Chromosome-level genome provides insight into the evolution and conservation of the threatened goral (Naemorhedus goral).

BACKGROUND: Gorals Naemorhedus resemble both goats and antelopes, which prompts much debate about the intragenus species delimitation and phylogenetic status of the genus Naemorhedus within the subfamily Caprinae. Their evolution is believed to be linked to the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). To better understand its phylogenetics, the genetic information is worth being resolved. RESULTS: Based on a sample from the eastern margin of QTP, we constructed the first reference genome for Himalayan goral Naemorhedus goral, using PacBio long-read sequencing and Hi-C technology. The 2.59 Gb assembled genome had a contig N50 of 3.70 Mb and scaffold N50 of 106.66 Mb, which anchored onto 28 pseudo chromosomes. A total of 20,145 protein-coding genes were predicted in the assembled genome, of which 99.93% were functionally annotated. Phylogenetically, the goral was closely related to muskox on the mitochondrial genome level and nested into the takin-muskox clade on the genome tree, rather than other so-called goat-antelopes. The cladogenetic event among muskox, takin and goral occurred sequentially during the late Miocene (~ 11 - 5 Mya), when the QTP experienced a third dramatic uplift with consequent profound changes in climate and environment. Several chromosome fusions and translocations were observed between goral and takin/muskox. The expanded gene families in the goral genome were mainly related to the metabolism of drugs and diseases, so as the positive selected genes. The Ne of goral continued to decrease since ~ 1 Mya during the Pleistocene with active glaciations. CONCLUSION: The high-quality goral genome provides insights into the evolution and valuable information for the conservation of this threatened group.

Heteroepitaxial Growth to Construct Hexagonal/Hexagonal ß-NaYF4:Yb,Tm/Cs4PbBr6 Multi-Code Emitting Core/Shell Nanocrystals.

Synthesis of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs)-metal halide perovskites (MHPs) heterostructure is garnered immense attentions due to their unparalleled photophysical properties. However, the obvious difference in their structural forms makes it a huge challenge. Herein, hexagonal ß-NaYF4 and hexagonal Cs4PbBr6 are filtrated to construct the UCNP/MHP heterostructural luminescent material. The similarity in their crystal structures facilitate the heteroepitaxial growth of Cs4PbBr6 on the surface of ß-NaYF4 NPs, leading to the formation of high-quality ß-NaYF4:Yb,Tm/Cs4PbBr6 core/shell nanocrystals (NCs). Interestingly, this heterostructure endows the core/shell NCs with typically narrow-band green emission centered at 524 nm under 980 nm excitation, which should be attributed to the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from Tm3+ to Cs4PbBr6. It is noteworthy that the FRET efficiency of ß-NaYF4:Yb,Tm/Cs4PbBr6 core/shell NCs (58.33%) is much higher than that of the physically mixed sample (1.84%). In addition, the reduced defect density, lattice anchoring effect, as well as diluted ionic bonding proportion induced by the core/shell structure further increase the excellent water-resistance and thermal cycling stability of Cs4PbBr6. These findings open up a new way to construct UCNP/MHP heterostructure with better multi-code luminescence performance and stability and promote its wide optoelectronic applications.

Surface and Interface Engineering for Highly Stable CsPbBr3/ZnS Core/Shell Nanocrystals.

Shelling with chalcogenides on the surface of lead halide perovskite (LHP) nanocrystals (NCs) is believed to be an effective approach to increase their stability under high-moisture/aqueous conditions, which is important for LHP NC-based optoelectronic devices. However, it is still a challenge to prepare high-quality LHP/chalcogenide core/shell NCs with moisture/aqueous stability. In this work, a surface-defect-induced strategy is carried out to facilitate the adsorption of Br- ions and subsequently Zn2+ ions to preform a bipolar surface, which reduces the energy barrier at the CsPbBr3/ZnS interface and promotes the epitaxial growth of the ZnS shell layer. The aqueous stability of the as-received NCs shows an increase of over 12 times compared to that of the original one. Likewise, Mn2+ ions are introduced to further reduce the geometric symmetry mismatch and defect density at the CsPbBr3/ZnS interface. Interestingly, aqueous stability characterizations illustrate negligible degradation even after 230 min of ultrasonication, suggesting their outstanding stability. This work proposes an effective approach to prepare high-quality LHP/chalcogenide core/shell NCs, which possess great potential in the fabrication of stable optoelectronic devices.

