[Dioxidin: antimicrobial activity and prospects of its clinical use at present].

In vitro activity of dioxidin against pathogens of nosocomial infections and its cytotoxicity were estimated. The study involved 300 isolates from patients with nosocomial infections. The MICs of dioxidin were determined with the method of serial dilutions in broth. The dioxidin cytotoxicity was investigated with the MTI assay to assign the cell culture viability. In concentrations of 2 to 1024 meg/mi dioxidin was active against 279/300 (93%) strains. The drug inhibited the growth of all the gramnegative isolates. The highest activitywas observed against Enterobacteriaceae vs. nonfermenting gramnegative bacteria: the median, minimum and maximum MICs of dioxidin were 12 (4-32) and 32 (16-64) mcg/ml respectively. The dioxidin activity against gramnegative bacteria and fungi was lower. The MIC of dioxidin for 7/70 (10%) staphylococcal isolates, 9/28 (32%) enterococcal isolates and all the Candida isolates was > 1024 mcg/ml. The IC50 of dioxidin was 2.4+/-0.3 mM (low cytotoxicity). The results showed that the use of dioxidin as an antimicrobial for local application was advisable in the treatment of gramnegative bacterial infections provided adequate tissue concentrations were attained.

MORBIDITY OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM DISEASES OF RESIDENTS FROM RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED AREAS. ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC LOW/DOSE IONIZING RADIATION. / Unable to translit this language. You can translit only UK or RU languages.

OBJECTIVE: to study post-accident levels of illnesses system diseases of residents from radioactively contaminatedareas aged 0-60 years on the date of the Chornobyl accident, and to analyze the effect of chronic low-dose ionizingradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Epidemiological research and analysis of morbidity of circulatory system diseases of resi-dents of radioactively contaminated areas (RCA) has been carried out. The individuals who were studied includedRCA residents aged 0-60 (98, 902 persons) on the date of the Chornobyl accident. The data of the victims' annualmedical examinations during 1988-2016 were received from the State Register of Ukraine (SRU). Detection of thepossible dependence of the development of circulatory system diseases on the effects of ionizing radiation was car-ried out in the range of individual total effective doses ranging from 13-40 mSv and more as accumulated over26 years after the Chornobyl accident. The control group consisted of individuals with a radiation dose of <13 mSv.The statistical analysis of data was performed using the Microsoft Office Excel 2013 software packages. RESULTS: For the entire period of the study, 20,552 cases of circulatory system diseases were detected for the firsttime (ID at 103 person-years is 15.66 ± 0.11), incl. men, respectively, 7,211 cases (12.32 ± 0.14), women - 13,341cases (18.35 ± 0.16). It has been determined that among the circulatory system diseases of RZT residents there isthe most express display of ischemic heart disease, a disease characterized by high blood pressure, including otherheart diseases. The dependence of the levels of morbidity on the diseases of the circulatory system on the sex ofvictims was established. A connection has been established between the development of certain circulatory systemdiseases and the amounts of individual total effective doses of ionizing radiation accumulated over the period of1986-2012. Individual total effective doses of ionizing radiation in men and women in the range of doses of13-40 mSv or more. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of cohort epidemiological studies, there was studied the dynamics of levels of circulatory system diseases among the RCT residents aged 0-60 years on the date of the Chornobyl accident during the observation period of 1988-2016. The overstated levels of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were established in the first twelve post-accident years, especially in the first six years. The highest morbidity rates for circulatory system diseases were identified in women over men. The development of certain circulatory system diseases, both in men and women, in a certain period is associated with the amount of dose of ionizing radiation from radionuclides 134Сs, 137Сs.

[Principles of selective inactivation of the virus genome. IV. The effect of UV-irradiation of phage MS2 on its binding with anti-MS2-immunoglobulins]. / Printsipy selektivnoi inaktivatsii virusnogo genoma. IV. Vliianie UF-oblucheniia faga MS2 na ego sviazyvanie s anti-MS2-immunoglobulinami.

Ultraviolet (254 nm) irradiation of the bacteriophage MS2 results in the decrease of the number of antigenic determinants exposed on the virion surface. The cross-section of the decrease, as measured by the number of anti-MS2 IgG molecules bound per virion, is 10(-16) mm2 per photon. The decrease of the phage-antibody binding proceeds after irradiation with a rate constant of about 5 x 10(-3) min-1. Since the antigenic determinants of the phage MS2 coat protein does not contain photoreactive amino acid residues, the irradiation-induced decrease of the phage antibody binding is determined, most probably, by the shielding of the antigenic determinants. Such shielding could be caused by rearrangement of coat protein molecules and/or of the capsid induced by photomodification of non-antigenic fragments of coat protein and/or of intraphage RNA.

[Endogenous DNases as a tool for isolation of nuclear matrix: critical parameters of nucleolysis]. / Endogennye DNKazy kak instrument polucheniia preparatov iadernogo matriksa: kriticheskie parametry nukleoliza.

Degree of nucleolysis has critical significance for isolation of nuclear matrix (NM) specifically enriched in transcribed DNA sequences as demonstrated at the example of inactive (c-fos, c-myc, and Ck) and active (p53, albumin, and 28S rRNA) genes in resting hepatocytes. Optimal degree of nucleolysis features degradation of loop domains of chromatin with preserved relatively uniform molecular weight distribution of DNA. Deviation from these parameters leads to nonspecific fragmentation of chromatin in various gene loci and isolation of NM samples nonspecifically enriched or depleted of transcribed DNA sequences. Under optimal hydrolytic conditions, the transcribed chromatin is more resistant to endogenous DNase attack, which allows selective conservation of its association with the nuclear matrix.

