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1.
Cell ; 175(5): 1185-1197.e22, 2018 11 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30415837

RESUMEN

We report genome-wide ancient DNA from 49 individuals forming four parallel time transects in Belize, Brazil, the Central Andes, and the Southern Cone, each dating to at least ∼9,000 years ago. The common ancestral population radiated rapidly from just one of the two early branches that contributed to Native Americans today. We document two previously unappreciated streams of gene flow between North and South America. One affected the Central Andes by ∼4,200 years ago, while the other explains an affinity between the oldest North American genome associated with the Clovis culture and the oldest Central and South Americans from Chile, Brazil, and Belize. However, this was not the primary source for later South Americans, as the other ancient individuals derive from lineages without specific affinity to the Clovis-associated genome, suggesting a population replacement that began at least 9,000 years ago and was followed by substantial population continuity in multiple regions.


Asunto(s)
Genética de Población/historia , Genoma Humano , América Central , ADN Antiguo/análisis , ADN Mitocondrial/genética , Flujo Génico , Historia Antigua , Humanos , Modelos Teóricos , América del Sur
2.
Nature ; 570(7760): 236-240, 2019 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31168094

RESUMEN

Much of the American Arctic was first settled 5,000 years ago, by groups of people known as Palaeo-Eskimos. They were subsequently joined and largely displaced around 1,000 years ago by ancestors of the present-day Inuit and Yup'ik1-3. The genetic relationship between Palaeo-Eskimos and Native American, Inuit, Yup'ik and Aleut populations remains uncertain4-6. Here we present genomic data for 48 ancient individuals from Chukotka, East Siberia, the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, and the Canadian Arctic. We co-analyse these data with data from present-day Alaskan Iñupiat and West Siberian populations and published genomes. Using methods based on rare-allele and haplotype sharing, as well as established techniques4,7-9, we show that Palaeo-Eskimo-related ancestry is ubiquitous among people who speak Na-Dene and Eskimo-Aleut languages. We develop a comprehensive model for the Holocene peopling events of Chukotka and North America, and show that Na-Dene-speaking peoples, people of the Aleutian Islands, and Yup'ik and Inuit across the Arctic region all share ancestry from a single Palaeo-Eskimo-related Siberian source.


Asunto(s)
Migración Humana/historia , Inuk/clasificación , Inuk/genética , Filogenia , Filogeografía , África , Alaska , Alelos , Regiones Árticas , Asia Sudoriental , Canadá , Europa (Continente) , Genoma Humano/genética , Haplotipos , Historia Antigua , Humanos , Análisis de Componente Principal , Siberia/etnología
3.
Ann Hum Biol ; 48(3): 191-202, 2021 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34459345

RESUMEN

CONTEXT: The peopling of Europe by modern humans is a widely debated topic in the field of modern and ancient genomics. While several recent syntheses have focussed on this topic, little has been discussed about the genetic history of populations in the continent's surrounding regions. OBJECTIVE: We explore genetic transformations in three key areas that played an essential role in the formation of the European genetic landscape through time, focussing on the periods spanning from the Epipalaeolithic/Mesolithic and up until the Iron Age. METHODS: We review published ancient genomic studies and integrate the associated data to provide a quantification and visualisation of major trends in the population histories of the Near East, the western Eurasian Steppe and North East Europe. RESULTS: We describe cross-regional as well as localised prehistoric demographic shifts and discuss potential research directions while highlighting geo-temporal gaps in the data. CONCLUSION: In recent years, archaeogenetic studies have contributed to the understanding of human genetic diversity through time in regions located at the doorstep of Europe. Further studies focussing on these areas will allow for a better characterisation of genetic shifts and regionally-specific patterns of admixture across western Eurasia.


Asunto(s)
ADN Antiguo/análisis , Flujo Génico , Genoma Humano , Migración Humana , Animales , Asia , Europa (Continente) , Genómica , Humanos , Medio Oriente
4.
PeerJ ; 9: e10947, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33777521

RESUMEN

The broadening utilisation of ancient DNA to address archaeological, palaeontological, and biological questions is resulting in a rising diversity in the size of laboratories and scale of analyses being performed. In the context of this heterogeneous landscape, we present an advanced, and entirely redesigned and extended version of the EAGER pipeline for the analysis of ancient genomic data. This Nextflow pipeline aims to address three main themes: accessibility and adaptability to different computing configurations, reproducibility to ensure robust analytical standards, and updating the pipeline to the latest routine ancient genomic practices. The new version of EAGER has been developed within the nf-core initiative to ensure high-quality software development and maintenance support; contributing to a long-term life-cycle for the pipeline. nf-core/eager will assist in ensuring that a wider range of ancient DNA analyses can be applied by a diverse range of research groups and fields.