Two-Dimensional Hybrid Perovskite with High-Sensitivity Optical Thermometry Sensors.

Optical thermometry has gained significant attention due to its remarkable sensitivity and noninvasive, rapid response to temperature changes. However, achieving both high absolute and relative temperature sensitivity in two-dimensional perovskites presents a substantial challenge. Here, we propose a novel approach to address this issue by designing and synthesizing a new narrow-band blue light-emitting two-dimensional perovskite named (C8H12NO2)2PbBr4 using a straightforward solution-based method. Under excitation of near-ultraviolet light, (C8H12NO2)2PbBr4 shows an ultranarrow emission band with the full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of only 19 nm. Furthermore, its luminescence property can be efficiently tuned by incorporating energy transfer from host excitons to Mn2+. This energy transfer leads to dual emission, encompassing both blue and orange emissions, with an impressive energy transfer efficiency of 38.3%. Additionally, we investigated the temperature-dependent fluorescence intensity ratio between blue emission of (C8H12NO2)2PbBr4 and orange emission of Mn2+. Remarkably, (C8H12NO2)2PbBr4:Mn2+ exhibited maximum absolute sensitivity and relative sensitivity values of 0.055 K-1 and 3.207% K-1, respectively, within the temperature range of 80-360 K. This work highlights the potential of (C8H12NO2)2PbBr4:Mn2+ as a promising candidate for optical thermometry sensor application. Moreover, our findings provide valuable insights into the design of narrow-band blue light-emitting perovskites, enabling the achievement of single-component dual emission in optical thermometry sensors.

In Situ Self-Assembled 1D/3D Mixed-Dimensional Perovskite Heterostructures for Efficient White Light Emission.

Mixed-dimensional perovskite (MDP) heterostructures are promising optoelectronic semiconductors. Yet, the current preparation methods involve complex experimental procedures and material compatibility constraints, limiting their widespread applications. Here, we present a one-step room temperature solution-based approach to synthesize a range of 1D C4N2H14PbBr4 and 3D APbBr3 (A = Cs+, MA+, FA+) self-assembled MDP heterostructures exhibiting high-efficiency white light-emitting properties. The ultra-broadband emission results from the synergy between the self-captured blue broadband emission from 1D perovskites and the green emission of 3D perovskites, covering the entire visible-light spectrum with a full width at half-maximum exceeding 170 nm and a remarkable photoluminescence quantum yield of 26%. This work establishes a novel prototype for the preparation of highly luminescent MDP heterostructures, offering insights for future research and industrialization in the realm of white light LEDs.

New Fiberoptic Choledochoscopy-guided Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscope Lithotomy Combined with Dual-frequency Laser Lithotripsy for the Treatment of Intractable Hepatolithiasis.

Objective: To investigate the clinical effects of new fiberoptic cholangioscopy-guided percutaneous transhepatic choledochoscope lithotomy (PTCSL) combined with dual-frequency laser lithotripsy for the treatment of intractable hepatolithiasis. Methods: Eighty patients with intractable hepatolithiasis who received treatment in the Second Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine from December 2020 to December 2022 were grouped according to the surgical methods. Forty-two patients who received hepatectomy were divided into the control group, 38 patients who received new fiber-optic choledochoscope-guided PTCSL combined with dual-frequency laser lithotripsy were divided into the observation group, and the treatment results of the two groups were compared. Results: The operation time, postoperative pain duration, and hospital stay of the observation group were significantly shorter than those of the control group, and intraoperative bleeding was significantly lower than that of the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < .05). Seven days after surgery, the total bilirubin (TBIL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and albumin (ALB) levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < .05). The stone residual rate of 7.89% in the observation group was significantly lower than that of 26.19% in the control group (χ2=4.625, P < .05). The difference in biliary bleeding rate between the two groups was not statistically significant (χ2=0.427, P > .05). Conclusion: Overall results of new fiber-optic choledochoscope-guided PTCSL combined with dual-frequency laser lithotripsy for the treatment of intractable hepatolithiasis.

