The effect of self-esteem development programme applied to secondary school students on self-esteem and peer bullying victimization: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Self-esteem and peer bullying, which affect the academic success and psychological development of secondary school students, are increasingly becoming a serious problem. AIM: This study was conducted to examine the effect of the Self-Esteem Development Programme applied to secondary school students on self-esteem and peer bullying victimization. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial was conducted with 66 students (intervention = 33, control = 33) studying in the 6th grade at a secondary school. Personal Information Form, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Peer Bullying Identification Scale Adolescent Form were used to collect the data. The intervention group received 8 sessions of Self-Esteem Development Programme in the form of one session per week of 45-60 min; the control group continued their routine education programme. RESULTS: In the study, after the Self-Esteem Development Programme, the mean self-esteem score of the intervention group increased and the mean peer bullying score decreased, and the difference between the groups was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, it can be stated that the Self-Esteem Programme is an effective psychiatric nursing intervention in increasing self-esteem and reducing peer bullying. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICES: Students with low self-esteem are at risk of exposure to peer bullying. This study provides significant evidence for improving the self-esteem and reducing peer bullying among students who are at risk due to low self-esteem and peer bullying. The results of this study demonstrate that the Self-Esteem Development Programme can be utilized to enhance self-esteem and reduce exposure to peer bullying among students. CLINICALTRIALS ID: NCT04737374.

The Effect of a Mindful Self-Compassion Intervention on Burden, Express Emotion and Mental Well-Being in Family Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to examine the impact of a mindful self-compassion intervention on burden, express emotion, and mental well-being in family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. Standardized measures, including the ZARIT Caregiving Burden Scale, Expressed Emotion Scale and Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale, were administered at baseline, post-intervention. Statistical analysis was conducted to assess differences between the two groups. Significant reductions in caregiver burden, expressed emotion, and enhanced mental well-being in the intervention group compared to the control group at post-intervention. The results of this randomized controlled trial indicate that the mindful self-compassion intervention significantly reduces caregiver burden, expressed emotion, and improves mental well-being in family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. These findings underscore the potential utility of mindful self-compassion interventions as effective support for this population, highlighting the importance of integrating such interventions into caregiver support programs.

The Relationship of Functioning and Life Satisfaction with Illness Management and Recovery in Patients with Bipolar Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The aim of this study was to determine relationship between functioning and life satisfaction with illness management and recovery, and determinants of illness management and recovery in patients with bipolar disorder. This descriptive and correlational study was conducted with 152 participants between August 2022 and February 2023. "Personal Information Form", "Illness Management and Recovery Scale", "Functioning Assessment Short Test" and "Adult Life Satisfaction Scale" were used to collecting data. In study, a positive relationship was found between illness management and recovery and total functionality, autonomy, cognitive functionality, interpersonal relationships, and life satisfaction. Gender, marital status, educational status, employment status, total functioning, autonomy, cognitive functioning, interpersonal relationships, and life satisfaction were found to be effective in illness management and recovery. Being female, single, primary school graduate, unemployed, having low functioning (autonomy, cognitive functioning, interpersonal relationships) and having low life satisfaction were found to be determinants of illness management and recovery.

