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1.
Int Microbiol ; 2023 Dec 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38062211

RESUMEN

Aeromonas salmonicida is the typical pathogen causing furunculosis, reported widely in salmonids. Because of multiple serotypes, the control of A. salmonicida-caused disease has increasingly received much attention. Recently, A. salmonicida infection was reported in non-salmonid fish species. Here, a pathogenic A. salmonicida, named as As-s, was isolated from cultured snakehead (Channa argus) in a local fish farm in Shandong, China. As-s displayed clear hemolysis, amylase, and positive catalase activities, and grew at a wide range of temperatures (10-37 °C) and pH values (5.5-8.5). As-s was highly sensitive to cefuroxime sodium, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, piperacillin, and cefoperazone and also apparently sensitive to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and 25% cinnamaldehyde. The Virulence array protein gene cloning' results suggested that As-s has this gene compared with the other two vapA-containing strains, despite a close relationship of these strains via phylogenetic analysis. Severe ulcers on skin, muscle, and abnormal liver, and hemorrhage in pectoral/ventral fins and anal region were observed, and exophthalmos were also noticed in infected juvenile snakehead, as well as necrosis and infiltration of blood cells emerged in the internal organs using pathological section. In addition, As-s caused high mortality in snakehead, consistently with its immune gene response. This study reports the first isolation of vapA-absent A. salmonicida in snakehead.

2.
Diabetes Obes Metab ; 20(3): 718-722, 2018 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28941313

RESUMEN

Different strategies are increasingly used for early intervention in prediabetes in China, but the effects of these strategies on incident diabetes have not yet been confirmed. The aim of the present study was to assess systematically the effects of different strategies for preventing diabetes, aimed at Chinese people with prediabetes. Seven electronic databases were searched to identify eligible trials published from inception to September 20, 2016. Randomized controlled trials with a minimum follow-up duration of 6 months were included. Standard pairwise meta-analysis with a random-effects model and network meta-analysis with a frequentist framework were performed. A total of 63 studies, including 11 intervention strategies, were included. Compared with placebo, all strategies, except for lipid-affecting drugs and sitagliptin, reduced the rate of incident diabetes with different levels of effectiveness, ranging from 0.18 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.12, 0.27) to 0.39 (95% CI 0.20, 0.75). Ranking probability analysis indicated that metformin and ß-cell-stimulating drugs reduced the risk of diabetes most, with probabilities of 87.4% and 81%, respectively. Ethnicity and cultural factors should be considered for diabetes prevention. Most of the included trials were of poor methodological quality, however, and the results should be interpreted with caution.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevención & control , Dieta Saludable/métodos , Terapia por Ejercicio/métodos , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , China , Terapia Combinada , Humanos , Metaanálisis en Red , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto
3.
Chem Commun (Camb) ; 60(67): 8924-8927, 2024 Aug 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39092786

RESUMEN

A supramolecular naphthalenediimide radical anion was developed through host-guest interactions between NDI and cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]), which can be greatly promoted in the presence of chloride ions to obtain Cl˙ and NDI-2CB[7]˙-. Under the synergistic action of Cl˙ as a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) agent and NDI-2CB[7]˙- transferring electrons to O2 to produce O2˙-, the photocatalytic oxidation reactions of alkylarenes to carbonyls can be realized with universal applicability.

4.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 31(13): 19779-19794, 2024 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38366319

RESUMEN

Comprehending the spatial-temporal characteristics, contributions, and evolution of driving factors in agricultural non-CO2 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at a macro level is pivotal in pursuing temperature control objectives and achieving China's strategic goals related to carbon peak and carbon neutrality. This study employs the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) carbon emissions coefficient method to comprehensively evaluate agricultural non-CO2 GHG emissions at the provincial level. Subsequently, the contributions and spatial-temporal evolution of six driving factors derived from the Kaya identity were quantitatively explored using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) and Geographical and Temporal Weighted Regression (GTWR) methods. The results revealed that the distribution of agricultural non-CO2 GHG emissions is shifting from the central provinces to the northwest regions. Moreover, the dominant driving factors of agricultural non-CO2 GHG emissions were primarily economic factor (EDL) with positive impact (cumulative promotion is 2939.61 million metric tons (Mt)), alongside agricultural production efficiency factor (EI) with negative impact (cumulative reduction is 2208.98 Mt). Influence of EDL diminished in the eastern coastal regions but significantly impacted underdeveloped regions such as the northwest and southwest. In the eastern coastal regions, EI gradually became the absolute dominant driver, demonstrating a rapid reduction effect. Additionally, a declining birth rate and rural-to-urban population migration have significantly amplified the driving effects of the population factor (RP) at a national scale. These findings, in conjunction with the disparities in geographic and socioeconomic development among provinces, can serve as a guiding framework for the development of a region-specific roadmap aimed at reducing agricultural non-CO2 GHG emissions.


