RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The Boyd approach is a single-incision posterior approach to the proximal radius and ulna based on a lateral anconeus muscle reflection and release of the lateral collateral ligamentous complex. This approach remains a lesser-used technique following early reports of proximal radioulnar synostosis and postoperative elbow instability. Although limited by small case series, recent literature does not support these early reported complications. This study presents a single surgeon's outcomes using the Boyd approach for the treatment of simple to complex elbow injuries. METHODS: Following institutional review board approval, a retrospective review of all patients with simple to complex elbow injuries treated consecutively using a Boyd approach by a shoulder and elbow surgeon was conducted from 2016 to 2020. All patients with at least 1 postoperative clinic visit were included. Data collected included patient demographics, injury description, postoperative complications, elbow range of motion, and radiographic findings including heterotopic ossification and proximal radioulnar synostosis. Categorical and continuous variables were reported using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: A total of 44 patients were included with an average age of 49 years (range 13-82 years). The most commonly treated injuries were Monteggia fracture-dislocations (32%) and terrible triad injuries (18%). Average follow-up was 8 months (range 1-24 months). Final average elbow active arc of motion was from 20° (range 0°-70°) of extension to 124° (range 75°-150°) of flexion. Final supination and pronation were 53° (range 0°-80°) and 66° (range 0°-90°), respectively. There were no cases of proximal radioulnar synostosis. Heterotopic ossification contributing to less than functional elbow range of motion occurred in 2 (5%) patients who elected conservative management. There was 1 (2%) case of early postoperative posterolateral instability due to repair failure of injured ligaments that required revision using a ligament augmentation procedure. Five (11%) patients experienced postoperative neuropathy, including 4 (9%) with ulnar neuropathy. Of these, 1 underwent ulnar nerve transposition, 2 were improving, and 1 had persistent symptoms at final follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest case series available demonstrating the safe utilization of the Boyd approach for the treatment of simple to complex elbow injuries. Postoperative complications including synostosis and elbow instability may not be as common as previously understood.
Asunto(s)
Traumatismos del Brazo , Fracturas de Codo , Lesiones de Codo , Articulación del Codo , Luxaciones Articulares , Inestabilidad de la Articulación , Osificación Heterotópica , Fracturas del Radio , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Articulación del Codo/diagnóstico por imagen , Articulación del Codo/cirugía , Inestabilidad de la Articulación/cirugía , Resultado del Tratamiento , Traumatismos del Brazo/complicaciones , Osificación Heterotópica/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Rango del Movimiento Articular , Fracturas del Radio/cirugíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: An understanding of patient characteristics associated with persistent chronic opioid use after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) will allow surgeons to better manage these patients. Our study aims to identify risk factors among preoperative chronic opioid users who continue to chronically use narcotics after total hip arthroplasty (THA). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 256 THA recipients using the state's mandated opioid monitoring program to identify preoperative chronic opioid users. Chronic users were stratified into two cohorts based on their use 6 months after surgery: (1) persistent chronic and (2) previous chronic users. Patient demographics and relevant histories were abstracted and comparatively assessed between the cohorts. In addition, an analysis was performed to calculate which preoperative opioid dose was most predictive of chronic use. RESULTS: Within the study population, 54 patients were identified as preoperative chronic opioid users. Of them, 13 (24.1%) were identified as persistent chronic users 6 months following surgery. Specific characteristics associated with a higher likelihood of persistent chronic opioid use included: male gender, ASA score > 2, and Medicare as a payer type. A 33 mg/day morphine-equivalent dose consumption prior to surgery was most predictive for persistent chronic opioid use. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that patients who are male, have an ASA > 2, and use Medicare are at greater risk of persistent chronic opioid use. Thus, given the poor outcomes associated with chronic opioid use, these findings may help guide surgeons' clinical decision-making process when encountering patients with a history of opioid use.
