Ethnic and national identity development processes: The role of cultural behaviors and gender.

Objective: This study examined the interrelations between Chinese and Canadian identity development during adolescence over an 18-month period using an individual-in-context perspective. We simultaneously considered the roles of youths' cultural behavior practices and their gender for predicting identity processes. We also examined whether practicing heritage cultural behaviors interferes with or is unrelated to national identity development and vice versa. Method: Adolescents with Chinese backgrounds (N = 152, 52% female; Mage = 14.95 years at Wave 1; SD = 1.70) were recruited from either a large metropolitan or midsized city in Canada. All parents were foreign-born, as were 80.2% of the adolescents. Results: Confirmatory factor analyses suggested that males and females reported a mostly stable sense of cultural identity and similar patterns of interrelation among identity belonging and exploration. There were two exceptions: Males did not report stability in Chinese identity belonging, and higher Canadian identity predicted increases in Chinese identity for males but decreases in Chinese identity for females. For both genders, more engagement in cultural behaviors predicted identity development within each cultural dimension and there were no associations across cultures. Conclusion: The data suggest that identity development in adolescence is fairly stable for Chinese Canadians. The evidence of gender differences in the interrelations of identity components underscores the value of considering multiple social identities. Finally, the finding that cultural behaviors support identity development within a culture and does not interfere with between-culture identity development suggests that providing opportunities to engage in heritage and national cultural behaviors can foster bicultural identity development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Physical Health of Older Canadians: Do Intersections Between Immigrant and Refugee Status, Racialized Status, and Socioeconomic Position Matter?

It is unclear whether racial or nativity health disparities exist among older Canadians and what social and economic disadvantages may contribute to these differences. Secondary analysis of data collected from respondents aged 55 and older in the Canadian General Social Survey 27 was performed. The outcome variable was self-reported physical health. Compared to racialized immigrants, white immigrant and Canadian-born respondents had approximately 35% higher odds of good health. Among racialized older adults, the odds of good health were better if they were younger than 75, more affluent, better educated, had a confidant, had not experienced discrimination in the past five years, and were more acculturated. Racialized immigrants are at a health disadvantage compared to white groups in Canada; however, greater acculturation, social support, and lower experiences of discrimination contribute to better health among racialized older adults.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in mid-age and older adults differs by immigrant status and ethnicity, nutrition, and other determinants of health in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).

PURPOSE: This study aimed to address knowledge gaps about post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in mid-age and older adults, with particular attention to the relationship of PTSD with nutrition and with ethnicity and immigrant status. METHODS: Binary logistic regression analysis of weighted comprehensive cohort data from the baseline Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA; n = 27,211) was conducted using the four-item Primary Care-PTSD tool (outcome) and immigrant status by ethnicity (Canadian-born white, Canadian-born minority, immigrant white, immigrant minority). Covariates included various social, economic, nutrition and health-related variables. RESULTS: After controlling for socioeconomic and health variables, immigrants from minority groups had significantly higher odds of PTSD compared to their Canadian-born counterparts, whereas white immigrants had lower odds of PTSD. These relationships were significantly robust across seven cluster-based regression models. After adjusting for ethnicity/immigrant status, the odds of PTSD were higher among those earning lower household incomes, widowed, divorced, or separated respondents, ever smokers, and those who had multi-morbidities, chronic pain, high nutritional risk, or who reported daily consumptions of pastries, pulses and nuts, or chocolate. Conversely, those 55 years and over, who had high waist-to-height ratio, or who consumed 2-3 fiber sources daily had significantly lower odds of PTSD. CONCLUSION: Interventions aimed at managing PTSD in mid-age and older adults should consider ethnicity, immigrant status, as well as socioeconomic, health, and nutrition status.