The effect of reminiscence therapy on cognitive level, quality of life and depressive symptoms in older adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that reminiscence therapy can effectively reduce cognitive and psychological symptoms. This study was conducted to examine the effect of individual reminiscence therapy on cognitive level, quality of life and depressive symptoms in older adults with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: This study is an experimental type, randomised controlled study designed in pre-test - post-test design. The sample size of the study consisted of 58 older adults with type 2 diabetes, consisting of 29 intervention and 29 control subjects. The older adults in the intervention group were individually subjected to 5 weeks of reminiscence therapy in two sessions (each session 40-45 min) per week. No intervention was applied to the control group. Personal Information Form, Standardised Mini Mental Test, SF-36 Quality of Life and Beck Depression Inventory were used to collect the data. RESULTS: While there was no significant difference between the pre-test Mini Mental Test, Beck Depression Inventory total score and SF-36 Quality of Life Scale mental and physical health sub-dimension mean scores of the older adults in the intervention group and the mean scores of those in the control group (P > 0.05), the difference between the Mini Mental Test, Beck Depression Inventory total score and SF-36 Quality of Life Scale mental and physical health sub-dimension mean scores of the older adults in the intervention and control groups in the post-test was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). The post-test Mini Mental Test total score, SF-36 Quality of Life Scale mental and physical health sub-dimension mean scores of the older adults in the intervention group were higher than the older adults in the control group. It was determined that the post-test Beck Depression Inventory total mean scores of the older adults in the intervention group were lower than the older adults in the control group. CONCLUSION: Reminiscence therapy can positively affect cognitive levels, quality of life and depression symptoms of older adults living in the community. Individual reminiscence therapy can be used as a nursing intervention in primary healthcare.

The effect of a physical activity intervention on burden and healthy lifestyle behavior in family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia: A randomized controlled trial.

AIM: The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of a physical activity intervention on burden and healthy lifestyle behavior in family caregivers of schizophrenia. METHOD: A randomized, controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of physical activity program on burden and healthy lifestyle behavior in family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. The "Physical Activity Program" consisted of 5 min of warm-up activities as the initial segment, 20 min of rhythmic exercises as the activity segment, 5 min of cool down exercises as the final segment and 30 min of free walking. The program consisted of 8 sessions. The Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale and the Healthy Lifestyle Behavior Scale were applied to the physical activity and control groups ahead of the program's implementation. A total of 60 caregivers were randomly distributed to the intervention (n = 30) and control groups (n = 30). Post-intervention measurement was completed by 60 caregivers and all the caregivers completed the intervention. RESULTS: Significant differences were found on the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale score and Healthy Lifestyle Behavior score between the groups. CONCLUSION: Future research should examine with larger sample groups, carry out interventions, and apply the physical activity intervention by targeting caregivers, along with different interventions.

Effect of physical activity program applied to patients with Alzheimer's disease on cognitive functions and depression level: a randomised controlled study.

BACKGROUND: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effect of a physical activity program applied to Alzheimer's disease patients on cognitive functions and depression. METHOD: This study is a randomised controlled study designed in a pre-test post-test design. It was conducted with 72 patients in total, 36 of whom were interventions and 36 were controls, at the Alzheimer's Day Life Centre. In data collection, a personal information form prepared by the researchers, questioning the socio-demographic characteristics of individuals, Mini Mental Test and Cornell Dementia Depression Scale were used. In the analysis of the data, the homogeneity between the groups in terms of independent variables was evaluated by performing a Chi-square analysis. In the evaluation of cognitive functions and depression levels of the experimental and control groups, t-test was used in the dependent and independent groups. Statistical significance level was accepted as P < 0.05. RESULTS: In the study, the cognitive functions of the experimental group, in which a 12-week physical activity program was applied, were higher than the control group and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). Similarly, the depression scale mean score of the experimental group was found to be better than the depression level of the individuals in the control group, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The 12-week physical activity program applied to Alzheimer's disease patients improved cognitive functions and depression levels of individuals.

Relationship of Depression, Hopelessness and Life Satisfaction With Death Anxiety in Individuals Who Have Had COVID-19.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between depression, hopelessness and life satisfaction with death anxiety and the determinants of death anxiety in individuals who have had COVID-19. This descriptive and correlational study was conducted with 402 adult individuals. Personal Information Form, Thorson-Powell Death Anxiety Scale, Beck Depression Scale, Beck Hopelessness Scale and Satisfaction with Life Scale were used to collect the data. In the study, a positive relationship was found between death anxiety and depression and hopelessness, and a negative relationship was found between death anxiety and life satisfaction (p < .001). As a result, being female, having undergraduate or graduate education, having high levels of depression and hopelessness and low life satisfaction were found to be determinants of death anxiety.