Interfacial engineering of halide perovskites and two-dimensional materials.

Recently, halide perovskites (HPs) and layered two-dimensional (2D) materials have received significant attention from industry and academia alike. HPs are emerging materials that have exciting photoelectric properties, such as a high absorption coefficient, rapid carrier mobility and high photoluminescence quantum yields, making them excellent candidates for various optoelectronic applications. 2D materials possess confined carrier mobility in 2D planes and are widely employed in nanostructures to achieve interfacial modification. HP/2D material interfaces could potentially reveal unprecedented interfacial properties, including light absorbance with desired spectral overlap, tunable carrier dynamics and modified stability, which may lead to several practical applications. In this review, we attempt to provide a comprehensive perspective on the development of interfacial engineering of HP/2D material interfaces. Specifically, we highlight the recent progress in HP/2D material interfaces considering their architectures, electronic energetics tuning and interfacial properties, discuss the potential applications of these interfaces and analyze the challenges and future research directions of interfacial engineering of HP/2D material interfaces. This review links the fields of HPs and 2D materials through interfacial engineering to provide insights into future innovations and their great potential applications in optoelectronic devices.

Downregulation of circ-STK39 suppresses pancreatic cancer progression by sponging mir-140-3p and regulating TRAM2-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is amongst the most lethal gastrointestinal tumors, which is the seventh leading reason of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Previous studies have indicated that circular RNAs (circRNAs), which is a new type of endogenous noncoding RNA (ncRNA), can mediate tumor progression in diverse tumor types including PC. Whereas precise roles regarding circRNAs and their underlying regulatory mechanisms in PC remain unknown. METHODS: In the current study, we employed next generation sequencing (NGS) to characterize abnormally expressed circRNAs among PC tissues. Next, we assessed expression levels of one identified circRNA, circ-STK39, in PC cell lines and tissues. Then, using bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter, Transwell migration, EdU and CCK-8 assays, we examined the regulatory mechanisms and targets of circ-STK39. Finally, our group explored the circ-STK39 role in PC tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. RESULTS: Our team discovered that circ-STK39 expression increased in PC tissues and cells, suggesting that circ-STK39 may have a role in PC progression. Downregulation of circ-STK39 inhibited PC proliferation and migration. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter outcomes demonstrated that TRAM2 and miR-140-3p were circ-STK39 downstream targets. TRAM2 overexpression reversed the miR-140-3p overexpression effects upon migration, proliferation and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). CONCLUSION: In this regard, we showed that circ-STK39 downregulation led to decreased migration, proliferation and the EMT of PC via the miR-140-3p/TRAM2 axis.

Wrapping gastroduodenal artery stump with the teres hepatis ligament to prevent postpancreatectomy hemorrhage after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

BACKGROUND: Gastroduodenal artery (GDA) stump erosion hemorrhage is a fatal complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy. This study aimed to determine whether GDA stump wrapping with the teres hepatis ligament during pancreaticoduodenectomy decreased the incidence of postpancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH). METHODS: We reviewed 307 patients who had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy between March 2019 and June 2022. The patients were divided into two groups according to application of GDA stump wrapping with the teres hepatis ligament: GDA wrapping group (165 patients) and no-wrapping group (142 patients). The perioperative data were compared between the groups. RESULTS: The clinical characteristics were balanced between the two groups. Grades B and C PPH and GDA-stump-related hemorrhage were significantly reduced in the GDA wrapping group compared with the no-wrapping group (PPH B/C, 13.4% vs 6.1%, P = 0.029; GDA hemorrhage, 5.6% vs 0.6%, P = 0.014). No difference was observed in the incidence of clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula, biliary leak, intra-abdominal abscess, delayed gastric emptying, 90-day mortality, and postoperative hospital stay between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Wrapping GDA stump with the teres hepatis ligament reduced the incidence of GDA-stump-related PPH. Therefore, the wrapping technique is a simple and effective strategy to prevent PPH. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the benefit of this procedure.