Depression in middle and older adulthood: the role of immigration, nutrition, and other determinants of health in the Canadian longitudinal study on aging.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about depression in middle-aged and older Canadians and how it is affected by health determinants, particularly immigrant status. This study examined depression and socio-economic, health, immigration and nutrition-related factors in older adults. METHODS: Using weighted comprehensive cohort data from the baseline Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (n = 27,162) of adults aged 45-85, gender-specific binary logistic regression was conducted with the cross-sectional data using the following variables: 1) Depression (outcome) measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression (CESD-10) rating scale; 2) Immigration status: native-born, recent and mid-term (< 20 years), and long-term immigrants (≥20 years); and 3) covariates: socioeconomic status, physical health (e.g., multi-morbidity), health behavior (e.g., substance use), over-nutrition (e.g., anthropometrics), under-nutrition (e.g., nutrition risk), and dietary intake. RESULTS: The sample respondents were mainly Canadian-born (82.6%), women (50.6%), 56-65 years (58.9%), earning between C$50,000-99,999 (33.2%), and in a relationship (69.4%). When compared to Canadian-born residents, recent, mid-term (< 20 years), and longer-term (≥ 20 years) immigrant women were more likely to report depression and this relationship was robust to adjustments for 32 covariates (adjusted ORs = 1.19, 2.54, respectively, p < 0.001). For women, not completing secondary school (OR = 1.23, p < 0.05), stage 1 hypertension (OR = 1.31, p < 0.001), chronic pain (OR = 1.79, p < 0.001), low fruit/vegetable intakes (OR = 1.33, p < 0.05), and fruit juice (OR = 1.80, p < 0.001), chocolate (ORs = 1.15-1.66, p's < 0.05), or salty snack (OR = 1.19, p < 0.05) consumption were associated with depression. For all participants, lower grip strength (OR = 1.25, p < 0.001) and high nutritional risk (OR = 2.24, p < 0.001) were associated with depression. For men, being in a relationship (OR = 0.62, p < 0.001), completing post-secondary education (OR = 0.82, p < 0.05), higher fat (ORs = 0.67-83, p's < 0.05) and omega-3 egg intake (OR = 0.86, p < 0.05) as well as moderate intakes of fruits/vegetables and calcium/high vitamin D sources (ORs = 0.71-0.743, p's < 0.05) predicted a lower likelihood of depression. For men, chronic conditions (ORs = 1.36-3.65, p's < 0.001), chronic pain (OR = 1.86, p < 0.001), smoking (OR = 1.17, p < 0.001), or chocolate consumption (ORs = 1.14-1.72, p's < 0.05) predicted a higher likelihood of depression. CONCLUSIONS: The odds of developing depression were highest among immigrant women. Depression in middle-aged and older adults is also associated with socioeconomic, physical, and nutritional factors and the relationships differ by sex. These results provide insights for mental health interventions specific to adults aged 45-85.

The influence of culture on the oral health-related beliefs and behaviours of elderly chinese immigrants: a meta-synthesis of the literature.

Neglect of the mouth can lead to impairment, disability, and discomfort; as a result, it can have a negative impact on quality of life in old age. Some minority groups in North America shoulder a disproportionate burden of dental impairment compared to people of European origins, possibly because of different cultural beliefs and a distrust of Western oral healthcare. This paper explores these factors in elderly Chinese immigrants through a meta-synthesis of selected literature that reveals a dynamic interplay of traditional Chinese beliefs about oral health, immigration, and structural factors mediating access to Western dentistry. It also identifies several conceptual issues and gaps in knowledge, offers avenues of research including the cross-cultural application of two recent models of oral health, and discusses various strategies for improving access to dental services for minority populations.

Examining the gender, ethnicity, and age dimensions of the healthy immigrant effect: factors in the development of equitable health policy.

This study expands on previous research on the healthy immigrant effect (HIE) in Canada by considering the effects of both immigrant and visible minority status on self-rated health for males and females in mid-(45-64) and later life (65+). The findings reveal a strong HIE among new immigrant middle-aged men, particularly non-Whites. For older men of color the reality is strikingly different: they are disadvantaged in health compared to their Canadian-born counterparts, even when a number of demographic, economic, and lifestyle factors are controlled. Health outcomes for immigrant women are in contrast to that of immigrant men. Among middle-aged women, immigrants, regardless of their ethnicity or number of years since immigration, are much more likely to report poor health compared to the Canadian-born. And, for older women, recent non-white immigrants are more likely to report better health compared to Canadian-born women, although this finding is explained by differences in demographic, economic, and lifestyle factors. Overall, the findings demonstrate the importance of considering the intersections of age, gender, and ethnicity for policymakers in assessing the health of immigrants.