6.
Curr Biol ; 30(11): 2078-2091.e11, 2020 06 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32359431

RESUMEN

The forced relocation of several thousand Africans during Mexico's historic period has so far been documented mostly through archival sources, which provide only sparse detail on their origins and lived experience. Here, we employ a bioarchaeological approach to explore the life history of three 16th century Africans from a mass burial at the San José de los Naturales Royal Hospital in Mexico City. Our approach draws together ancient genomic data, osteological analysis, strontium isotope data from tooth enamel, δ13C and δ15N isotope data from dentine, and ethnohistorical information to reveal unprecedented detail on their origins and health. Analyses of skeletal features, radiogenic isotopes, and genetic data from uniparental, genome-wide, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) markers are consistent with a Sub-Saharan African origin for all three individuals. Complete genomes of Treponema pallidum sub. pertenue (causative agent of yaws) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) recovered from these individuals provide insight into their health as related to infectious disease. Phylogenetic analysis of both pathogens reveals their close relationship to strains circulating in current West African populations, lending support to their origins in this region. The further relationship between the treponemal genome retrieved and a treponemal genome previously typed in an individual from Colonial Mexico highlights the role of the transatlantic slave trade in the introduction and dissemination of pathogens into the New World. Putting together all lines of evidence, we were able to create a biological portrait of three individuals whose life stories have long been silenced by disreputable historical events.


Asunto(s)
ADN Antiguo/análisis , Personas Esclavizadas/historia , Estado de Salud , Hepatitis B/historia , Buba/historia , Adulto , Arqueología , Población Negra/historia , Virus de la Hepatitis B/aislamiento & purificación , Historia del Siglo XVI , Humanos , Masculino , México , Treponema/aislamiento & purificación , Adulto Joven
7.
Nat Commun ; 11(1): 1915, 2020 04 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32313080

RESUMEN

Genetic studies of Neolithic and Bronze Age skeletons from Europe have provided evidence for strong population genetic changes at the beginning and the end of the Neolithic period. To further understand the implications of these in Southern Central Europe, we analyze 96 ancient genomes from Switzerland, Southern Germany, and the Alsace region in France, covering the Middle/Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age. Similar to previously described genetic changes in other parts of Europe from the early 3rd millennium BCE, we detect an arrival of ancestry related to Late Neolithic pastoralists from the Pontic-Caspian steppe in Switzerland as early as 2860-2460 calBCE. Our analyses suggest that this genetic turnover was a complex process lasting almost 1000 years and involved highly genetically structured populations in this region.


Asunto(s)
ADN Antiguo , Evolución Molecular , Genética de Población/historia , Genoma Humano/genética , Arqueología , ADN Mitocondrial/genética , Europa (Continente) , Francia , Alemania , Historia Antigua , Humanos , Suiza , Población Blanca/genética
8.
Science ; 369(6502): 456-460, 2020 07 24.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32499399

RESUMEN

The Caribbean was one of the last regions of the Americas to be settled by humans, but where they came from and how and when they reached the islands remain unclear. We generated genome-wide data for 93 ancient Caribbean islanders dating between 3200 and 400 calibrated years before the present and found evidence of at least three separate dispersals into the region, including two early dispersals into the Western Caribbean, one of which seems connected to radiation events in North America. This was followed by a later expansion from South America. We also detected genetic differences between the early settlers and the newcomers from South America, with almost no evidence of admixture. Our results add to our understanding of the initial peopling of the Caribbean and the movements of Archaic Age peoples in the Americas.


Asunto(s)
Genética de Población , Migración Humana , Región del Caribe , Etnicidad/genética , Genómica , Humanos
9.
Nat Commun ; 9(1): 5018, 2018 11 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30479341

RESUMEN

European population history has been shaped by migrations of people, and their subsequent admixture. Recently, ancient DNA has brought new insights into European migration events linked to the advent of agriculture, and possibly to the spread of Indo-European languages. However, little is known about the ancient population history of north-eastern Europe, in particular about populations speaking Uralic languages, such as Finns and Saami. Here we analyse ancient genomic data from 11 individuals from Finland and north-western Russia. We show that the genetic makeup of northern Europe was shaped by migrations from Siberia that began at least 3500 years ago. This Siberian ancestry was subsequently admixed into many modern populations in the region, particularly into populations speaking Uralic languages today. Additionally, we show that ancestors of modern Saami inhabited a larger territory during the Iron Age, which adds to the historical and linguistic information about the population history of Finland.


Asunto(s)
Genealogía y Heráldica , Genoma Humano , Arqueología , Femenino , Finlandia , Genética de Población , Geografía , Humanos , Masculino , Análisis de Componente Principal , Siberia
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