Multimode Luminescence Tailoring and Improvement of Cs2 NaHoCl6 Cryolite Crystals via Sb3+ /Yb3+ Alloying for Versatile Photoelectric Applications.

Lead-free halide double perovskites are currently gaining significant attention owing to their exceptional environmental friendliness, structural adjustability as well as self-trapped exciton emission. However, stable and efficient double perovskite with multimode luminescence and tunable spectra are still urgently needed for multifunctional photoelectric application. Herein, holmium based cryolite materials (Cs2 NaHoCl6 ) with anti-thermal quenching and multimode photoluminescence were successfully synthesized. By the further alloying of Sb3+ (s-p transitions) and Yb3+ (f-f transitions) ions, its luminescence properties can be well modulated, originating from tailoring band gap structure and enriching electron transition channels. Upon Sb3+ substitution in Cs2 NaHoCl6 , additional absorption peaking at 334 nm results in the tremendous increase of photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). Meanwhile, not only the typical NIR emission around 980 nm of Ho3+ is enhanced, but also the red and NIR emissions show a diverse range of anti-thermal quenching photoluminescence behaviors. Furthermore, through designing Yb3+ doping, the up-conversion photoluminescence can be triggered by changing excitation laser power density (yellow-to-orange) and Yb3+ doping concentration (red-to-green). Through a combined experimental-theoretical approach, the related luminescence mechanism is revealed. In general, by alloying Sb3+ /Yb3+ in Cs2 NaHoCl6 , abundant energy level ladders are constructed and more luminescence modes are derived, demonstrating great potential in multifunctional photoelectric applications.

Tunable Dual Emission in Bi3+/Te4+-Doped Cs2HfCl6 Double Perovskites for White Light-Emitting Diode Applications.

Multicolor-emission-based single-phase white light derived from different luminescence centers is an effective way to manipulate the optical properties of halide perovskites. In this work, we developed a codoping strategy to incorporate Bi3+ and Te4+ emission centers into all-inorganic lead-free Cs2HfCl6 perovskite by a hydrothermal method. The as-prepared Bi3+/Te4+-doped Cs2HfCl6 microcrystals show bright blue (Bi3+), yellow (Te4+), and warm-white emissions (Bi3+/Te4+), respectively. The broad efficient dual emission in Bi3+/Te4+ co-doped Cs2HfCl6 is assigned to the typical 3P1 → 1S0 transition emission from Bi3+ originating from [BiHf + VCl] and self-trapped excitons (STEs) from Te4+. Moreover, the concentration-optimized Cs2HfCl6:Te4+ shows excellent antiwater stability and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of ∼70%. Meanwhile, a white light-emitting diode (WLED) fabricated using Bi3+/Te4+ co-doped Cs2HfCl6 is close to warm white with a color rendering index (CRI) of 75.4, CIE color coordinate of (0.370, 0.393), and a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 4380 K. These results suggest that Bi3+/Te4+ co-doped all-inorganic lead-free Cs2HfCl6 is a potential single-phase white light-emitting phosphor candidate for solid-state lightings.