Effect of emotional awareness skills training on emotional awareness and communication skills in patients with schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine the effect of emotional awareness skills training on emotional awareness and communication skills in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial was conducted with 44 patients with schizophrenia (22 in the intervention group and 22 in the control group) registered at a community mental health center. The personal information form, Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and communication skills scale-adult form were used to collect patient data. The emotional awareness skills training was implemented once a week for 8 weeks. RESULTS: After the training, the mean scores of the "Difficulty Identifying Feelings" and "Difficulty Describing Feelings" subscales of TAS-20 decreased and the mean scores of the communication skills scale-adult form increased in the intervention group; the difference between the groups was statistically significant. While there was no difference between the groups in the initial measurements, a significant difference was found between the mean scores of "Difficulty Identifying Feelings" and "Difficulty Describing Feelings" in the intervention group and a significant difference was found in both groups between the subscales of "Basic Skills and Personal (Self) Expression", "Willingness to Communicate", "Caring Communication" and "Active Listening and Non-Verbal Communication" and the total mean score after the intervention. CONCLUSION: Based on the study results, it can be concluded that emotional awareness skills training is an effective psychiatric nursing intervention that improves emotional awareness and communication skills. NCT05038927.

The Relationship Between the Perceived Social Support and Psychological Resilience in Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia.

The present study aimed to explore the relationship between perceived social support and psychological resilience levels of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. The study was designed as a descriptive relational study and conducted in Community Mental Health Center. Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were used for data collection. There were significant, positive and high correlations between RSA and MSPSS. Findings of this study may be referenced in the development of resilience-based nursing caring models in the future.

The effect of reminiscence therapy on cognitive functions, depression, and quality of life in Alzheimer patients: Randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer is a disease leading to various neuropsychiatric behavioral disorders, and the most common symptom observed during the prognosis of Alzheimer's disease is dysmnesia. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of reminiscence therapy on cognitive functions, depression, and quality of life in Alzheimer's patients. METHODS: The present study was a randomized controlled single blind study with two groups, which was designed in the experimental pretest-posttest pattern in the city of Konya, Turkey. It was decided to include a total of 60 elderly individuals. Information form that evaluated socio-demographic characteristics and disease history of individuals in intervention and control groups and was developed by the researcher. Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE), Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, and the Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease (QOL-AD) Scale were used to collect the data. Reminiscence therapy was applied once a week and lasted for 8 weeks. Every session took 60 minutes. Groups consisted of six people. RESULTS: Mini-Mental Test, depression, and quality of life mean scores of the elderly in intervention group before reminiscence therapy program increased after the administration, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In the intergroup comparison, a significant difference was found between elderly individuals' posttest Mini-Mental Test, depression, and quality of life mean scores (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that regular reminiscence therapy should be considered for inclusion as routine care for the improvement of cognitive functions, depressive symptoms, and quality of life in elderly people with Alzheimer.

Relationship Between Caregiving Burden and Anger Level in Primary Caregivers of Individuals With Chronic Mental Illness.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was answer to the question: to what extent are the anger of the caregivers of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and their perceived level of burden are related? METHOD: The study is a descriptive and correlational study. The information form prepared by the researchers which questions the socio-demographic information of the individuals along with the "Caregiving Burden Inventory" which examines the burden of the caregiver as well as "Trait Anger and Anger Expression Style Scale (TAAES)" which determines the anger levels of the caregivers were used. RESULTS: The caregiving burdens of the caregivers according to the score averages were determined as 11.88±9.78 for time and dependency burden, 11.93±8.46 for developmental burden, 8.47±6.63 for physical burden, 5.61±5.26 for social burden, 6.29±5.25 for emotional burden and the total burden score was determined as 44.19±26.75. According to the trait anger and anger expression style scale score averages; trait anger was determined as 15.12±5.95, anger expression as 9.70±3.43, anger-in as 15.22±4.02, anger control as 28.05±5.57 and anger total score average as 68.11±9.97. CONCLUSION: According to the results obtained from this study, caregivers of schizophrenia patients experience developmental, physical, social and emotional burdens in addition to trait anger. The caregivers of schizophrenia patients need knowledge and support in order to control the burden and the anger they experience during the caregiving process.