The prevalence and management of diabetes among Vietnamese Americans: A population-based survey of an understudied ethnic group.

OBJECTIVES: Although obesity remains relatively rare among Vietnamese Americans, the prevalence of diabetes has increased in this population. This study aims to: 1. Estimate the prevalence of diabetes among non-obese Vietnamese American adults compared to non-obese non-Hispanic whites (NHW). 2. Identify factors associated with diabetes among non-obese Vietnamese Americans. 3. Examine whether Vietnamese Americans and NHW with diabetes are equally as likely to receive optimal frequency of diabetes care (i.e., hemoglobin A1C monitoring, foot care, eye care). METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of non-obese adult Vietnamese Americans using pooled data from the 2007, 2009, 2011 and 2013-2016 waves of the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS). RESULTS: Only 9% of Vietnamese Americans with diabetes are obese. Non-obese Vietnamese Americans have 60% higher adjusted odds of diabetes compared to non-obese NHW. Among non-obese Vietnamese Americans, those who were older, ever smokers and born outside US had a higher prevalence of diabetes. We found both Vietnamese Americans and NHW with diabetes received similar levels of care. DISCUSSION: Non-obese Vietnamese Americans have much higher odds of diabetes than NHW. Health professionals can effectively minimize disparities between Vietnamese Americans and NHW with diabetes through appropriate monitoring of foot care, eye care and A1C levels.

Critical Knowledge Mobilization: Directions for Social Gerontology.

The concept of knowledge mobilization (KMb) is prominent in governance frameworks of tri-council funding in Canada. Yet there are a number of conceptual and practical challenges when such ideas are proposed for adoption across large multidisciplinary contexts. This research note introduces the concept of critical knowledge mobilization as a way to understand KMb in large multidisciplinary teams and social gerontology. It begins with a high-level sketch of the historic changes in knowledge production and knowledge sharing, followed by a definition of critical knowledge mobilization and examples of historical ideas and everyday tensions in practice. Building on these, we propose the need to advance and shift the culture of KMb, and to embark on engaged research as a means of innovation. We suggest that a reflexive process of critical KMb can facilitate innovation and promote a culture of knowledge mobilization in Canadian social gerontology.

Supporting Healthy Aging through the Scale-Up, Spread, and Sustainability of Assistive Technology Implementation: A Rapid Realist Review of Participatory Co-Design for Assistive Technology with Older Adults.

Objective: To identify the key mechanisms, contexts, and outcomes that drive the successful participatory co-design of assistive technologies. Method: A rapid realist review was conducted using a systematic search strategy. After screening, a final set of 28 articles were included. Articles were analyzed for evidence relevant to our initial program theory (IPT), and context-mechanism-outcome configurations were developed, resulting in a revised program theory. Results: All 28 articles included were highly relevant to the IPT, and had sufficient detail regarding the process of participatory co-design. The findings of this review highlight several key context-mechanism-outcome configurations as potential patterns in the data under the two dimensions of the evolving program theory: knowledge integration and the ethico-political dimension. Discussion: This review revealed the key mechanisms of mutual awareness, mutual learning, trust, and reciprocity that need to be taken into account in AT development and assessment. We concluded that participatory co-design requires a restructuring of power relations between end-users and those traditionally in control of technology design. These findings inform the development and assessment of AT for older adults and help guide policy/decision-makers to move forward with the now urgent agenda for scale-up and spread, initiated by the burning platform of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Pain and Functional Limitations Among Midlife and Older Canadians: The Role of Discrimination, Race and Sense of Belonging.