Asunto(s)
Gases de Efecto Invernadero , Agricultura , Dióxido de Carbono/análisis , China , Carbono , Efecto Invernadero
5.
Huan Jing Ke Xue ; 45(8): 4512-4519, 2024 Aug 08.
Artículo en Zh | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39168671

RESUMEN

To explore the prevalence and source of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) and pathogenic antibiotic resistant bacteria (PARB) associated with bioaerosols in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), metagenomic sequencing and assembly were applied to elucidate the antibiotic resistome of bioaerosols and wastewater in WWTPs. The results showed that more subtypes of ARGs and a higher abundance of PARB were found in bioaerosols from WWTPs and downwind than those from upwind. Multidrug and macB were respectively the most dominant type and subtype of ARGs in bioaerosols from WWTPs. In total, 37 types of PARB carried at least two or more ARG types and were characterized by multiple drug resistance. At the fine grid, aerated tank, and sludge dewatering room, wastewater was the main source of bioaerosol ARGs and PARB. A total of 32 PARB were easily aerosolized in at least one wastewater treatment unit, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. This study will provide theoretical support for the risk assessment and health protection of antibiotic resistant pollution associated with bioaerosols from WWTPs.


Asunto(s)
Aerosoles , Microbiología del Aire , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos , Aguas Residuales , Aguas Residuales/microbiología , Aerosoles/análisis , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genética , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/aislamiento & purificación , Genes Bacterianos , Escherichia coli/aislamiento & purificación , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana/genética , Antibacterianos , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/genética , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/genética , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/genética
6.
World J Gastrointest Oncol ; 16(8): 3635-3650, 2024 Aug 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39171177

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Curcumin originates from the natural herb turmeric, and its antitumor effects have been known about for a long time. However, the mechanism by which curcumin affects gastric cancer (GC) has not been elucidated. AIM: To elucidate the potential mechanisms of curcumin in the treatment of GC. METHODS: Network pharmacological approaches were used to perform network analysis of Curcumin. We first analyzed Lipinski's Rule of Five for the use of Curcumin. Curcumin latent targets were predicted using the PharmMapper, SwissTargetPrediction and DrugBank network databases. GC disease targets were mined through the GeneCard, OMIM, DrugBank and TTD network databases. Then, GO enrichment, KEGG enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI), and overall survival analyses were performed. The results were further verified through molecular docking, differential expression analysis and cell experiments. RESULTS: We identified a total of 48 curcumin-related genes with 31 overlapping GC-related targets. The intersection targets between curcumin and GC have been enriched in 81 GO biological processes and 22 significant pathways. Following PPI analysis, 6 hub targets were identified, namely, estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 (CYP3A4), mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14), cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2 (CYP1A2), and cytochrome p450 family 2 subfamily B member 6 (CYP2B6). These factors are correlated with decreased survival rates among patients diagnosed with GC. Molecular docking analysis further substantiated the strong binding interactions between Curcumin and the hub target genes. The experimental findings demonstrated that curcumin not only effectively inhibits the growth of BGC-823 cells but also suppresses their proliferation. mRNA levels of hub targets CYP3A4, MAPK14, CYP1A2, and CYP2B6 in BGC-823 cells were significantly increased in each dose group. CONCLUSION: Curcumin can play an anti-GC role through a variety of targets, pathways and biological processes.

