 449 patients with gastric cancer were selected at a hospital affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Direct costs and other variables were collected from medical documents. Data were analyzed using the STATA 12 software, using quantile and gamma regression analysis, and the results were compared. RESULTS: The highest average cost per patient was related to hospitalization costs in both metastatic (20 911 034 Iranian Rials) and nonmetastatic patients (20 738 062 Iranian Rials). The lowest average cost was related to biopsy services in nonmetastatic patients. The results of the study also showed that quantile regression is an appropriate substitute for gamma regression and, in some cases, can provide more information for the analysis of disease costs. Based on the results of the quantile regression, being a male and having a shorter stay had a positive effect on cost and the age of the patient had a significantly negative effect. CONCLUSIONS: Examining the cost of a common illness, such as gastric cancer, is an important economic tool for policy makers and decision makers. It provides evidence-based decision making about resource allocation that they can use for future planning and cost control.

Extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to Predict Patterns of Marijuana Use among Young Iranian Adults.

Background: Marijuana use is increasing among adolescents and young adults. Long-term marijuana use magnifies the risk of a wide variety of behavioral, cognitive-emotional, and neurological problems, and can be a gateway to use of other drugs. In the present study, we investigated the cognitive-emotional and behavioral predictors of marijuana use. To this end, young Iranian adults answered questions based on an extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and related it to marijuana use. We hypothesized that cognitive-emotional and behavioral factors would predict intention to use marijuana, and that this, in turn, would predict actual consumption. Methods: A total of 166 young Iranian adults (mean age: 20.51 years; 15.7% females) attending a walk-in center for drug use took part in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed questionnaires covering sociodemographic information, frequency of marijuana use per week, along with questionnaires assessing the following dimensions of the TPB: attitude towards marijuana use, subjective norms, self-efficacy to resist marijuana use, environmental constraints, problem-solving skills, and behavioral intention for marijuana use. Results: Mean marijuana use was found to be 4.6 times/week. Attitude towards marijuana use, subjective norms, environmental constraints, and behavioral intention to use marijuana were positively correlated to each other and with marijuana use/week. In contrast, higher self-efficacy and problem-solving skills were associated with lower marijuana use/week. The multiple regression analysis showed that a positive attitude to marijuana use, lower self-efficacy in resisting its use, higher behavioral intention, and poorer problem-solving skills predicted actual use. Conclusion: The pattern of results suggests that dimensions of TPB can explain marijuana use among young Iranian adults self-admitted to a walk-in center for drug use. Specifically, poor problem-solving skills, low self-efficacy in resisting marijuana use, and positive labelling of its use appeared to be the best predictors of actual use. It follows that prevention programs aimed at improving problem-solving skills and raising self-efficacy, along with educational interventions aimed at highlighting the negative effects of marijuana might decrease the risk of its use among young adults in Iran.

Nanofiltration and microfiltration for the removal of chromium, total dissolved solids, and sulfate from water.

This study was designed to evaluate the hybrid system performance of nanofiltration (NF) and microfiltration (MF) processes in removing the hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and sulfate from water. To do so, we made a hybrid pilot, including 1 µm and 5 µm filters, sand filter, activated carbon filters, and a nanofilter. We studied the effects of various parameters on the removal of Cr(VI) from polluted water and drinking water such as pH, pressure, concentrations of chromium, concentrations of sulfate, and total dissolved solids (TDS). The selected parameters were as follows: pressure: 0.1-0.4 MPa, pH: 2-10, Cr(VI) concentration: 0.1-0.4 mg/l, and sulfate concentration: 40-500 mg/l. According to the results, the efficiency of chromium removal increased with increasing the pH, while increasing the pressure from 0.1 to 0.4 MPa decreased the removal rate of chromium. In addition, increasing the concentrations of sulfate led to a decreasing trend in the removal efficiency. According to the findings of the study, the hybrid pilot made is able to reduce the chromium and sulfate to the levels under the WHO standard (Cr(VI) = 0.05 mg/l and sulfate = 500 mg/l). •The optimal conditions for removal of Cr(VI) included the initial chromium concentration of 0.1 mg/l, pressure of 0.1 Mpa, pH of 10, and the sulfate concentration of 40 mg/l.•In general, the experimental results revealed that the fabricated hybrid system including MF, NF, sand filter, and carbon filter has the ability to remove chromium and sulfate from drinking water (tap water) at a rate of 99%.•At sulfate concentration of 40 mg/l, the TDS elimination efficiency was 97.75% and increased by 99.87% as the concentration increased to 500 mg/l. The presence of sulfate ions increases the TDS in water.