OBJECTIVES: We drew on fundamental cause theory and the weathering hypothesis to examine how discrimination influences aging for midlife and older adults in Canada. METHODS: Using nationally representative data, we assessed the associations between discrimination and pain and functional limitations among adults 45 years of age and older. Discrimination was measured using a modified version of the Everyday Discrimination Scale. Chi-square tests were performed to check for baseline differences in the dependent and key predictor variables by race. Logistic regression was used to estimate the associations of discrimination, race, and sense of belonging with pain and functional limitations, net of sociodemographic characteristics and SES. RESULTS: Indigenous respondents showed a clear health disadvantage, with higher rates of pain and functional limitations compared to Whites and Asians. Self-reported discrimination was also higher for Indigenous midlife and older adults than for their White and Asian age counterparts. Discrimination had a direct and robust association with pain (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.31, 1.87) and functional limitations (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.29, 1.87). However, race moderated the impact of discrimination on functional limitations for Blacks. Finally, a strong sense of belonging to one's local community was protective against pain and functional limitations for all racial groups. DISCUSSION: Future research needs to further examine the impact of discrimination on Indigenous peoples' aging process. High rates of discrimination coupled with a greater burden of pain means that Indigenous midlife and older adults may require additional and targeted health and social service resources to age successfully.

Refugee status is associated with double the odds of psychological distress in mid-to-late life: Findings from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

Psychological distress is associated with a range of negative outcomes including lower quality of life and an increased risk of premature all-cause mortality. The prevalence of, and factors associated with, psychological distress among middle-aged and older Canadians are understudied. Using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) baseline data, this study examined factors associated with psychological distress among adults between 45 and 85 years, including refugee status and a wide range of sociodemographic, health-related and social support characteristics. Psychological distress was measured by Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale-K10 scores. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. The prevalence of psychological distress was significantly higher among the 244 refugees (23.8%), compared to 23,149 Canadian-born Canadians (12.8%) and 4,765 non-refugee immigrants (12.6%), despite the fact that the average time the refugees had lived in Canada was more than four decades. The results of the binary logistic regression analysis indicated refugees had twice the age-sex adjusted odds of psychological distress (OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.74, 3.07). Even after further adjustment for 16 potential risk factors, a significant relationship remained between refugee status and psychological distress (OR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.12, 2.17). Other significant factors associated with psychological distress included younger age, female gender, visible minority status, lower household income, not having an undergraduate degree, multimorbidities, chronic pain, and lack of social support. Policies and interventions addressing psychological distress among Canadians in mid- to later life should target refugees and other vulnerable groups.

Of the family tree: congruence on filial obligation between older parents and adult children in Japanese Canadian families.

Drawing on the intergenerational stake hypothesis (Bengtson and Kuypers, 1971), this article explores intergenerational congruence and incongruence on filial obligation, and implications for social support, between older nisei (second generation) parents and adult sansei (third generation) children in Japanese Canadian families. Using data from semi-structured interviews with 100 parent-child dyads in British Columbia, congruence on close-ended responses to value statements (degree congruence) and the content congruence of open-ended responses are examined. The findings show the majority of parent-child dyads indicate overall (both degree and content) congruence in filial obligation, especially when a parent is female, widowed, and/or has poor/fair health status. We conclude that despite markedly different historical life course experiences and acculturation processes, both generations continue to regard filial obligation as important. These findings are discussed with respect to implications for social support exchanges given a continued valuation of filial obligation in Asian post-immigrant (North American-born) and immigrant families.

Precarity and Aging: A Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The concept of precarity holds the potential to understand insecurities and risks experienced by older people in the contemporary social, economic, political and cultural context. This study maps existing conceptualizations of precarity in relation to aging and later life, identifies key themes, and considers the use of precarity in two subfields. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This article presents the findings of a two-phase scoping study of the international literature on precarity in later life. Phase I involved a review of definitions and understandings of precarity and aging. Phase II explored two emerging subthemes of disability and im/migration as related to aging and late life. RESULTS: A total of 121 published studies were reviewed across Phase I and Phase II. Findings reveal that the definition of precarity is connected with insecurity, vulnerability, and labor and that particular social locations, trajectories, or conditions may heighten the risk of precarity in late life. IMPLICATIONS AND DISCUSSION: The article concludes by outlining the need for conceptual clarity, research on the unique multidimensional features of aging and precarity, the delineation of allied concepts and emerging applications, and the importance of linking research results with processes of theory building and the development of policy directives for change.

Protecting the privacy of technology users who have cognitive disabilities: Identifying areas for improvement and targets for change.

