2,3-Dichloronaphthoquinone derivatives: Synthesis, antimicrobial activity, molecular modelling and ADMET studies.

In the present study, an intermediate namely 2-(3-bromopropylamino)-3-chloronaphthalene-1,4-dione was initially synthesized via the nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction between 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone and 3-bromo-1-aminopropane. Then a coupling reaction between the intermediate and piperazine derivatives yielded a number of 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives. Spectroscopic analysis successfully characterized the products that were obtained in good yields. In vitro antibacterial properties of the compounds were examined against different bacterial strains. In vitro antibacterial properties of the compounds were examined against the bacterial strains S. Aureus, E. Faecalis, E. Coli and P. Aeruginosa. While compound 9 was found to be effective against all bacterial strains used, compound 12 was active against three strains and compounds 10 and 11 were effective against the two. None of the compounds are effective against C. albicans strain. In silico molecular docking studies revealed that all compounds had docking scores comparable to the antibacterial drugs ciprofloxacin and gentamicin and might be considered as DNA gyrase B inhibitors. Molecular dynamics simulations were also conducted for a better understanding of the stability and the selected docked complexes. Additionally, the drug similarity of the synthesized compounds and ADMET characteristics were examined in conjunction with the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, and drug potentials were then evaluated. Compatible predictions were found with the drug similarity and ADMET parameters.

Adsorption of Remazol Brilliant Blue R on activated carbon prepared from a pine cone.

In this work the activated pine cone was investigated as adsorbent to remove Remazol Brilliant Blue R from aqueous solution. The effects of various experimental parameters such as initial dye concentration, contact time, temperature, adsorbent dose and pH were examined. The adsorption of Remazol Brilliant Blue R from aqueous solution was increased with the increase in initial dye concentration, contact time, temperature, adsorbent dose but decreased with the increase in the pH. The results in this study indicated that the activated pine cone was an attractive candidate for removing Remazol Brilliant Blue R.