A tale of two symmetrical tails: structural and functional characteristics of palindromes in proteins.

BACKGROUND: It has been previously shown that palindromic sequences are frequently observed in proteins. However, our knowledge about their evolutionary origin and their possible importance is incomplete. RESULTS: In this work, we tried to revisit this relatively neglected phenomenon. Several questions are addressed in this work. (1) It is known that there is a large chance of finding a palindrome in low complexity sequences (i.e. sequences with extreme amino acid usage bias). What is the role of sequence complexity in the evolution of palindromic sequences in proteins? (2) Do palindromes coincide with conserved protein sequences? If yes, what are the functions of these conserved segments? (3) In case of conserved palindromes, is it always the case that the whole conserved pattern is also symmetrical? (4) Do palindromic protein sequences form regular secondary structures? (5) Does sequence similarity of the two "sides" of a palindrome imply structural similarity? For the first question, we showed that the complexity of palindromic peptides is significantly lower than randomly generated palindromes. Therefore, one can say that palindromes occur frequently in low complexity protein segments, without necessarily having a defined function or forming a special structure. Nevertheless, this does not rule out the possibility of finding palindromes which play some roles in protein structure and function. In fact, we found several palindromes that overlap with conserved protein Blocks of different functions. However, in many cases we failed to find any symmetry in the conserved regions of corresponding Blocks. Furthermore, to answer the last two questions, the structural characteristics of palindromes were studied. It is shown that palindromes may have a great propensity to form alpha-helical structures. Finally, we demonstrated that the two sides of a palindrome generally do not show significant structural similarities. CONCLUSION: We suggest that the puzzling abundance of palindromic sequences in proteins is mainly due to their frequent concurrence with low-complexity protein regions, rather than a global role in the protein function. In addition, palindromic sequences show a relatively high tendency to form helices, which might play an important role in the evolution of proteins that contain palindromes. Moreover, reverse similarity in peptides does not necessarily imply significant structural similarity. This observation rules out the importance of palindromes for forming symmetrical structures. Although palindromes frequently overlap with conserved Blocks, we suggest that palindromes overlap with Blocks only by coincidence, rather than being involved with a certain structural fold or protein domain.

The performances of the chi-square test and complexity measures for signal recognition in biological sequences.

With large amounts of experimental data, modern molecular biology needs appropriate methods to deal with biological sequences. In this work, we apply a statistical method (Pearson's chi-square test) to recognize the signals appear in the whole genome of the Escherichia coli. To show the effectiveness of the method, we compare the Pearson's chi-square test with linguistic complexity on the complete genome of E. coli. The results suggest that Pearson's chi-square test is an efficient method for distinguishing genes (coding regions) form pseudogenes (noncoding regions). On the other hand, the performance of the linguistic complexity is much lower than the chi-square test method. We also use the Pearson's chi-square test method to determine which parts of the Open Reading Frame (ORF) have significant effect on discriminating genes form pseudogenes. Moreover, different complexity measures and Pearson's chi-square test applied on the genes with high value of Pearson's chi-square statistic. We also compute the measures on homologous of these genes. The results illustrate that there is a region near the start codon with high value of chi-square statistic and low complexity that is conserve between homologous genes.

Evolution of 'ligand-diffusion chreodes' on protein-surface models: a genetic-algorithm study.

Lattice models have been previously used to model ligand diffusion on protein surfaces. Using such models, it has been shown that the presence of pathways (or 'chreodes') of consecutive residues with certain properties can decrease the number of steps required for the arrival of a ligand at the active site. In this work, we show that, based on a genetic algorithm, ligand-diffusion pathways can evolve on a protein surface, when this surface is selected for shortening the travel length toward the active site. Biological implications of these results are discussed.

Colloidal Crystals Delay Formation of Early Stage Bacterial Biofilms.