Asunto(s)
Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapéutico , Artralgia , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Cadera/efectos adversos , Trastornos Relacionados con Opioides , Dolor Postoperatorio/tratamiento farmacológico , Periodo Preoperatorio , Artralgia/tratamiento farmacológico , Artralgia/etiología , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Cadera/métodos , Toma de Decisiones Clínicas , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Anamnesis/métodos , Medicare , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastornos Relacionados con Opioides/diagnóstico , Trastornos Relacionados con Opioides/epidemiología , Trastornos Relacionados con Opioides/etiología , Trastornos Relacionados con Opioides/prevención & control , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina , Pronóstico , Medición de Riesgo/métodos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: It is well recognized that unplanned readmissions following total joint arthroplasty (TJA) are more prevalent in patients with comorbidities. However, few investigators have delayed surgery and medically optimized patients prior to surgery. In its current form, the Perioperative Orthopedic Surgical Home (POSH) is a surgeon-led screening and optimization initiative targeting 8 common modifiable comorbidities. METHODS: A total of 4188 patients who underwent TJA between January 2014 and December 2016 were retrospectively screened by the Readmission Risk Assessment tool (RRAT) score. one thousand one hundred and ninety four subjects had a preoperative RRAT score ≥3 and were eligible for inclusion. Patients were then separated into 2 cohorts based on whether they were enrolled into the POSH initiative (POSH; n = 216) or continued with surgery (non-POSH; n = 978) despite their risk. RESULTS: Since the implementation of the POSH initiative, patients with RRAT scores ranging from 3 to 5 have experienced lower 30-day (1.6% vs 5.3%, P = .03) and 90-day (3.2% vs 7.4%, P < .05) readmission rates when compared to the non-POSH cohort. Only 15.3% of medically optimized patients enrolled in the POSH initiative were discharged to a post-acute care facility, whereas 23.4% of non-POSH patients were discharged to a post-acute care facility (P = .01). There were no differences in length of stay and infection rates between the 2 cohorts. Moreover, 90-day episode-of-care costs were 14.9% greater among non-POSH Medicare TJA recipients and 32.6% higher if a readmission occurred. CONCLUSION: The identification and medical optimization of comorbidities prior to surgical intervention may enhance the value of care TJA candidates receive. A standardized multidisciplinary approach to the medical optimization of high-risk TJA candidates may improve patient engagement and perioperative outcomes, while reducing cost associated with TJA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, Retrospective Cohort Study.
Asunto(s)
Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Cadera/estadística & datos numéricos , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla/estadística & datos numéricos , Readmisión del Paciente/estadística & datos numéricos , Atención Dirigida al Paciente/estadística & datos numéricos , Mejoramiento de la Calidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Anciano , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Cadera/economía , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla/economía , Estudios de Cohortes , Comorbilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Tiempo de Internación/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Medicare , Persona de Mediana Edad , Procedimientos Ortopédicos , Alta del Paciente/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Medición de Riesgo , Atención Subaguda , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Interest in outpatient/same-day discharge (SDD) total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been increasing over the last several years. There is considerable debate in the literature regarding the complication and readmission rates of these patients. To evaluate and validate the safety and efficacy of our institutional SDD THA care pathway, we compared the outcomes of patients undergoing SDD THA with patients who had a similar comorbidity profile and underwent inpatient THA. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on 164 patients who underwent SDD THA from January 2015 to September 2016. The Risk of Readmission Tool, a validated risk stratification instrument, was applied to all inpatient THAs performed from June 2014 to December 2016. A cutoff Risk of Readmission Tool score < 3 was used to produce a cohort of 1858 inpatient THA patients, all of whom had a similar risk profile to patients who underwent SDD THA. Medicare patients were excluded from the inpatient THA cohort, which left a final inpatient sample of 1315 patients. Each cohort was evaluated for demographic variables, length of stay, 30-/90-day readmissions, and discharge disposition. RESULTS: The SDD THA cohort had significantly lower body mass index (26.9 vs 28.2 kg/m2; P = .002), had fewer minorities (89.6% vs 66.3% Caucasians; P < .001), was exclusively commercial insurance (100% vs 36.3%), had a shorter length of stay (0.37 vs 2.3 days, P < .001), and was exclusively discharged home (100% vs 92.6%). There was no statistically significant difference in 30-day readmission rates between either cohort (SDD 0.6% vs inpatient 1.6%; P = .325). However, the SDD cohort had a significantly lower rate of 90-day readmissions than the inpatient cohort (0.6% vs 3.6%; P = .014). CONCLUSION: The use of an institutional SDD THA care pathway can produce results with equivalent or better short-term outcomes than that of traditional inpatient THA.
