[Device for high-frequency spatial filtering of roentgenogram images]. / Ustroistvo dlia vysokochastotnoi prostranstvennoi fil'tratsii izobrazheniia rentgenogramm.

The paper describes a device for high-frequency spatial filtering roentgenogram images and its operation. Filtering is accomplished by projecting the diffuse image of the sharp positive on the negative. The device permits us to have three operational stages of image treatment: the image contrast equalization stage, the structure and contour standing out stage, and the distinct and indistinct contour differentiation stage.

[Experience with using anisotropic gradient filtration of tomographic images in the roentgenological diagnosis of diseases of the paranasal sinuses]. / Opyt ispol'zovaniia anizotropnoi gradientnoi fil'tratsii tomogramm v rentgenodiagnostike zabolevanii okolonosovykh pauz.

Radio- and tomogrammes of 335 patients with inflammatory and tumoral pathology of accessory nasal sinus were investigated. Anisotropic gradient filtration of the image, carried out with "Magiskan-2" apparatus was used. The procedure permitted to distinguish small unobstrusive changes in sinal bony tissues, routinely unnoticeable, and characteristic features of shadow structure, facilitating a differential diagnosis of accessory nasal sinus diseases.

[The diagnosis of fractures of the anterior cranial fossa in craniofacial trauma]. / Diagnostika perelomov perednei cherepnoi iamki pri kraniofatsial'noi travme.

The authors examined 436 patients with acute trauma of the upper and middle zones of the visceral cranium. Injury to the anterior cranial fossa was discovered in fractures of the orbitonasal complex, isolated fractures of the upper zone, fractures of the Le Fort II and Le Fort III types, and multiple fractures of the upper and middle zones of the face. Such fractures were found in 158 cases, in 76 of them (48.1%) damage to the anterior cranial fossa was recognized. A relationship was found between the frequency of fractures of the anterior cranial fossa and the type of injury to the bones of the face. The features of injury to the separate structures of the anterior cranial fossa are specified. The modified program of panoramic sonography by means of a Zonark apparatus makes it possible to examine the anterior cranial fossa of a patient in a supine position with a small number of exposures, which makes the examination much easier for the patient.

[Panoramic zonography in the diagnosis of orbital fractures]. / Panoramnaia zonografiia v diagnostike perelomov glanits.

A total of 453 patients with acute injuries of the upper and median zones of the facial skull were examined. The most frequent injury was that to the orbital entrance, fractures of the inferior wall; fractures of the exterior, interior, and anterior walls were less incident, and fractures of the orbital apex were the most rare. Types of the skull bone fractures, associated with injury to the orbital walls, were distinguished. The x-ray semeiotics of injuries to the orbital walls was specified making use of panoramic sonography. Panoramic zonography [correction of sonography] with the use of the Zonark [correction of Sonarc] apparatus helps identify the volume and extension of the injuries on all the orbital walls and is altogether an effective method for the diagnosis of the orbital wall fractures.

[A method for obtaining x-rays of the bones of the nose for the diagnosis of fractures]. / Metodika polucheniia rentgenogramm kostei nosa dlia diagnostiki perelomov.

The author suggests a method for making highly-structured roentgenograms of nasal bones in forensic medical expert examinations of live subjects, involving no x-raying of nasal bones. The method is based on nasal bones imaging in skull bone roentgenography in the lateral projection.

[The x-ray diagnosis of isolated and combined fractures of the naso-orbital area]. / Rentgenologicheskaia diagnostika izolirovannykh i sochetannykh perelomov nazoorbital'noi oblasti.

Fifty-two patients with naso-orbital fractures were examined. Regularities in isolated and multiple injuries of such bones were detected. Specific features of the injuries of individual osseous structures of the naso-orbital complex in various types of fractures were analyzed. Traumatic injuries of this site are characterized by a high incidence of injuries to the frontal sinus walls and to the structures of the anterior segment of the skull. Panoramic sonography better demonstrates the volume and extension of the injuries. Linear tomography in a lateral projection should supplement panoramic sonography, specifying the status of the frontonasal anastomosis, posterior wall of the frontal sinuses, cerebral wall of the ethmoidal labyrinth and the cribriform plate.

[Fractures of the zygomatic bone]. / O perelomakh skulovoi kosti.

Under study were 248 patients with fractures of the upper and middle zone of face including injury of the zygomatic bone. The examination performed has revealed a joint character of the injury of the zygomatic bone and the maxillary sinus walls. The rational grouping of fractures of the zygomatic bone includes isolated fractures of its processes and lower edge of the orbit as well as fractures of the zygomatic-maxillary complex. The panorama zonography is an effective method of diagnosing fractures of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic-maxillary complex.

[The selective spatial filtration of roentgenograms in the forensic medical expertise of stab-cutting wounds]. / Selektivnaia prostranstvennaia fil'tratsiia rentgenogramm pri sudebno-meditsinskoi ékspertize koloto-rezanykh ran.

Investigation of 14 roentgenograms of skin preparations with cut-stab wounds, treated by spatial filtration method in medium and high spatial frequency modes was performed using material of 13 specific cases. This resulted in detection of disturbances of skin pattern left at the area of former skin cone in 7 cases while in 2 cases indistinct heel traces were seen. Changes in skin pattern were not recorded on roentgenograms of skin preparation of 12 experimental cut-stab wounds obtained on cadaveric skin.