The Effect of a Physical Activity Intervention on Burden and Depressive Symptoms in Depressed Family Caregivers of Patients With Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a 12-week physical activity intervention for caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. METHOD: Family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia were recruited and randomized into either a physical activity group (n = 31) or a control group (n = 31). The 12-week "Physical Activity Program" consisted of 10 minutes of warm-up activities as the initial segment, 20 minutes of rhythmic exercises as the activity segment, 10 minutes of cool-down exercises as the final segment, and 40 minutes of free walking. The physical activity program was designed to accommodate the ergonomics and physiological structure of the caregiver. The program consisted of 12 sessions. The Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory were used to the physical activity and control groups before the program's implementation. RESULTS: A total of 62 caregivers were randomized to the intervention (n = 31) or control group (n = 31). Postintervention measurement was completed by 61 caregivers, and all the caregivers completed the intervention. Mean scores of Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale score and Beck Depression Inventory score in the physical activity group of caregivers at postintervention, significantly reduced at <.05 level than their mean baseline scores. CONCLUSIONS: Engagement in a 12-week physical activity intervention can improve the perceived burden of caregiving and symptoms of depression. Future research should examine with larger sample groups, carry out interventions, and apply the physical activity intervention by targeting caregivers, along with different interventions.

Determinants of nursing students' inclination to ethical values: Compassionate love and perceived social support from the family.

BACKGROUND: Since professional values and the associated behaviors constitute the basis of practice in nursing, which is a profession based on professional ethics and ethical values, it is important to determine the inclination of nurses and nursing students to ethical values and the associated factors. AIM: In this study, it was aimed to determine nursing students' levels of inclination to ethical values, compassionate love and perceived social support from the family, to examine the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics, compassionate love and perceived social support from family and inclination to ethical values, and the determining factors affecting the inclination to ethical values. DESIGN: This is a descriptive relational study. METHODS: The study was conducted with 558 students studying at the faculty of nursing between April-June 2022. The data were collected face-to-face using the Personal Information Form, Inclination to Ethical Values Scale, Compassionate Love Scale, and Scale of Perceived Social Support from Family. RESULTS: It was found that there was a positive and significant relationship between compassionate love and perceived social support from the family and the level of inclination to ethical values, and that the mean scores of compassionate love (ß = 0.882) and perceived social support from the family (ß = 0.623) explained 89.3% of the change in the level of inclination to ethical values. CONCLUSIONS: It was observed that males, freshman students, those with illiterate parents and students who did not take courses on ethics were in the risky group in terms of inclination to ethical values, and that sociodemographic characteristics, compassionate love and perceived social support from the family were the determinants of inclination to ethical values.

Feelings, thoughts and experiences of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: Caregivers have different experiences in the patient care process during which the role of providing care is fulfilled. AIM: The aim of this study was to provide data on the feelings, thoughts and experiences of the caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. METHOD: In this study, the phenomenological method was used. RESULTS: The results of this study revealed the following themes: meaning of schizophrenia, the meaning of being caregiver, life before being caregiver, feeling of patients' relatives, difficult areas while providing care, coping situations and metaphors produced by the caregivers. CONCLUSION: The results obtained from the study revealed that the caregivers of patients with schizophrenia need information about the mental illness and have a higher emotional burden. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Nurses should listen to caregivers' experiences, inquire about the experience of caregivers regarding patient care and advise caregivers on how to take care of their patients.