Asunto(s)
Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ambulatorios/estadística & datos numéricos , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Cadera/estadística & datos numéricos , Readmisión del Paciente/estadística & datos numéricos , Anciano , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Ambulatorios/efectos adversos , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Cadera/efectos adversos , Estudios de Cohortes , Comorbilidad , Bases de Datos Factuales , Femenino , Hospitales de Alto Volumen/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Pacientes Internos , Tiempo de Internación , Masculino , Medicare , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ciudad de Nueva York/epidemiología , Pacientes Ambulatorios , Alta del Paciente , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Tiempo , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The advent of highly cross-linked polyethylene (HCLPE) has significantly improved total hip arthroplasty survivorship. HCLPE has been shown to improve wear properties in midterm outcomes when compared to traditional polyethylene liners; however, there is a paucity of studies evaluating long-term outcomes. In addition, there is concern that wear rates may accelerate as the implant ages. Thus, the aims of this study are to report on the longest-to-date follow-up of a specific first-generation HCLPE liner and to determine whether there is a change in the annual wear rate over time. METHODS: Forty hips in 38 patients which were previously reported on in a midterm study were included in this long-term follow-up study. Patients in this cohort all received total hip arthroplasty between March 1999 and August 2004 using the Crossfire HCLPE liner. Annual wear rates (mm/y) were calculated for this cohort. Patients were contacted and asked about complications or revision procedures they may have had since the index procedure. RESULTS: Clinical follow-up averaged 12.9 years with a range of 7-18 years. The average follow-up duration was 12.5 years with a range of 10-17 years. Linear wear was found to be 0.056 ± 0.036 mm/y. Osteolysis was not observed in any of the patients with greater than 10-year radiographic follow-up. Furthermore, only 1 patient required revision surgery following a mechanical fall. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates the long-term wear rates associated with HCLPE liners continue to match rates published in midterm studies. Previously, we have reported that this cohort had an average annual wear rate of 0.05 mm/y over 10 years. This most recent report demonstrates a similar wear rate with up to 18-year follow-up.
Asunto(s)
Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Cadera/instrumentación , Prótesis de Cadera/estadística & datos numéricos , Osteólisis/etiología , Polietileno , Accidentes por Caídas , Anciano , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Prótesis de Cadera/efectos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Falla de Prótesis , Reoperación , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Chronic opioid users pose a unique challenge for orthopedic surgeons, as they often report suboptimal outcomes following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We aim at identifying risk factors associated with patients who were preoperative chronic opioid users and continued to use 6 months following TKA. METHODS: All preoperative chronic opioid users among 338 consecutive TKA cases performed at our institution between February and June 2016 were identified and divided into 2 cohorts: patients who (1) persistently used opioids and (2) discontinued use by the 6-month time point following surgery. Baseline characteristics were compared between cohorts in order to determine risk factors for persistent opioid use following TKA. RESULTS: Of the 338 patients, 53 (15.7%) were identified as preoperative chronic opioid users. Of these, 23 (43.4%) continued chronic opioid use 6 months following surgery, whereas 14 (4.9%) previously nonchronic users were identified as new chronic users at 6 months. Characteristics that were predictive of persistent opioid use included male gender, prior injury or surgery to the ipsilateral knee, current tobacco smoking status, and a history of psychiatric disorder. Opioid dose consumption of ≥12 mg/d morphine-equivalents over the 3 months leading up to surgery had an increased risk of persistent chronic opioid use by a factor of 6. CONCLUSION: TKA candidates who have complicated medical, social, and surgical histories are at an increased risk of chronic opioid abuse postoperatively. By better understanding the risk factors associated with persistent chronic opioid use, targeted opioid reduction programs may be appropriately implemented to manage this high-risk population.
Asunto(s)
Analgésicos Opioides/administración & dosificación , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla/efectos adversos , Trastornos Relacionados con Opioides/epidemiología , Dolor Postoperatorio/tratamiento farmacológico , Periodo Preoperatorio , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Articulación de la Rodilla , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Morfina/uso terapéutico , Alcaloides Opiáceos , Dolor Postoperatorio/etiología , Periodo Posoperatorio , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of neurocognitive dysfunction (NCD) and its effects on postoperative outcomes have not been well characterized following total joint arthroplasty (TJA) population. This study aims at better understand this relationship. METHODS: Patients were evaluated for neurocognitive function using the grooved pegboard test for the dominant (PEG-D) and nondominant hand (PEG-N), and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). The patient scores for each test was compared to age-controlled normative values in order to identify NCD. Baseline characteristics and postoperative outcomes were then compared amongst the two cohorts. RESULTS: Ninety-nine consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled. Nearly 54% were identified as neurocognitively deficient on at least 1 of the 3 tests (31% by RAVLT, 21% by PEG-D, and 30% by PEG-N). There was a statistically significant prevalence of NCD in patients older than 60 years when compared to normative controls for RAVLT (P < .001). Patients with depression or an American Society of Anesthesiologist score of 3 were 5 times as likely to have NCD, while patients with a body mass index between 20-30 kg/m2 were 5 times less likely to have NCD. Furthermore, patients identified as NCD preoperatively were significantly more likely to be transferred to the intensive care unit (48% vs 14%) and fail physical therapy (64% vs 17%), respectively. CONCLUSION: NCD is highly prevalent within total joint arthroplasty candidates and may be correlated with higher body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologist scores, and rates of depression. The condition predisposes patients to suboptimal postoperative outcomes including increased intensive care unit admissions and prolonged rehabilitation.