INTRODUCTION: Information Technologies (IT) may serve assistive roles that facilitate the interaction of people living with cognitive disabilities (CD) within their environments. However, there are some notable concerns related to privacy threats associated with the use of IT. The purpose of this study was to examine how assistive technology developers may best adapt over time to develop their IT to be resilient against threats to privacy. We therefore focused on the following areas: (1) developers' knowledge and practices related to privacy protection; (2) challenges when applying recommended practices, and; (3) preferred channels to acquire knowledge. METHOD: We conducted semi-structured interviews with ten technology developers who are members of the AGE-WELL network undertaking research and development of assistive technologies to be used by people who have cognitive disabilities. We used an inductive-deductive method for the analysis of qualitative data to examine participant responses and generate themes related to the study goals. RESULTS: Principal themes that emerged from the data include practices specific to populations with CD, challenges to obtaining consent to use of information, and preferred channels to acquire knowledge. CONCLUSION: We identify areas of focus for developing a knowledge mobilization strategy to improve relevant policies and practices.

Psychological distress in older adults linked to immigrant status, dietary intake, and physical health conditions in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).

BACKGROUND: Psychological distress increases mortality risk; there is little knowledge about its prevelance and contributory factors in older populations. METHODS: Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging baseline data (2010-2015) were analyzed to examine the relationship between Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale-K10 and immigrant status (recent/mid-term,<20 years; long-term, ≥20 years; Canadian-born). Covariates included socioeconomic and health-related variables. Stratified by sex, two series of multinomial logistic regression were used to calculate the likelihood of having mild distress (20 < K10 score ≤24) and moderate/severe distress (K10 score >24). RESULTS: Respondents (n = 25,700) were mainly Canadian-born (82.8%), 45-65 years (59.3%), earning cut-off; OR=1.32, 99% CI 1.02-1.70), and higher nutritional risk (ORs = 2.16-3.31, p's <0.001). For men, psychological distress was associated with under-nutrition (grip strength56 years, ORs=0.19-0.79, p's<0.01), lower income (≤C$149,000, ORs = 1.68-7.79, p's<0.01), multi-morbidities (ORs = 1.67-4.70, p's<0.01), chronic pain (ORs = 1.67-3.09, p's<0.001) and higher intake of chocolate (≥ 0.6 bar/week, ORs=1.61-2.23, p's<0.001). LIMITATIONS: Cross-sectional design prohibits causal inferences. CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional factors, immigration status, social, and health-related problems are strongly associated with psychological distress among midlife and older adults.

Close Relations Matter: The Association Between Depression and Refugee Status in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).

This study examined the prevalence and social determinants of depression among refugee and non-refugee adults aged 45-85 in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Bivariate analyses and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. The prevalence of depression was higher in a sample of 272 refugees (22.1%) and 5059 non-refugee immigrants (16.6%), compared to 24,339 native-born Canadians (15.2%). The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of depression for refugees were not attenuated when controlling factors such as, (1) socioeconomic status, (2) health conditions and behaviours, (3) social isolation and online social networking (aORs range from 1.61 to 1.70, p's < 0.05). However, when social support representing close personal relationships was included, the odds of depression for refugees were reduced to non-significance (aOR = 1.30, 95% CI 0.97-1.74, p = 0.08). Refugees' excess vulnerability to depression is mainly attributable to lower levels of affectionate social support. Targeted interventions in nurturing supportive interpersonal relationships for refugees are warranted.

Nutritional Factors, Physical Health and Immigrant Status Are Associated with Anxiety Disorders among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Findings from Baseline Data of The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).