Effects of the cognitive stimulation therapy based on Roy's adaptation model on Alzheimer's patients' cognitive functions, coping-adaptation skills, and quality of life: A randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: This study aims to specify the effects of Cognitive Stimulation Therapy based on Roy's adaptation model (RAM) on Alzheimer's patients' coping and adaptation skills, cognitive functions, and quality of life (QOL). DESIGN AND METHODS: This is an experimental and randomized controlled trial. Patients in the experimental group received cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) based on RAM. FINDINGS: The cognitive function level of the experimental group was found to be higher than that of the control group at the end of the measurements (performed in the 7th week); the difference was found to be statistically significant (P < .05). In the experimental group, dimensions of troubleshooting and focusing, making physical decisions, attention processing, systematizing, learning, and establishing relationships were found to be better than those of the control group after the application, and the difference was found to be statistically significant (P < .05). However, after the application, QOL of the experimental group was found to be better than that of the control group following the measurements; the difference was found to be statistically significant (P < .05). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Psychiatric nurses should evaluate the patients using Standardize Mini-Mental Test Examination before applying RAM-based CST, and they should apply CST to early- and mid-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients at the end of the evaluation and work with groups consisting of six persons at most. Since the cognitive functions of individuals with AD decline from the first stage, coping-adaptation, and QOL levels will also be affected, so it is recommended to evaluate the cognitive functions, coping-adjustment and QOL levels of individuals before applying RAM-based CST. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02229474.

Effects of Physical Activity Program on cognitive function and sleep quality in elderly with mild cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial.

AIM: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of a 20-week Physical Activity Program for elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) on their cognitive functions and sleep quality. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial research design was used in this experimental pretest-posttest study. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0. RESULTS: This study showed that the Physical Activity Program improved the cognitive functions and sleep quality of elderly individuals (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION AND PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The findings of this study showed that the cognitive functions and sleep quality of elderly individuals improved thanks to a 20-week Physical Activity Program. It is recommended that physical activities should be included in nursing interventions for elderly people with MCI.

Pilot testing of the "First You Should Get Stronger" program among caregivers of older adults with dementia.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, randomized controlled interventional study pattern was used to examine the effects of the "First You Should Get Stronger" program on the caregiving burden and healthy life style behavior of caregivers of dementia patients. METHODS: "Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale" and "Healthy Life Style Behavior Scale" were used. The study was completed with 40 caregivers in total with 20 in the intervention group and 20 in the control group. A statistically significant difference was determined between the "Zarit Caregiving Burden Scale" and "Healthy Life Style Behavior Scale" score averages of the intervention group that participated in the "First You Should Get Stronger" program in comparison with those of the control group. RESULTS: It is important for the healths of caregivers to include similar programs for the caregivers of dementia patients in continuous and regular applications. DISCUSSION: The results highlight the importance of the "First You Should Get Stronger" program significantly decreased the caregiving burden and significantly developed the healthy lifestyle behaviors of caregivers in the intervention group. Since dementia is a difficult neurological syndrome with patients cared at home, it generally wears out the caregivers significantly. It is suggested that the nurses and healthcare professionals working with dementia patients are evaluated separately and that they carry out caregiving applications within the scope of the "First You Should Get Stronger" program.

The effect of physical activity on depressive symptoms and quality of life among elderly nursing home residents: Randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: Physical activity may have positive effects on decreasing anxiety, stress and depression, maintaining mental health and ensuring psychological vitality.This study aimed to determine how a "Physical Activity Program" for elderly people in nursing homes affected their depressive symptoms and quality of life. METHODS: We included 80 individuals aged >65years (40 in the intervention group, 40 controls) in this experimental, randomized, controlled pretest-posttest study. Besides socio-demographic data, depressive symptoms and quality of life were assessed by standardized procedures (Beck Depression Scale [BDI], SF 36 Quality of Life Questionnaire) before and after a ten-weeks lasting "Physical Activity Program", consisting of 10min warm-up activities, 20 mintes rhythmic exercices, 10min cool-down exercises and a 30 mintes free walking period on four days of the week. RESULTS: In contast to controls, individuals of the intervention group presented with a significant decrease in the BDI after the "Physical Activity Program". Likewise, eight-subscales and two sub-dimensions of the SF 36 Quality of Life Questionnaire significantly improved only in the experimental group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that a structured physical activity program positively impacts depressive symptoms and quality of life in elderly individuals.