Asunto(s)
Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Cadera/efectos adversos , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla/efectos adversos , Trastornos Neurocognitivos/epidemiología , Osteoartritis de la Cadera/cirugía , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Cadera/psicología , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Cadera/rehabilitación , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Cadera/estadística & datos numéricos , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla/psicología , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla/rehabilitación , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla/estadística & datos numéricos , Comorbilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastornos Neurocognitivos/etiología , Osteoartritis de la Cadera/epidemiología , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Hospital length of stay is a major driver of cost in the total hip arthroplasty (THA) episode of care, and as a result, significant efforts are being made to minimize it. This study aims to assess the utility of the Outpatient Arthroplasty Risk Assessment (OARA) screening tool in accurately identifying patients for safe and early discharge after THA. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on 332 consecutive patients who underwent primary THA at a single tertiary academic center. Patients were evaluated using the OARA score, a tool that has been proposed to identify patients who can safely undergo early discharge after THA. The validity of these claims was assessed by analyzing the OARA score's positive and negative predictive values for high vs low OARA scores between patients enrolled in our (1) same-day discharge (SDD) and 2) next-day discharge (NDD) pathways. RESULTS: When comparing the utility of the OARA score in accurately predicting length of stay, the OARA score demonstrated a (1) higher, but constant, positive predictive value for discharge on postoperative day (POD) 0 for SDD (86.1%) than POD1 for NDD (35.5%) and (2) lower negative predictive value for discharge on POD0 (23.1%) for SDD than POD1 for NDD (86.1%). CONCLUSION: The OARA score was developed to risk-stratify patients who can safely undergo SDD or NDD after THA. In this study, the OARA score was a highly predictive tool in identifying NDD patients at risk for failure of discharge by POD1.
Asunto(s)
Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Cadera/estadística & datos numéricos , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla/estadística & datos numéricos , Alta del Paciente , Medición de Riesgo/métodos , Anciano , Algoritmos , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Cadera/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Tiempo de Internación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pacientes Ambulatorios/estadística & datos numéricos , Periodo Posoperatorio , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Our large, urban, tertiary, university-based institution reflects on its 4-year experience with Bundled Payments for Care Improvement. We will describe the importance of 5 clinical pillars that have contributed to the early success of our bundled payment initiative. We are convinced that value-based care delivered through bundled payment initiatives is the best method to optimize patient outcomes while rewarding surgeons and hospitals for adapting to the evolving healthcare reforms. METHODS: We summarize a number of experiences and lessons learned since the implementation of Bundled Payments for Care Improvement at our institution. RESULTS: Our experience has led to the development of more refined clinical pathways and coordination of care through evidence-based approaches. We have established that the success of the bundled payment program rests on the following 5 main clinical pillars: (1) optimizing patient selection and comorbidities; (2) optimizing care coordination, patient education, shared decision making, and patient expectations; (3) using a multimodal pain management protocol and minimizing narcotic use to facilitate rapid rehabilitation; (4) optimizing blood management, and standardizing venous thromboembolic disease prophylaxis treatment by risk standardizing patients and minimizing the use of aggressive anticoagulation; and (5) minimizing post-acute facility and resource utilization, and maximizing home resources for patient recovery. CONCLUSION: From our extensive experience with bundled payment models, we have established 5 clinical pillars of value for bundled payments. Our hope is that these principles will help ease the transition to value-based care for less-experienced healthcare systems.
