A 10 year old boy with rectal carcinoma.

A 10 year old boy with mucinous carcinoma of rectum is a rare case at this age. Here the patient presented with constipation, mucus in stool & abdominal pain since one month. He got consultation from several physicians & went through sonology of whole abdomen several times. There he was missed diagnosed as a case of pyloric stenosis. We came to a probable diagnosis by doing simple digital rectal examination which seemed to be a hard rectal swelling. The diagnosis was established by colonoscopy followed by biopsy. Carcinoma rectum must be considered as a differential diagnosis if patient presents with altered bowel habit, per rectal bleeding, abdominal pain in conjunction with weight loss.

Leiomyoma of the urinary bladder.

Benign mesenchymal tumors of the bladder are rare and comprise less than 1% of the all bladder neoplasms. Leiomyoma is the most common type and comprises 35% of these tumors. These tumors may develop in submucosal (63%), intramural (7%) or subserosal (30%) layer, at any region of the bladder. The clinical presentation is varied and may include obstructive symptoms(50%), irritative symptoms (38%) and hematuria (11%). There are asymptomatic cases (19%), which make the diagnosis more difficult. Occurs more frequently in women than in men (3:1). The most common diagnostic investigations are ultrasonography, intravenous urography, computerized tomography scan and the magnetic resonance imaging. A 66 year old man presented with long standing voiding obstructive symptoms. Various examinations were performed in the last 2 years and was diagnosed either prostatic enlargement or bladder tumor. Cystoscopy was not available for confirming the diagnosis. The surgical exploration revealed a well-circumscribed mass at the bladder neck with moderate enlargement of the prostate. The pathological examination revealed a leiomyoma of the bladder. The post operative period was uneventful and the patient is doing well, without recurrence of the symptoms.

Root-growth inhibitors from root tips of Zea mays L.

At least two root-growth-inhibiting substances have been detected in extracts of Zea mays root tips. One has chromatographic properties similar to those of abscisic acid (ABA) and is largely confined to the cap. Another, which has not been identified, is present in the root apex but not in the cap. Indole-3yl-acetic acid (IAA) is never detected in the root cap. Xanthoxin may be present in the root tip.