Dose- and age-dependent cardiovascular mortality among inhabitants of the Chornobyl contaminated areas. 1988-2010 observation period. / Smertnist'' vid hvorob systemy krovoobigu meshkanciv radioaktyvno zabrudnenyh terytorij ukrai'ny vnaslidok avarii' na chaes zalezhno vid doz radiacijnogo oprominennja ta viku. 1988-2010 roky sposterezhennja.

Objective. The goal of this study was to conduct a descriptive epidemiological analysis of cardiovascular disease mortality among people living in contaminated areas of Ukraine with regard for total cumulative effective doses and age at the time of the Chornobyl accident. Materials and methods. Depending on respective total cumulative effective doses for 1986-2010 the people living in contaminated areas of Ukraine were divided into cohorts of those exposed to 5.6-20.99 mSv (cohort 1) and 21.00-50.99 mSv (cohort 2) radiation doses. Each one was stratified by age categories - younger than 18 years old, aged 18-39 and 40-60 respectively. Death rate (ID/10^3 person-years) and mean error (±m) were calculated and Student's test (t) was applied to estimate the mortality from cardiovascular diseases for 1988-2010 period. Results. The significantly higher (ID/10^3 person-years is 8.08 ± 0.10) cardiovascular disease mortality was revealed within 1988-2010 observation period among inhabitants of contaminated areas exposed to 21.00-50.00 mSv total effective radiation doses accumulated over 1986-2010 as compared to that in cohort 1 (ID/10^3 person-years is 6.29 ± 0.06) for the same period. In the age groups (under 18, 18-39 and 40-60 years old) exposed to 21.0-50.0 mSv doses the mortality rate was significantly higher than in the corresponding age groups of the inhabitants with 5.6-20.99 mSv exposure (1.31 ± 0.08 ID/10^3 person-years, 8.50 ± 0.19, 48.95 ± 0.33 vs 0.75 ± 0.04, 5.00 ± 0.11, 23.52 ± 0.24 respectively). In the elder age groups with higher radiation doses the mortality was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in those with lower doses: ID/10^3 person-years was 1.31 ± 0.08 vs. 0.75 ± 0.04 (those under 18 years); 8.50 ± 0.19 vs. 5.00 ± 0,11 (those aged 18-39); 48.95 ± 0.33 vs. 23.54 ± 0.24 (people aged 40-60). Among inhabitants with higher radiation doses the mortality rates for certain groups of cardiovascular diseases (coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, arterial hypertension, diseases of arteries, arterioles and capillaries) were significantly higher compared to those having lower radiation doses. Conclusions. Cardiovascular mortality among inhabitants of contaminated areas of Ukraine is dependent on the total cumulative effective doses and age at the time of the Chornobyl accident. It is proved by a significantly higher (p < 0.05) mortality in people exposed to 21.00-50.0 mSv radiation doses compared to those having 5.6-20.99 mSv exposures. Mortality was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in age groups with higher doses as opposed to those with low ones. Maximum mortality was observed among inhabitants aged 40-60, while the lowest death rate in patients younger than 18 years old. The data obtained also suggest that the radiation factor can be considered here as one accelerating the aging and pathophysiological abnormalities in survivors. Coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, arterial hypertension, diseases of arteries, arterioles and capillaries are the main causes of death from cardiovascular disease in people under investigation.

Radiation dose- and sex-dependent cardiovascular mortality in residents of contaminated areas after the Chornobyl NPP accident, 1988-2010 observation period.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the circulatory system disease death rates for people living in areas contaminated after the Chornobyl accident. Epidemiological estimation covered the post-accident period (1988-2010) and was focused on the relationship between death rates and doses accumulated over 1986-2010 or sex of survivors aged under 60 at the time of the accident. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used data from the State Registry of Ukraine on persons affected by the Chornobyl accident. Residents of contaminated areas were grouped into the two cohorts according to cumulative dose values. Cohort 1 numbered 155,592 people (86,787 females and 68,805 males), their radiation doses were 5.6-20.99 mSv; cohort 2 totaled 98,830 people (52,640 females and 46,190 males) with radiation doses 21.00-50.99 mSv. Mean age (X ± δ) of inhabitants of contaminated areas at the time of the accident (April 26, 1986) was 29.5 ± 23.2 years (30.6 ± 22.3 for women and 28.3 ± 23.2 for men) in the cohort 1, and 28.7 ± 17.3 years (29.8 ± 17.7 and 27.5 ± 16.2 respectively) in the cohort 2). These cohorts were subdivided by sex (males and females). RESULTS: Significantly higher (ID per 103 person-years is 8.08 ± 0.10) cardiovascular mortality was revealed among members of the cohort 2 vs. cohort 1 (ID per 103 person-years is 6.29 ± 0.06). Mortality from cardiovascular diseases in both sex groups of the cohort 2 is higher (ID per 103 person-years is 6.80 ± 0.12 in women and 9.43 ± 0.15 - in men) than that of the cohort 1 (ID per 103 person-years is 5.34 ± 0.08 in women, 7.37 ± 0.10 - in men). Whatever accumulated doses the mortality from circulatory diseases was significantly higher in men vs. women. CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular mortality in population of radiation-contaminated territories depends on the integral radiation exposure and gender. Death rates are clearly higher (p<0.05) in persons having more radiation doses vs. those exposed to less ones. Mortality is significantly higher in males vs. females despite integral radiation doses values. The coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, arterial hypertension, heart diseases, diseases of arteries, arterioles and capillaries) were the main causes of death.