Asunto(s)
Artroplastia de Reemplazo/economía , Artroplastia de Reemplazo/normas , Paquetes de Atención al Paciente , Artroplastia , Atención a la Salud , Reforma de la Atención de Salud , Gastos en Salud , HumanosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The incidence of hip fractures is growing with the increasing elderly population. Typically, hip fractures are treated with open reduction internal fixation, hemiarthroplasty, or total hip arthroplasty (THA). Failed hip fracture fixation is often salvaged by conversion THA. The total number of conversion THA procedures is also supplemented by its use in treating different failed surgical hip treatments such as acetabular fracture fixation, Perthes disease, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, and developmental dysplasia of the hip. As the incidence of conversion THA rises, it is important to understand the perioperative characteristics of conversion THA. Some studies have demonstrated higher complication rates in conversion THAs than primary THAs, but research distinguishing the 2 groups is still limited. METHODS: Perioperative data for 119 conversion THAs and 251 primary THAs were collected at 2 centers. Multivariable linear regression was performed for continuous variables, multivariable logistic regression for dichotomous variables, and chi-square test for categorical variables. RESULTS: Outcomes for conversion THAs were significantly different (P < .05) compared to primary THA and had longer hospital length of stay (average 3.8 days for conversion THA, average 2.8 days for primary THA), longer operative time (168 minutes conversion THA, 129 minutes primary THA), greater likelihood of requiring metaphysis/diaphysis fixation, and greater likelihood of requiring revision type implant components. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that conversion THAs require more resources than primary THAs, as well as advanced revision type components. Based on these findings, conversion THAs should be reclassified to reflect the greater burden borne by treatment centers.
Asunto(s)
Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Cadera/estadística & datos numéricos , Fracturas de Cadera/cirugía , Anciano , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Femenino , Fijación Interna de Fracturas , Recursos en Salud , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tempo Operativo , Epífisis Desprendida de Cabeza Femoral/cirugía , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Many cost drivers of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have been critically evaluated to meet the heightened quality-associated expectations of performance-based care. However, assessing the efficacy of the different modalities of skin closure has been an underappreciated topic. The present study aims to provide further insight by conducting a meta-analysis and systematic review evaluating the rates of common complications and perioperative quality outcomes associated with different suture and staple skin closure techniques after TKA. METHODS: The present study was conducted in accordance with both the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Statement and the Cochrane Handbook for meta-analyses and systematic reviews. Primary outcome measures evaluated rates of common complications associated with primary TKA. Secondary outcome measures evaluated wound closure time, direct surgical costs, and cosmetic and knee function outcomes. RESULTS: Our meta-analysis demonstrated that skin sutures had a higher likelihood of superficial and deep infections, abscess formation, and wound dehiscence. Conversely, staples had a higher tendency for prolonged wound discharge. A systematic review of wound closure times and overall resource utilization demonstrated that wound closure was faster and more cost-effective with skin staples than sutures. CONCLUSION: Primary skin incision closure with staples demonstrated lower wound complications, decreased wound closure times, and an overall reduction in resource utilization. Given these outcomes, the use of staples after TKA may have several subtle clinical advantages over sutures.
Asunto(s)
Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla/métodos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Dermatologicos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Grapado Quirúrgico , Técnicas de Sutura , Suturas , Anciano , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Femenino , Humanos , Articulación de la Rodilla , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Técnicas de Cierre de HeridasRESUMEN
The potential for using mobile applications (apps) as an effective tool to monitor patients in an outpatient setting is promising. Past studies have investigated the use of applications in preoperative and postoperative settings as well as in monitoring and treating chronic illnesses such as diabetes, congestive heart failure (CHF), and multiple sclerosis. However, there is limited data on its specific use in the context of total knee arthroplasty. Given the complicated nature and crucial role of patient adherence to protocols during the preparatory and recovery phases of the procedure, the use of an app can serve as a helpful tool in aiding patients throughout this process. We present a pilot study to assess the efficacy of using such an app in order to monitor patient adherence to total knee arthroplasty-specific preoperative and postoperative protocols. Preoperative protocols used in this study included a 5-item medication protocol and multiple activity instructions. Postoperative patient protocols included following instructions on topics such as recording responses to quality-of-life questions, when and how to contact the clinical team if patients had non-emergent concerns or questions, and carrying out daily physical therapy (PT) exercises. Patients received and recorded responses to these preoperative and postoperative instructions using the iGetBetter program application installed on an iPad Mini, provided to the participants. Patient adherence was based on the data gathered from the patient responses inputted on this app. Adherence rates were comparable to those reported in various past studies that also investigated rates of adherence to health management-related instructions communicated through mobile apps.