[Roentgenological diagnosis of injuries of the tibiofibular syndesmosis]. / Rentgenodiagnostika povrezhdenii mezhbertsovogo sindesmoza.

Under study there were 23 patients without alterations in the area of tibiofibular syndesmosis, 53 patients with isolated injuries and 132 patients with associated injuries in the area of syndesmosis. Roentgenogrammetry (calculation of the tibiofibular index) and special filtration of the roentgenogram picture were performed. Roentgenogrammetric indices of ruptures of syndesmosis and peculiarities of bone injuries at the level of syndesmosis were established.

[X-ray and morphological changes in fibrous osteodysplasias of the jaws in children]. / Rentgenologicheskie i morfologicheskie izmeneniia pri fibroznykh osteodisplaziiakh cheliustei u detei.

Thirty-three children were examined operated on for histologically verified fibrous osteodysplasia. X-ray examinations of the maxilla and mandible were carried out in the nasofrontal and lateral projections, roentgenograms were made in the semiaxial and naso-forehead projections, and intraoral roentgenograms of the teeth and alveolar processes, orthopantomograms of the mandible, and linear tomograms were made. Five variants of an x-ray picture of fibrous dysplasia were distinguished which should be taken into consideration in differential diagnosis.

[Defects in the delivery of medical care to the population and their forensic medical evaluation]. / Defekty okazaniia meditsinskoi pomoshch'iu naseleniiu i ikh sudebno-meditsinskaia otsenka.

A total of 177 records of expert evaluations carried out in 1987-1992 are reviewed, describing 526 cases of defective medical care. The incidence of accusations of medical workers of various specialties is analyzed, as is the incidence of inadequate care at various therapeutic institutions and at different stages of medical care, the outcomes of errors, and structure of errors made at prehospital and hospital stages.

[The use of spatial image filtration in the diagnosis of tumors and tumor-like processes of the jaws in children]. / Primenenie prostranstvennoi fil'tratsii izobrazheniia v diagnostike opukholei i opukholepodobnykh protsessov cheliustei u detei.

34 children were examined for tumours and tumor-like jaws diseases odontomas, giant cell tumours, fibrous osteodysplasias, epulides, eosinophilic granulomas. Roentgenograms and tomograms of the patients have undergone space filtration on the device for the DAR-2 roentgenogram analysis with separation of the upper and middle space frequencies of the picture. Space filtration separated features of the picture having differentially diagnostic meaning and characterizing the particularities of the tumour structure, it's bone border, alteration of the surrounding soft tissues.

[Results of using autologous and demineralized allogeneic bone transplants in reconstructive operations on the mandible in children with the syndrome of the first and second branchial arches]. / Rezul'taty primeneniia auto- i demineralizovannykh kostnykh allotransplantatov pri rekonstruktivnykh operatsiiakh nizhnei cheliusti u detei s sindromom pervoi i vtoroi zhabernykh dug.

A comparative clinico-roentgenological assessment of results of transplantation of auto- and allogenic demineralized transplants in reconstructive operations on the mandible was made in 58 children with the syndrome of the first and second branchial arches aged from 1 to 14 years. It was found that the substitution of the transplants by a new bone tissue was developing similarly. Allogenic bone transplants have a number of advantages over autotransplants: a simpler treatment and modelling the absence of an additional trauma to the child and a shorter duration of the operation.

[Diagnosis of spinal fractures using optical processing of the roentgenologic image]. / Raspoznavanie perelomov pozvonochnika s primeneniem opticheskoi obrabotki rentgenovskogo izobrazheniia.

X-ray examinations by a traditional method in 694 patients with non-complicated compression fractures in the thoraco-lumbar part of the vertebral column do not always give the exact picture of the character of fractures of the vertebral column. The method of optic processing the roentgen picture was used in 30 patients for more detailed analysis of structural changes in the vertebrae bodies. The method allowed to specify structural changes in the vertebra bodies, including the detection of the fracture plane, abruption of a body portion, detection of an additional contour of the limiting plate in its pressing into the vertebra body and the zone of infiltration in the upper portions of the body.

[Computed tomography in the diagnosis of postoperative changes of paranasal sinuses]. / Kompíuternaia tomografiia v diagnostike posleoperatsionnykh izmenenii v okolonosovykh pazukhakh.

Basing on the evidence obtained at examinations of 37 patients within 15-year follow-up after surgery on the maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses, the authors analyse potentialities and techniques of computed tomography in diagnosis of the developments in operated on paranasal sinuses. CT demonstrated advantages in examination of paranasal sinus walls and soft tissue alterations in them.

[Diagnosis of postoperative changes in the frontal and maxillary sinuses]. / Diagnostika posleoperatsionnykh izmenenii v lobnykh i verkhne- cheliustnykh pazukhakh.

The paper specifies x-ray picture of surgically treated frontal and maxillary sinuses in uneventful healing without inflammation relapses (30 cases), in relapse of purulent (21 sinuses), purulent-polypous (15 sinuses), polypous (4 sinuses) sinusitis, in pain syndrome in the region of the operated on maxillary sinus projection (7 patients). X-ray symptoms of postoperative changes in the sinuses, varying in clinical course, are characterized.