RESUMEN
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is the most common form of autoimmune polyneuropathy. It is a chronic disease and may be monophasic, progressive or recurrent with exacerbations and incomplete remissions, causing accumulating disability. In recent years, there has been rapid progress in understanding the background of CIDP, which allowed us to distinguish specific phenotypes of this disease. This in turn allowed us to better understand the mechanism of response or non-response to various forms of therapy. On the basis of a review of the relevant literature, the authors present the current state of knowledge concerning the pathophysiology of the different clinical phenotypes of CIDP as well as ongoing research in this field, with reference to key points of immune-mediated processes involved in the background of CIDP.