The main purpose of this study was to compare the lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders among foreign-born and Canadian-born adults in middle and later life. Using baseline data of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (2010-2015), multivariable binary logistic regression was conducted to investigate anxiety diagnosis and immigrant status, while controlling for socio-economic, health-related, and nutrition covariates. Of 26,991 participants (49.3% men, 82.5% Canadian born, 58.5% aged 45-65 years), the overall prevalence of self-reported physician diagnosis of anxiety disorders was 8.5%, with immigrants being lower than Canadian-born respondents (6.4% vs. 9.3%, p < 0.001). After accounting for all covariates, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for anxiety disorders was lower among immigrants (aOR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.67-0.88) compared to those who were Canadian born. Identified risk factors included: younger age (aORs = 1.79-3.52), being a woman (aOR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.07-1.46), single status (aOR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.09-1.48), lower income (aORs = 1.28-2.68), multi-morbidities (aORs = 2.73-5.13), chronic pain (aOR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.18-1.44), lifetime smoking ≥ 100 cigarettes (aOR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.23-1.48), BMI < 18.5 (aOR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.20-2.92), body fat ≥ 26% (aORs = 1.28-1.79), fruit and vegetable intake (< 3/day; aORs = 1.24-1.26), and pastry consumption (> 1/day; aOR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.12-1.15) (p < 0.05). Targeting socio-economic and nutritional risk factors may reduce the burden of anxiety disorders in middle and late adulthood.

Making meaningful connections: a profile of social isolation and health among older adults in small town and small city, British Columbia.

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of the study are: (a) to develop a profile of socially isolated older adults (SIOA) in British Columbia (BC) based on sociodemographic and health characteristics and (b) to examine whether SIOA under-or overutilize health care services. METHOD: This study uses telephone interview data collected from a random sample of 1,064 older adults (65+) in BC. The sample was identified using established criteria from the six-item Lubben Social Network Scale. RESULTS: The results indicate that 17% of the sample is socially isolated. To summarize, the strongest predictors of social isolation are income, gender, marital status, self-rated health, length of residence, and home ownership. Further analysis indicates that SIOA were not more inclined to overuse health services. DISCUSSION: The findings underscore the importance of understanding differential profiles of need and service use for SIOA within broader social contexts, and are discussed in terms of their implications for health care policy and program planning for this vulnerable population.

From risky places to safe spaces: Re-assembling spaces and places in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside.

Vancouver's Downtown Eastside (DTES) neighbourhood is commonly associated with stigmatized and criminalized activities and attendant risks and harms. Many spaces/places in this urban neighbourhood are customarily portrayed and experienced as risky and harmful, and are implicated in experiences of structural (and physical) violence and marginalization. Drawing on 50 qualitative interviews, this paper explores how spaces/places frequently used by structurally vulnerable people who use drugs (PWUD) in the DTES that are commonly associated with risk and harm (e.g., alleyways, parks) can be re-imagined and re-constructed as enabling safety and wellbeing. Study participants recounted both negative and positive experiences with particular spaces/places, suggesting the possibility of making these locations less risky and safer. Our findings demonstrate how spaces/places used by PWUD in this particular geographical context can be understood as assemblages, a variety of human and nonhuman forces - such as material objects, actors, processes, affect, temporal elements, policies and practices - drawn together in unique ways that produce certain effects (risk/harm or safety/wellbeing). Conceptualizing these spaces/places as assemblages provides a means to better understand how experiences of harm, or conversely wellbeing, unfold, and sheds light on how risky spaces/places can be re-assembled as spaces/places that enable safety and wellbeing.

Diabetes and Diabetes Care among Nonobese Japanese-Americans: Findings from a Population-Based Study.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study are as follows: (1) to determine the prevalence of diabetes among nonobese Japanese-Americans and to determine the adjusted odds of diabetes among nonobese Japanese-Americans compared to non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs); (2) to identify the risk factors associated with having diabetes in a large sample of nonobese Japanese-Americans; and (3) to determine the prevalence and adjusted odds of diabetes management behaviors among nonobese Japanese-Americans with diabetes in comparison to NHWs with diabetes. METHODS: The combined 2007-2016 waves of the adult California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) were used to analyze a nonobese (BMI<30) sample of 2,295 Japanese-Americans and 119,651 NHWs. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were performed using Stata. RESULTS: The findings of this representative community study of nonobese Californians indicate that the prevalence of diabetes among Japanese-American respondents was higher than their NHW counterparts (8.0% versus 4.5%). Prevalence increased markedly with age; one-quarter of nonobese Japanese Americans aged 80 and older had diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of diabetes among nonobese Japanese-Americans is significantly higher than that among NHWs. There is an urgent need to develop appropriate intervention and prevention approaches with lifestyle modification specifically targeted towards nonobese Japanese-Americans.