Asunto(s)
Atención Ambulatoria/estadística & datos numéricos , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla/rehabilitación , Aplicaciones Móviles/estadística & datos numéricos , Cooperación del Paciente/estadística & datos numéricos , Sistemas Recordatorios/estadística & datos numéricos , Telemedicina/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Atención Perioperativa/estadística & datos numéricos , Proyectos Piloto , Autocuidado/estadística & datos numéricos , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Revisión de Utilización de RecursosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Female and racial/ethnic minority representation in surgical programs continues to trail behind other medical specialties. Various structural and perceived obstacles which contribute to a difficult path for underrepresented minority (URM) trainees have been identified, and efforts to reduce these hurdles are underway. Gaining perspective and insight from current surgical minority trainees may add valuable insight to aid with improving and innovating strategies to recruit and retain URM surgeons. OBJECTIVE: To characterize how race/ethnicity, cultural background, and gender affect the surgical training experience of URM surgical residents in all areas of surgery a focus on the field of Orthopedic Surgery, given its particularly poor rates of diversity. METHODS: Authors conducted semi-structured video interviews on current surgical residents or fellows who were members of underrepresented populations including Female, African-American/Black, Latino, Asian, Native American, and First or Second-generation immigrant status. Recruitment was achieved through a combination of voluntary, convenience, and snowball sampling procedures. Interview transcripts were then coded using conventional thematic analysis. Themes were iteratively expanded into subthemes and subsequently categorized utilizing a pile-sorting methodology. RESULTS: Among 23 surgical trainees 12 self-identified as Black (60.9%), 5 as Asian (17.4%), 1 as Hispanic (4.4%), and 5 as Caucasian (17.4%). Twelve residents identified as male (52%) and 11 as female (48%). Six surgical specialties were represented with the majority of participants (83%) being trainees in surgical subspecialties, among those orthopedic surgery was most strongly represented (57%). Analysis of their responses revealed 4 major themes: positive experiences, problems related to minority status, coping strategies, and participant suggested interventions. Themes were distilled further to sub-themes. Positive experiences' sub-themes included finding a supportive community, pride in minority status, and being able to better relate to patients. Negative experiences related to minority status' subthemes included perceived microaggressions and additional pressures, such as greater scrutiny and harsher punishments relative to their nonminority counterparts, which negatively impacted their surgical training. Most respondents did not feel there were dedicated resources to help alleviate these additional burdens, so some sought help outside of their training programs while others tried to assimilate, and others felt isolated. Recommended proposed interventions included validating the URM resident experience, providing education/training, and creating opportunities for mentorship. IMPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: URM surgical trainees face numerous challenges related to their minority status. Recruitment and retention of URM in medicine would benefit from individual early and longitudinal mentorship, mitigating imposter syndrome, acknowledging the challenges faced by residents, and seeking feedback from both past and current residents.
Asunto(s)
Internado y Residencia , Cirujanos , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Estados Unidos , Etnicidad , Grupos Minoritarios , Hispánicos o Latinos , Negro o AfroamericanoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The current opioid epidemic is a national problem and an increasing concern for pediatric orthopedic patients. The utilization of non-opioid pain methods may help improve the over-prescribing and overuse of opioid medications. The present study is a pain medication usage study that aims to investigate the effects of an intraoperative bupivacaine (BP) fracture injection and IV paracetamol on postoperative opioid consumption when treating supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children. METHODS: The study was approved by the college of medicine's institutional review board (IRB). Forty-two patients treated for a type-III supracondylar extension-type fracture of the humerus by 2 surgeons were reviewed. Two cohorts (n = 21) were compared based on whether patients received an intraoperative fracture injection of BP. A sub-analysis was performed among the BP cohort by stratifying patients who received only BP and patients who received BP and intraoperative IV paracetamol. Data variables evaluated included baseline patient characteristics and postoperative inpatient analgesic use. RESULTS: The BP cohort received a lesser number of opioid doses during the total postoperative hospital stay (2.1 ± 1.8 versus 3.6 ± 2.5; p = 0.031) as well as average morphine-milligram equivalents (MME) (11.8 ± 15.9 versus 4.2 ± 5.2; p = 0.044). When the BP cohort was stratified by patients who did and did not receive intraoperative IV paracetamol, during their total postoperative hospital stay, the paracetamolgroup consumed analgesic medication less frequently (p = 0.005), consumed less opioid doses (p = 0.011), and consumed less morphine-milligram-equivalents of opioids (p = 0.043). DISCUSSION: Opioid abuse and overuse in children is part of a national healthcare crisis. The use of BP injected into the fracture at the time of surgery is safe, effective, and reduces the need for opioids. Furthermore, the combination of intraoperative BP and IV paracetamol demonstrated less utilization of opioids than BP alone.