The role of AURKA/miR-199b-3p in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies proved that AURKA functions as an oncogene in several cancers. This article aimed to probe the miRNA-induced regulatory mechanism of AURKA in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Differentially expressed genes in TCGA-LIHC dataset were screened by bioinformatics methods. Levels of miR-199b-3p and AURKA mRNA were examined by qRT-PCR. Western blot was utilized to evaluate protein levels of AURKA, p-AKT, and AKT. Dual-luciferase assay was introduced to explore their interaction. MTT, colony formation, scratch healing, transwell, and flow cytometry assays were introduced into cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis assessment. The impact of miR-199b-3p/AURKA axis on HCC tumor growth was determined in a tumor xenograft model. RESULTS: We found that AURKA was highly expressed in HCC and was coupled to poor prognosis of HCC. As manifested by cellular assays, compared to the normal cells HL-7702, AURKA presented notably high expression in HCC cell lines. Overexpressed AURKA evidently impelled the proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells while suppressing apoptosis. The regulatory gene upstream of AURKA was predicted to be miR-199b-3p by bioinformatics method, and there was a markedly negative correlation between the two. Overexpressed miR-199b-3p constrained HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while fostering apoptosis, which could be counteracted by upregulating AURKA. MiR-199b-3p repressed the tumor growth in vivo by targeting AURKA and affected PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: To summarize, this study implied the regulatory mechanism of miR-199b-3p/AURKA axis in HCC, and supplied optional therapeutic targets for HCC patients.

Identification of Immune-Related Markers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Gene Co-expression Network.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related death throughout the world, with constant increasing morbidity and mortality. Existing studies suggest that immunotherapy is beneficial to the treatment of advanced HCC. At present, it is imperative to identify biomarkers suitable for HCC immunotherapy. In this paper, the mRNA expression data of HCC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas, and Stromal Score, Immune Score and ESTIMATE Score of each sample were calculated. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis clustered the pretreated genes into eight modules. The brown module that was remarkably associated with Immune Score was identified by module eigengene-immune trait analysis, in which genes were mainly enriched in immune-related pathways. Four hub genes (CCR5, CD53, ITGB2, and TYROBP) related to tumor immunity, were screened out by intramodular gene connectivity combined with protein-protein interaction network topology analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis presented a correlation between high expression of CCR5 and CD53, and better prognoses of HCC patients. TIMER analysis revealed a positive correlation between expression of each hub gene and immune cell infiltration level, and a positive correlation between the expression of each hub gene and the expression of immunosuppressive factors CTLA4 and PDCD1. Gene set enrichment analysis displayed that there was an evident difference in the activation of cytokines and the activation of immune signal transduction-related pathways between high- and low-expression groups of each hub gene. In conclusion, this study identified four potential genetic markers associated with HCC immunity and assessed their association with HCC patient's prognosis and immune microenvironment. The study results are expected to provide theoretical guidance for immunotherapy of HCC patients.

Core-Shell Structured Upconversion/Lead-Free Perovskite Nanoparticles for Anticounterfeiting Applications.

In view of their excellent luminescence properties, nanocrystalline metal halide perovskites have diverse optoelectronic applications, including those related to anticounterfeiting. However, high-quality optical anticounterfeiting typically requires multiple encryptions relying on several optical modes to ensure information security. Herein, an efficient anticounterfeiting strategy based on dual optical encryption is realized by combining up- and downconversion luminescence in a nanocomposite with NaYF4 : Er3+ ,Yb3+ as core and a CsMnCl3 as shell. The emission color of this nanocomposite depends on the penetration depth of incident radiation and can be changed by varying the excitation source (980 nm laser or UV light) to produce different luminescent patterns. This feature allows one to effectively improve the anticounterfeiting index and fabricate professional anticounterfeiting materials.

