RESUMEN
The paper describes a device for high-frequency spatial filtering roentgenogram images and its operation. Filtering is accomplished by projecting the diffuse image of the sharp positive on the negative. The device permits us to have three operational stages of image treatment: the image contrast equalization stage, the structure and contour standing out stage, and the distinct and indistinct contour differentiation stage.
Asunto(s)
Intensificación de Imagen Radiográfica/instrumentación , Filtración/instrumentaciónRESUMEN
Radio- and tomogrammes of 335 patients with inflammatory and tumoral pathology of accessory nasal sinus were investigated. Anisotropic gradient filtration of the image, carried out with "Magiskan-2" apparatus was used. The procedure permitted to distinguish small unobstrusive changes in sinal bony tissues, routinely unnoticeable, and characteristic features of shadow structure, facilitating a differential diagnosis of accessory nasal sinus diseases.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Senos Paranasales/diagnóstico por imagen , Intensificación de Imagen Radiográfica/métodos , Tomografía por Rayos X/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Intensificación de Imagen Radiográfica/instrumentación , Interpretación de Imagen Radiográfica Asistida por ComputadorRESUMEN
The authors examined 436 patients with acute trauma of the upper and middle zones of the visceral cranium. Injury to the anterior cranial fossa was discovered in fractures of the orbitonasal complex, isolated fractures of the upper zone, fractures of the Le Fort II and Le Fort III types, and multiple fractures of the upper and middle zones of the face. Such fractures were found in 158 cases, in 76 of them (48.1%) damage to the anterior cranial fossa was recognized. A relationship was found between the frequency of fractures of the anterior cranial fossa and the type of injury to the bones of the face. The features of injury to the separate structures of the anterior cranial fossa are specified. The modified program of panoramic sonography by means of a Zonark apparatus makes it possible to examine the anterior cranial fossa of a patient in a supine position with a small number of exposures, which makes the examination much easier for the patient.
Asunto(s)
Huesos Faciales/lesiones , Fracturas Craneales/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Huesos Faciales/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cráneo/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía por Rayos XRESUMEN
A total of 453 patients with acute injuries of the upper and median zones of the facial skull were examined. The most frequent injury was that to the orbital entrance, fractures of the inferior wall; fractures of the exterior, interior, and anterior walls were less incident, and fractures of the orbital apex were the most rare. Types of the skull bone fractures, associated with injury to the orbital walls, were distinguished. The x-ray semeiotics of injuries to the orbital walls was specified making use of panoramic sonography. Panoramic zonography [correction of sonography] with the use of the Zonark [correction of Sonarc] apparatus helps identify the volume and extension of the injuries on all the orbital walls and is altogether an effective method for the diagnosis of the orbital wall fractures.
Asunto(s)
Fracturas Orbitales/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía por Rayos X/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Lesiones Oculares/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fracturas Craneales/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
The author suggests a method for making highly-structured roentgenograms of nasal bones in forensic medical expert examinations of live subjects, involving no x-raying of nasal bones. The method is based on nasal bones imaging in skull bone roentgenography in the lateral projection.
Asunto(s)
Medicina Legal/métodos , Hueso Nasal/diagnóstico por imagen , Hueso Nasal/lesiones , Fracturas Craneales/diagnóstico por imagen , Accidentes por Caídas , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , RadiografíaRESUMEN
Fifty-two patients with naso-orbital fractures were examined. Regularities in isolated and multiple injuries of such bones were detected. Specific features of the injuries of individual osseous structures of the naso-orbital complex in various types of fractures were analyzed. Traumatic injuries of this site are characterized by a high incidence of injuries to the frontal sinus walls and to the structures of the anterior segment of the skull. Panoramic sonography better demonstrates the volume and extension of the injuries. Linear tomography in a lateral projection should supplement panoramic sonography, specifying the status of the frontonasal anastomosis, posterior wall of the frontal sinuses, cerebral wall of the ethmoidal labyrinth and the cribriform plate.
Asunto(s)
Hueso Nasal/lesiones , Fracturas Orbitales/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas Craneales/diagnóstico por imagen , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Seno Frontal/diagnóstico por imagen , Seno Frontal/lesiones , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hueso Nasal/diagnóstico por imagen , Órbita/diagnóstico por imagen , Radiografía Panorámica , Tomografía por Rayos XRESUMEN
Under study were 248 patients with fractures of the upper and middle zone of face including injury of the zygomatic bone. The examination performed has revealed a joint character of the injury of the zygomatic bone and the maxillary sinus walls. The rational grouping of fractures of the zygomatic bone includes isolated fractures of its processes and lower edge of the orbit as well as fractures of the zygomatic-maxillary complex. The panorama zonography is an effective method of diagnosing fractures of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic-maxillary complex.
Asunto(s)
Fracturas Cigomáticas/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Maxilar/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas Maxilares/diagnóstico por imagen , Seno Maxilar/diagnóstico por imagen , Seno Maxilar/lesiones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tomografía por Rayos X , Cigoma/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Investigation of 14 roentgenograms of skin preparations with cut-stab wounds, treated by spatial filtration method in medium and high spatial frequency modes was performed using material of 13 specific cases. This resulted in detection of disturbances of skin pattern left at the area of former skin cone in 7 cases while in 2 cases indistinct heel traces were seen. Changes in skin pattern were not recorded on roentgenograms of skin preparation of 12 experimental cut-stab wounds obtained on cadaveric skin.