Asunto(s)
Analgésicos Opioides , Trastornos Relacionados con Opioides , Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapéutico , Niño , Humanos , Dolor Postoperatorio/tratamiento farmacológico , Dolor Postoperatorio/prevención & control , Proyectos Piloto , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
The aim of this study is to report the rate and type of neurologic injury associated with flexion supracondylar fractures at a tertiary, university institution treated over a 10-year period. All supracondylar humerus fracture cases treated at our institution between January 2004 and January 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-three flexion-type fractures were identified. Patient demographics as well as fracture classification, treatment modalities, and pre-and post-treatment neurologic status were analyzed. Twenty-three flexion-type supracondylar humerus fractures were identified and reviewed out of a total of 1000 supracondylar humerus fractures (2.3%). Details of the patients' neurologic status upon presentation demonstrated that 17 (74%) patients were intact and six (26%) patients presented with an ulnar neuropraxia. Zero type I fractures, one type II fractures (14.3%), and five type III fractures (33.3%) demonstrated an ulnar nerve palsy. Of these, all six nerve deficits resolved following treatment. One additional patient was identified with median nerve neuropraxia following treatment with closed reduction casting, which resolved following observation. A total of 4 (17.4%) patients were treated with closed reduction casting, 15 (65.2%) with closed reduction percutaneous pinning, and four (17.4%) with open reduction internal fixation. Flexion-type supracondylar fractures of the humerus are rare yet significant injuries. The 26% of patients who developed an ulnar neuropraxia following a displaced flexion supracondylar fracture were higher than previous studies reported in the literature. This increased prevalence may be due to the high rates of type III fractures reported in the current study. Level of evidence: III, Retrospective comparative cohort analysis.
Asunto(s)
Fracturas del Húmero/cirugía , Neuropatías Cubitales/epidemiología , Niño , Femenino , Fijación Intramedular de Fracturas , Humanos , Fracturas del Húmero/complicaciones , Masculino , Pennsylvania/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Rango del Movimiento Articular , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neuropatías Cubitales/etiologíaRESUMEN
Unsafe opioid distribution remains a major concern among the total knee arthroplasty (TKA) population. Perioperative opioid use has been shown to be associated with poorer outcomes in patients undergoing TKA including longer length of stay (LOS) and discharges to extended care facilities. The current study aims to detail perioperative opioid use patterns and investigate the effects of preoperative chronic opioid use on perioperative quality outcomes in TKA patients. A retrospective analysis was performed on 338 consecutive TKAs conducted at our institution. Two cohorts were compared in this study-preoperative chronic opioid users and nonchronic opioid users. Opioid usage patterns and quality metrics were collected and analyzed over a 3-month preoperative and a 6-month postoperative period. Fifty-four (16.0%) preoperative chronic opioid users were identified out of the total 338 patients included in the study. Preoperative chronic opioid users experienced significantly longer LOS (2.9 vs 2.6 days; p = 0.026). Patients who remained persistent chronic users throughout the preoperative and postoperative stages demonstrated a significantly longer LOS (3.4 days vs 2.5 days; p = 0.017) compared with those who were no longer chronically using opioids by the 6 months postoperative period. By the 6 months postoperative time point, preoperative chronic users were consuming eight times the morphine-equivalents (mg/day) compared with nonchronic users (p < 0.001). Preoperative chronic opioid use was associated with substantially higher usage patterns throughout the postoperative stages. Such opioid use patterns were associated with longer LOS. Given that perioperative chronic opioid use has shown to negatively impact TKA outcomes, future studies refining current perioperative management strategies are warranted. This is a Level II, prognostic study.
Asunto(s)
Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla/efectos adversos , Trastornos Relacionados con Opioides/complicaciones , Anciano , Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Tiempo de Internación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dolor Postoperatorio/tratamiento farmacológico , Dolor Postoperatorio/etiología , Periodo Posoperatorio , Periodo Preoperatorio , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Perioperative opioid use is becoming an increasingly concerning topic in total joint arthroplasty (TJA). The current study aims to add to the paucity of prior studies that have detailed perioperative opioid use patterns and the effects of preoperative chronic opioid use among a cohort of total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 256 consecutive patients who underwent a THA at our institution between February 2016 and June 2016 was performed. Two cohorts were compared: patients deemed 1) preoperative chronic opioid users, and 2) non-chronic users. Variables compared included baseline characteristics, quality metrics, and patients' opioid use histories 3 months prior to surgery and 6 months following surgery. RESULTS: Of the 256 patients, 54 (21.1%) patients were identified as preoperative chronic opioid users. Baseline characteristics including age, gender, BMI, and ASA scores were similar between both cohorts. Discharge disposition, value-based purchasing (VBP) costs, length of stay (LOS), emergency room visits, and postoperative office visits were similar between the two cohorts. Readmission rates (30-day, 90-day, and 6-month) were significantly higher (pâ¯<â¯0.05) in the chronic opioid users cohort. By the 6-month postoperative time period, chronic opioid users were consuming approximately 100-times the morphine equivalents than non-chronic users. CONCLUSIONS: The current study demonstrates that a substantial proportion of preoperative chronic opioid users continue to consume large amounts of opioids up to 6-months following THA surgery. Furthermore, preoperative chronic use is significantly associated with poorer quality outcomes, specifically with respect to readmission rates. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, Prognostic Study.