High vimentin expression with E-cadherin expression loss predicts a poor prognosis after resection of grade 1 and 2 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with malignant behaviors that can develop from inert slow growth or low malignancy to aggressive metastasis during follow-up. Recently, vimentin and E-cadherin were shown to be prognostic markers in some malignant tumors but were not evaluated in pNETs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression and prognostic significance of vimentin and E-cadherin in grade 1 and 2 pNETs. METHODS: A retrospective review of 227 patients with grade 1 and 2 pNETs undergoing surgical resection was conducted. Tumor specimens were immunohistochemically stained for vimentin and E-cadherin. Correlations between vimentin and E-cadherin expression and other clinicopathological features were then analyzed. Furthermore, overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier and univariate and multivariate Cox regression methods. RESULTS: Among 227 patients, 55 (24.2%) harbored tumors with high vimentin expression, while 117 (51.5%) harbored tumors with loss of E-cadherin expression. Patients with high vimentin expression and loss of E-cadherin expression had significantly elevated risks of lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, perineural invasion and an advanced American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage compared with those with low vimentin expression and preserved E-cadherin expression, high vimentin expression and preserved E-cadherin expression, or low vimentin expression and loss of E-cadherin expression. Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that high vimentin expression with loss of E-cadherin expression was an independent predictor of OS and DFS in patients with grade 1 and 2 pNETs who underwent resection (both P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The current study demonstrated that high vimentin expression with loss of E-cadherin expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, disease progression and a poor prognosis in patients with grade 1 and 2 pNETs who underwent resection.

Simultaneous Broadening and Enhancement of Cr3+ Photoluminescence in LiIn2 SbO6 by Chemical Unit Cosubstitution: Night-Vision and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Detection Applications.

Near-infrared (NIR)-emitting phosphor materials have been extensively developed for optoelectronic and biomedical applications. Although Cr3+ -activated phosphors have been widely reported, it is challenging to achieve ultra-broad and tunable NIR emission. Here, a new ultra-broadband NIR-emitting LiIn2 SbO6 :Cr3+ phosphor with emission peak at 965 nm and a full-width at half maximum of 217 nm is reported. Controllable emission tuning from 965 to 892 nm is achieved by chemical unit cosubstitution of [Zn2+ -Zn2+ ] for [Li+ -In3+ ], which can be ascribed to the upshift of 4 T2g energy level due to the strengthened crystal field. Moreover, the emission is greatly enhanced, and the FWHM reaches 235 nm. The as-prepared luminescent tunable NIR-emitting phosphors have demonstrated the potential in night-vision and NIR spectroscopy techniques. This work proves the feasibility of chemical unit cosubstitution strategy in emission tuning of Cr3+ -doped phosphors, which can stimulate further studies on the emission-tunable NIR-emitting phosphor materials.

Solvatochromic Photoluminescent Effects in All-Inorganic Manganese(II)-Based Perovskites by Highly Selective Solvent-Induced Crystal-to-Crystal Phase Transformations.

The development of lead-free perovskite photoelectric materials has been an extensive focus in the recent years. Herein, a novel one-dimensional (1D) lead-free CsMnCl3 (H2 O)2 single crystal is reported with solvatochromic photoluminescence properties. Interestingly, after contact with N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) or N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), the crystal structure can transform from 1D CsMnCl3 (H2 O)2 to 0D Cs3 MnCl5 and finally transform into 0D Cs2 MnCl4 (H2 O)2 . The solvent-induced crystal-to-crystal phase transformations are accompanied by loss and regaining of water of crystallization, leading to the change of the coordination number of Mn2+ . Correspondingly, the luminescence changes from red to bright green and finally back to red emission. By fabricating a test-paper containing CsMnCl3 (H2 O)2 , DMAC and DMF can be detected quickly with a response time of less than one minute. These results can expand potential applications for low-dimensional lead-free perovskites.

Highly Sensitive Dual-Mode Optical Thermometry in Double-Perovskite Oxides via Pr3+/Dy3+ Energy Transfer.