The objective of this work was to examine whether close-packed spheres of polystyrene (colloidal crystals) could be used to delay the development of biofilms. We examined early stage biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa after 2 days on a flat sheet of polystyrene and on the same solid coated in polystyrene spheres of 450 or 1500 nm diameter. All materials were coated in fetal bovine serum to enable comparison of the effects of different surface curvature while maintaining constant surface chemistry. After 2 days, fluorescence imaging showed that the volume of bacterial colonies was much smaller on the 1500 nm colloidal crystals than on the flat film. In addition, electron microscopy showed that the area covered by structures containing more than one layer of bacteria was significantly reduced on both the 450 and 1500 nm colloidal crystals compared to the flat sheet. This provides proof of concept of biofilm inhibition of a pathogen by a simple nonchemical coating that may find future application in reducing the incidence of infections. Even though the density of adhered bacteria on 450 and 1500 nm was similar after 1 day, biofilm formation after 2 days was delayed more on the 1500 nm spheres than on the 450 nm spheres. We also observed that bacteria have preferred adsorption sites on the 1500 nm colloidal crystals and that cell bodies were often separated. This leads us to hypothesize that the greater spacing between favorable sites on the 1500 nm colloidal crystal hindered the early stage biofilm formation by separation of cell bodies.

Applying and comparing empirical and full Bayesian models in study of evaluating relative risk of suicide among counties of Ilam province.

INTRODUCTION: Disease mapping includes a set of statistical techniques that provides maps based on estimates of diseases rates. Bayesian ones are the most important models in this field. They consider prior information on changes in the disease rates in overall map and spatial pattern of the disease. These include a broad range of models with their own formulation, characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses. In the present study, we explain and compare three important and widely-used Bayesian models in the study of evaluating relative risk of suicide in Ilam province. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this applied-ecological research, suicide incidence in Ilam province in 2008 and 2009 was analyzed by use of Gamma-Poisson, Log-normal, and BYM Bayesian models. Models were fitted to data using WinBUGS software. RESULTS: Fitting the three models showed that Darehshahr and Shirvan-Chrdavol had the highest and the lowest relative risk of suicide, respectively (relative risks based on Gamma-Poisson, Log-normal, and BYM models were 2.243, 2.275, and 2.279 for Dareshahr and 0.321, 0.321, and 0.319 for Shirvan-Chrdavol, respectively). CONCLUSION: Despite some differences in estimates, the ranks of relative risks in counties in all three models are the same. The counties based on the relative risks of suicide from the most to the least are: Darehshahr, Ilam, Dehloran, Eyvan, Abdanan, Mehran, Malekshahi, and Shirvan-Chrdavol.

Preventing bacterial colonization using colloidal crystals.

We investigated the adhesion and colony formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 on a solid coated in close-packed spheres of polystyrene. The objective was to determine the effect of surface topography on the early stages of biofilm formation. Solids were pretreated with serum and then exposed to bacteria under low shear for one day in a center for disease control biofilm reactor. Whereas flat sheets are covered in large colonies after one day, a close-packed layer of 630-1550 nm monodisperse spheres prevents colony formation. Moreover, the film of spheres reduces the density of P. aeruginosa adhered to the solid by an average of 80%. Our data show that when P. aeruginosa adheres to the spheres, the distribution is not random. For 630 nm and larger particles, P. aeruginosa tends to position its body in a 2-fold site. We rationalize the selectivity on the basis of energy minimization for adhesion: sites differ in the deformation needed to achieve a given contact area. We rationalize the inhibition of colonization by the 630-1550 nm spheres in terms of the lack of adjacent favorable positions for bacteria. A close-packed layer of polystyrene spheres also delays colony formation on a medical-grade stainless-steel needle over a period of one day. This suggests that a colloidal crystal approach to biofilm inhibition might be applicable to a variety of materials and geometries.

Molecular detection of ESBLs production and antibiotic resistance patterns in Gram negative bacilli isolated from urinary tract infections.