RESUMEN
Despite the evolution of blood management protocols, total knee arthroplasty (TKA) occasionally requires allogeneic blood transfusion. This poses a particular challenge for Jehovah's Witnesses (JW) who believe that the Bible strictly prohibits the use of blood products. The aim of this study was to compare JW and a matched-control cohort of non-JW candidates undergoing TKA to assess the safety using modern blood management protocols. Fifty-five JW patients (63 knees) who underwent TKA at our institution between 2005 and 2017 were matched to 63 non-JW patients (63 knees). Patient demographics, intraoperative details, and postoperative complications including in-hospital complications, revisions, and 90-day readmissions were collected and compared between the groups. Additionally, subgroup analysis was performed comparing JW patients who were administered tranexamic acid (TXA) between the two groups. Baseline demographics did not vary significantly between the study cohorts. The mean follow-up was 3.1 years in both the JW and non-JW cohorts. Postoperative complications, including in-hospital complications (7.9 vs. 4.8%; p = 0.47), revision TKA (1.6 vs. 1.6%; p = 1.00), and 90-day readmission (1.6 vs. 4.8%; p = 0.31) were not significantly different between the JW and non-JW groups. Subgroup analysis demonstrated JW patients who received TXA had a significantly lower decline in postoperative hemoglobin (Hgb) (8.6 vs. 14.0%; p < 0.01). At a follow-up of up to 12 years, JW patients who underwent TKA have outcomes equivalent to non-JW patients without the need for transfusion. Our findings support that surgeons are more likely to optimize JW patients preoperatively with iron and folate supplementation. Despite these variations in preoperative optimization efforts, no significant difference with regard to Hgb or hematocrit levels was demonstrated. Level of evidence is III, retrospective observational study.
Asunto(s)
Anemia/terapia , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla/efectos adversos , Pérdida de Sangre Quirúrgica/prevención & control , Transfusión Sanguínea , Testigos de Jehová , Hemorragia Posoperatoria/terapia , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antifibrinolíticos/uso terapéutico , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla/métodos , Epoetina alfa/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Ácido Fólico/uso terapéutico , Hematínicos/uso terapéutico , Hemoglobinas/análisis , Hemostasis Quirúrgica , Humanos , Compuestos de Hierro/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hemorragia Posoperatoria/etiología , Hemorragia Posoperatoria/prevención & control , Cuidados Preoperatorios , Estudios Retrospectivos , Ácido Tranexámico/uso terapéutico , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Hip and knee replacements for osteoarthritis are established procedures for improving joint pain and function, yet their safety in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is unknown. Patients with MS face unique surgical challenges due to underlying neurologic dysfunction. Current literature on arthroplasty in MS is limited to case reports focusing on adverse events. METHODS: Of 40 identified patients who underwent hip or knee replacement, 30 had sufficient data for inclusion. We reviewed their medical records and recorded reasons for surgery, age at surgery, MS characteristics, surgical complications, and ambulatory aid status before and after surgery. We supplemented medical record review with questionnaires regarding preoperative and postoperative pain and satisfaction with surgical outcomes. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 26 months. Complications of surgery were reported in ten patients (33%), mostly mild and self-limited, although four patients (13%) required repeated operation. Six patients (20%) reported improvements in ambulatory aid use compared with presurgery baseline, ten (33%) worsened, and 14 (47%) were unchanged. In 20 patients who completed the questionnaire, mean ± SD joint pain scores (on 0-10 scale) decreased from 8.6 ± 2.0 preoperatively to 2.9 ± 2.4 postoperatively (P < .001). Five patients (25%) were free of joint pain at last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that pain reduction is a realistic outcome of total knee or hip arthroplasty in people with MS and that improved functional gait outcomes are possible in some patients. Prospective, multicenter, collaborative studies are needed to optimize selection and improve outcomes in people with MS considering arthroplasty.