As increasing demand for noncontact temperature sensing, the development of a high-performance optical thermometer probe is more and more urgent. In this work, an efficient dual-mode optical thermometry strategy based on the Pr3+/Dy3+ energy transfer (ET) in some typical double-perovskite oxides is presented, which offers a promising way to design FIR/lifetime dual-mode optical thermometry with excellent temperature-measuring sensitivity and signal discrimination. According to this strategy, double-perovskite La2MgTiO6:Pr3+/Dy3+ phosphors are successfully synthesized. On the basis of diverse thermal responses between Pr3+ and Dy3+, the FIR of Pr3+ to Dy3+ (four FIR mode) in this material displays outstanding optical thermometry performance from 298 to 548 K. The maximum absolute and relative sensitivities (Sa and Sr) of mode 1 are 0.09 and 2.357% K-1, being better than the current optical temperature measurement materials. For the fluorescence lifetime mode, the Sa-max and Sr-max values reach 2.85 × s 10-4 and 1.814% K-1. Furthermore, the dual-mode optical thermometry mechanism was presented and studied. It also demonstrated excellent optical thermometry performance in the other Pr3+/Dy3+ codoped double-perovskite oxides, such as LaMg0.598Nb0.402O3, NaLa(MoO4)2, NaGd(MoO4)2, and NaLa(WO4)2, proving the universality of the presented strategy. This article presents an effective Pr3+/Dy3+ ET pathway for developing new and highly sensitive FIR/lifetime dual-mode optical temperature sensing materials.

Highly Efficient Cyan-Green Emission in Self-Activated Rb3RV2O8 (R = Y, Lu) Vanadate Phosphors for Full-Spectrum White Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs).

Phosphor-converted white-light-emitting diodes (pc-WLEDs) rely on combining a near-ultraviolet (n-UV) or blue chip with trichromatic and yellow-emitting phosphors. It is challenging to discover cyan-green-emitting (480-520 nm) phosphors for compensating the spectral gap and producing full-spectrum white light. In this work, we successfully discovered two unprecedented bright cyan-green emitting Rb3RV2O8 (R = Y, Lu) phosphors that gives emission bands centered at 500 nm upon 362 nm n-UV light excitation. Interestingly, the both self-activated compounds exhibit high internal quantum efficiencies (IQEs) of 71% for Rb3YV2O8 and 85% for Rb3LuV2O8, respectively. Moreover, controllable emission color can be successfully tuned from cyan-green to orange-red across the warm white light region by design strategy of VO43- → Eu3+ energy transfer. The thermal quenching of as-prepared phosphors could be effectively mitigated by this design strategy. Finally, the as-fabricated n-UV (λex = 370 nm) pumped phosphor-converted (pc) W-LED devices utilizing Rb3RV2O8 (R = Y, Lu) along with commercial phosphors demonstrate well-distributed warm white light with high color-rendering index (CRI) of 91.9 and 93.5, and a low correlated color temperature (CCT) of 5095 and 4946 K. It suggests that the both vanadate phosphors have potential applications in full-spectrum pc-WLEDs.

Macaca leonina has a wider niche breadth than sympatric M. mulatta in a fragmented tropical forest in southwest China.

Niche differentiation has long been identified as an essential stabilizing mechanism for the coexistence of sympatric species. Using camera trapping data obtained during 2012-2016, we identified Macaca leonina and M. mulatta as the dominant macaque species in the Naban River Watershed National Nature Reserve (NRW-NNR), a tropical forest in southwestern China. In general, M. leonina exhibited a wider distribution and greater niche breadth than co-occurring M. mulatta. According to a fitted maximum entropy model (MaxEnt), M. leonina was predicted to predominantly occur in forest at higher elevation, whereas M. mulatta was predicted at lower elevation; the broadleaved evergreen forest was predicted as the most suitable vegetation for both species to inhabit, while the unsuitable area was bordered by rubber plantation, in which both food scarcity and human disturbance restricted the movement of macaques. Although the niches of these two species highly overlapped across space and time, we also found evidence for their spatiotemporal niche differentiation. When the two species inhabited independent areas with different elevations and vegetation, they maintained a similar activity pattern; however, in the zones of overlap, their activity patterns differed significantly. Further comparative field studies of these two macaques, considering other niche dimensions, are required to ensure their coexistence and long-term conservation.