Asunto(s)
Autopsia/métodos , Piel/diagnóstico por imagen , Heridas Punzantes/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Filtración/instrumentación , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Intensificación de Imagen Radiográfica/instrumentación , Intensificación de Imagen Radiográfica/métodos , Televisión/instrumentaciónRESUMEN
Under study there were 23 patients without alterations in the area of tibiofibular syndesmosis, 53 patients with isolated injuries and 132 patients with associated injuries in the area of syndesmosis. Roentgenogrammetry (calculation of the tibiofibular index) and special filtration of the roentgenogram picture were performed. Roentgenogrammetric indices of ruptures of syndesmosis and peculiarities of bone injuries at the level of syndesmosis were established.
Asunto(s)
Traumatismos del Tobillo , Peroné/lesiones , Tibia/lesiones , Fracturas de la Tibia/diagnóstico por imagen , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Articulación del Tobillo/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Peroné/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Radiografía , Rotura , Tibia/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Thirty-three children were examined operated on for histologically verified fibrous osteodysplasia. X-ray examinations of the maxilla and mandible were carried out in the nasofrontal and lateral projections, roentgenograms were made in the semiaxial and naso-forehead projections, and intraoral roentgenograms of the teeth and alveolar processes, orthopantomograms of the mandible, and linear tomograms were made. Five variants of an x-ray picture of fibrous dysplasia were distinguished which should be taken into consideration in differential diagnosis.
Asunto(s)
Displasia Fibrosa Ósea/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Maxilomandibulares/diagnóstico por imagen , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Displasia Fibrosa Ósea/patología , Humanos , Maxilares/diagnóstico por imagen , Maxilares/patología , Enfermedades Maxilomandibulares/patología , Masculino , Radiografía PanorámicaRESUMEN
A total of 177 records of expert evaluations carried out in 1987-1992 are reviewed, describing 526 cases of defective medical care. The incidence of accusations of medical workers of various specialties is analyzed, as is the incidence of inadequate care at various therapeutic institutions and at different stages of medical care, the outcomes of errors, and structure of errors made at prehospital and hospital stages.
Asunto(s)
Atención a la Salud/legislación & jurisprudencia , Testimonio de Experto/legislación & jurisprudencia , Mala Praxis/legislación & jurisprudencia , Autopsia , Atención a la Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Resultado Fatal , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/patología , Humanos , Masculino , Mala Praxis/estadística & datos numéricos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Calidad de la Atención de Salud/legislación & jurisprudencia , Calidad de la Atención de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
34 children were examined for tumours and tumor-like jaws diseases odontomas, giant cell tumours, fibrous osteodysplasias, epulides, eosinophilic granulomas. Roentgenograms and tomograms of the patients have undergone space filtration on the device for the DAR-2 roentgenogram analysis with separation of the upper and middle space frequencies of the picture. Space filtration separated features of the picture having differentially diagnostic meaning and characterizing the particularities of the tumour structure, it's bone border, alteration of the surrounding soft tissues.
Asunto(s)
Displasia Fibrosa Ósea/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Maxilomandibulares/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Maxilomandibulares/diagnóstico por imagen , Maxilares/diagnóstico por imagen , Intensificación de Imagen Radiográfica/métodos , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Filtración , Humanos , Lactante , MasculinoRESUMEN
A comparative clinico-roentgenological assessment of results of transplantation of auto- and allogenic demineralized transplants in reconstructive operations on the mandible was made in 58 children with the syndrome of the first and second branchial arches aged from 1 to 14 years. It was found that the substitution of the transplants by a new bone tissue was developing similarly. Allogenic bone transplants have a number of advantages over autotransplants: a simpler treatment and modelling the absence of an additional trauma to the child and a shorter duration of the operation.
Asunto(s)
Trasplante Óseo , Región Branquial/cirugía , Mandíbula/anomalías , Adolescente , Alargamiento Óseo , Huesos/metabolismo , Niño , Preescolar , Asimetría Facial/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Mandíbula/cirugía , Minerales , Síndrome , Trasplante Autólogo , Trasplante Homólogo , Cicatrización de HeridasRESUMEN
X-ray examinations by a traditional method in 694 patients with non-complicated compression fractures in the thoraco-lumbar part of the vertebral column do not always give the exact picture of the character of fractures of the vertebral column. The method of optic processing the roentgen picture was used in 30 patients for more detailed analysis of structural changes in the vertebrae bodies. The method allowed to specify structural changes in the vertebra bodies, including the detection of the fracture plane, abruption of a body portion, detection of an additional contour of the limiting plate in its pressing into the vertebra body and the zone of infiltration in the upper portions of the body.
Asunto(s)
Fracturas Óseas/diagnóstico por imagen , Vértebras Lumbares/lesiones , Vértebras Torácicas/lesiones , Absorciometría de Fotón/métodos , Adulto , Anciano , Densidad Ósea , Femenino , Humanos , Vértebras Lumbares/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vértebras Torácicas/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Basing on the evidence obtained at examinations of 37 patients within 15-year follow-up after surgery on the maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses, the authors analyse potentialities and techniques of computed tomography in diagnosis of the developments in operated on paranasal sinuses. CT demonstrated advantages in examination of paranasal sinus walls and soft tissue alterations in them.
Asunto(s)
Senos Etmoidales/diagnóstico por imagen , Seno Maxilar/diagnóstico por imagen , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Senos Etmoidales/patología , Senos Etmoidales/cirugía , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Seno Maxilar/patología , Seno Maxilar/cirugía , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/patología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/cirugía , Factores de Tiempo , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
The paper specifies x-ray picture of surgically treated frontal and maxillary sinuses in uneventful healing without inflammation relapses (30 cases), in relapse of purulent (21 sinuses), purulent-polypous (15 sinuses), polypous (4 sinuses) sinusitis, in pain syndrome in the region of the operated on maxillary sinus projection (7 patients). X-ray symptoms of postoperative changes in the sinuses, varying in clinical course, are characterized.