BACKGROUND: ß-lactam resistance is more prevalent in Gram negative bacterial isolates worldwide, particularly in developing countries. In order to provide data relating to antibiotic therapy and resistance control, routine monitoring of corresponding antibiotic resistance genes is necessary. AIMS: The aim of this study was the characterization of ß-lactam resistance genes and its plasmid profile in bacteria isolated from urinary tract infection samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 298 Gram negative bacteria isolated from 6739 urine specimens were identified by biochemical standard tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the disk diffusion method. Extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains were also detected by the double-disk synergy test. The presence of blaTEM and blaSHV genes in the strains studied was ascertained by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Of all Gram negative bacteria, Escherichia coli (69.1%) was the most common strain, followed by Klebsiella sp. (12.1%), Enterobacter sp. (8.4%), Proteus sp. (4.4%), Citrobacter (4%) and Pseudomonas sp. (2%). The most antibiotic resistance was shown to tetracycline (95.16%), nalidixic acid (89.78%) and gentamycin (73.20%) antibiotics. Among all the strains tested, 35 isolates (11.75%) expressed ESBL activity. The prevalence of TEM and SHV positivity among these isolates was 34.29%, followed by TEM (31.43%), TEM and SHV negativity (20.0%) and SHV (14.29%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Regular monitoring of antimicrobial drug resistance seems necessary to improve our guidelines in the use of the empirical antibiotic therapy.

Review the key role of self-efficacy in diabetes care.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Diabetes is one of the chronic and prevalent diseases in the world. Diabetic patients' number has increased 7 times during last 20 years. If this current situation continues, diabetic patients' population will be 350 millions ones in 2030. It means that 7 millions people will be added annually. Up to now, different uncontrollable factors have been monitored in self-caring of this disease for managing and preventing from its early and late side effects. This research is conducted to study the role of self-efficacy as a determinant agent in self-caring of diabetic patients. STUDY METHOD: This is a narrative review study in which various information banks and search motors such as PubMed, ProQuest, SCOPUS, Elsevier were reviewed. Diabetes, self-care and self efficacy keywords from cross sectional, cohort, clinical experimental studies and systematic review were also used in the study construction. Iranian Banks such as IRANMEDEX, MEDLINE and also different articles from domestic research and scientific magazines were selected. Time spectrum of reviewed studies was supposed to be published from 1990 up to 2011. RESULTS: Self-care situation among diabetic patients not only is unsatisfactory but also the studies' results show that self-efficacy rate is low among them. The findings of the studies prove that there is a direct relation between self-efficacy and self-care in the patients in a way that this construct owns the predictability power of self-care behavior. CONCLUSION: Self-caring has a significant role in controlling of diabetes disease. Self-efficacy can induce motivation directly take health promoting behavior through efficacy expectations. It also affects motivation, indirectly, through perceived barriers and determining commitment or stability for following function map. So, self-efficacy is very important in changing self-care behavior process.

Structural role of perceived benefits and barriers to self-care in patients with diabetes.

INTRODUCTION AND GOAL: In diseases and disorders such as diabetes, treatment and disease management depends mostly on patient's performance. So, self-care is very important in these patients and they can affect their own welfare, functional capabilities, and disease processes by achieving self-care skills. Nowadays, we know that self care follows individual, psychological and social factors which its recognition can assist health care providing systems to carry out educational programs. This study aimed to investigate the role of perceived benefits and barriers in doing self-care behaviors among diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is a narrative review and articles with sectional, cohort, and interventional, clinical trial, qualitative and narrative designs were chosen using databases and academic search engines such as PubMed, SCOPUS, ProQuest, Elsevier and key words like self-care diabetes, perceived benefits and barriers. Persian articles were also selected using databases like IRANMEDEX, MEDLIB, as well as searching the articles in sites of domestic scientific magazines. RESULTS: Reviewed articles' findings show the average situation of perceived benefits and barriers in diabetic patients regarding self-care. Qualified blood sugar (glucose) control, weight control, happiness feeling and expenses reduction are the most important perceived benefits. The most significant perceived barriers in self-care consist of lack of family support, shame feeling, forgetfulness and not being able to ignore foods' flavor. CONCLUSION: Perceived benefits and barriers, as central constructs in some patterns and theories of behavior change, were related to self-care, so that it was directly related to perceived benefits and reversely related to perceived barriers. Therefore, these two constructs can be considered as strategies for promoting self-care behaviors in diabetic patients.