7.
Anal Methods ; 16(42): 7121-7129, 2024 Oct 31.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39311407

RESUMEN

Although enrofloxacin (ENR) is a widely used broad-spectrum antibiotic in veterinary medicine, its residues in animals can pose a risk to human health. Thus, we developed a new method for detecting ENR based on aptamers and AuNPs. In the absence of ENR, the aptamers attached to the surface of the AuNPs via electrostatic interactions to protect the AuNPs from NaCl, and the solution remained red. Conversely, the aptamer bonded with ENR, leading the aptamer to detach from the AuNP surface, and the color of the solution changed from red to blue. Based on this principle, ENR can be qualitatively detected by the naked eye and quantitatively detected by measuring the absorbance ratio at 650 nm and 530 nm. The experimental results showed a good linear relationship within the ENR concentration range of 0-400 nM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.72 nM, which is satisfactory for detection in food safety. Additionally, this method has also been successfully applied to the detection of ENR in tap water, river water, milk, serum and urine, with good recovery rates and RSD values of less than 7%, indicating its great potential for ENR detection in environmental water samples. More importantly, the combination of this method with a smartphone platform provided great convenience for on-site and visual detection of ENR, offering promising applicability prospects.


Asunto(s)
Aptámeros de Nucleótidos , Colorimetría , Enrofloxacina , Oro , Nanopartículas del Metal , Oro/química , Enrofloxacina/análisis , Colorimetría/métodos , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Aptámeros de Nucleótidos/química , Animales , Límite de Detección , Antibacterianos/análisis , Antibacterianos/orina , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/sangre , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Leche/química , Humanos , Técnicas Biosensibles/métodos
8.
Chem Commun (Camb) ; 59(89): 13301-13304, 2023 Nov 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37859495

RESUMEN

An artificial light-harvesting system (ALHS) was developed in aqueous solution by employing the electrostatic co-assembly of a tetraphenylethylene derivative modified with two sulfonate groups (TPE-BSBO) and hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (PEI) as the energy donors, and 4,7-bis(2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (DBT) as the energy acceptors. The ALHS exhibits not only high efficiency in energy transfer and conversion but also a significant enhancement in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially superoxide anion radicals (O2˙-), facilitating its utilization in photocatalytic oxidation reactions.

9.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces ; 15(48): 55803-55812, 2023 Dec 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37983520

RESUMEN

In recent years, there has been a notable surge of interest in the fields of organic and pharmaceutical research about photocatalysts (PCs) and photosensitizers (PSs). In this study, a 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) molecule adorned with quaternary ammonium (TMB) functionality was meticulously designed and synthesized. This compound has remarkable characteristics such as exceptional water solubility, great optical qualities, and commendable photostability. It can form a 1:1 complex (TMB-CB[7]) with cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) through host-guest interactions in the aqueous solution and shows obvious fluorescence enhancement. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) including superoxide anion radical (O2·-) and singlet oxygen (1O2) generation ability of TMB-CB[7] were promoted compared with that of TMB in the aqueous solution. More interestingly, the ROS generated from TMB-CB[7] can be used as PCs for aerobic cross dehydrogenation coupling reactions and photooxidation reactions in water with high yields of 89 and 95%, respectively. Therefore, the utilization of a host-guest PS presents a novel and environmentally friendly approach for conducting photocatalyzed organic processes under ambient conditions using visible light.

10.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 29(26): 39164-39181, 2022 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35098458

RESUMEN

Despite the apparent improvement in air quality in recent years through a series of effective measures, the concentration of PM2.5 and O3 in Chengdu city remains high. And both the two pollutants can cause serious damage to human health and property; consequently, it is imperative to accurately forecast hourly concentration of PM2.5 and O3 in advance. In this study, an air quality forecasting method based on random forest (RF) method and improved ant colony algorithm coupled with back-propagation neural network (IACA-BPNN) are proposed. RF method was used to screen out highly correlated input variables, and the improved ant colony algorithm (IACA) was adopted to combine with BPNN to improve the convergence performance. Two datasets based on two different kinds of monitoring stations along with meteorological data were applied to verify the performance of this proposed model and compared with another five plain models. The results showed that the RF-IACA-BPNN model has the minimum statistical error of the mean absolute error, root mean square error, and mean absolute percentage error, and the values of R2 consistently outperform other models. Thus, it is concluded that the proposed model is suitable for air quality prediction. It was also detected that the performance of the models for the forecasting of the hourly concentrations of PM2.5 were more acceptable at suburban station than downtown station, while the case is just the opposite for O3, on account of the low variability dataset at suburban station.


Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Atmosféricos , Contaminación del Aire , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Contaminación del Aire/análisis , Algoritmos , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Predicción , Humanos , Redes Neurales de la Computación , Material Particulado/análisis
11.
J Int Med Res ; 50(2): 3000605221079544, 2022 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35184606

RESUMEN

Dizziness is an atypical symptom of the nervous system. Many neurological disorders can manifest as dizziness. When patients have multiple neurological disorders, the most obvious diagnosis is often considered, and diseases that are potentially more deadly are overlooked. Here, we report the case of a man aged in his early 50s with dizziness who was found to have four neurological disorders. A series of treatments failed to resolve the condition. A review of this case highlights that when a patient's symptoms are not typical, a comprehensive examination and evaluation is required to determine the etiology, and imaging may reveal further minor problems.


Asunto(s)
Glioma , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Anciano , Glioma/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Masculino
12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36193144

RESUMEN

Objective: This research aimed at better understanding the histopathological development of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PLGC) and organelle ultrastructure changes. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the model and control groups. Model rats drank N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine solution, while control rats drank pure water ad libitum. At 1, 3, 5, 6, and 8 months after the start of feeding, eight rats were randomly chosen from each group, and gastric mucosa tissues were removed for histopathological analysis. H&E staining was applied to analyze the pathological histological structure of the rat gastric mucosa via a light microscope, and the ultrastructural changes were observed via a transmission electron microscope. Results: Gastric mucosal pathologies of model rats such as mucosal atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, inflammatory lesions, and even intraepithelial neoplasia deteriorated over time. The endoplasmic reticulum gap widened, the mitochondrial endothelial cristae were disrupted, the nuclear membrane thickened, and chromatin condensed with heterotypic alterations in the main and parietal cells. Additionally, endothelial cell enlargement and thickening of the microvascular intima were seen. Conclusion: Our research showed that the PLGC progression of rats is correlated with the pathological alteration axis of "normal gastric mucosa-gastric mucosa inflammatory changes-intestinal metaplasia with mild dysplasia-moderate to severe dysplasia." Ultrastructure analysis of model rats is compatible with the structural changes in the gastric mucosa with spleen deficiency and blood stasis. The pathological evolutionary axis and ultrastructural analysis are helpful for evaluating potential novel herbal therapies for PLGC.

13.
Front Pharmacol ; 13: 884822, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36210831

RESUMEN

Chinese herbal medicines offer a rich source of anti-cancer drugs. Differences between the pharmacology of Chinese herbal medicines and modern synthetic chemicals hinder the development of drugs derived from herbal products. To address this challenge, novel omics approaches including transcriptomics, proteomics, genomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics have been applied to dissect the pharmacological benefits of Chinese herbal medicines in cancer treatments. Numerous Chinese herbal medicines have shown potential anti-tumor effects on different gastrointestinal (GI) cancers while eliminating the side effects associated with conventional cancer therapies. The present study aimed to provide an overview of recent research focusing on Chinese herbal medicines in GI cancer treatment, based on omics approaches. This review also illustrates the potential utility of omics approaches in herbal-derived drug discovery. Omics approaches can precisely and efficiently reveal the key molecular targets and intracellular interaction networks of Chinese herbal medicines in GI cancer treatment. This study summarizes the application of different omics-based approaches in investigating the effects and mechanisms of Chinese herbal medicines in GI cancers. Future research directions are also proposed for this area of study.

14.
Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online ; 66(Pt 9): o2351, 2010 Aug 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21588694

RESUMEN

In the title compound, C(11)H(12)N(2)O(2), the dihydro-pyrazole and benzene rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 68.35 (5)°. The dihydro-pyrazole ring is planar, with a mean deviation from the mean plane of 0.0409 Å. The crystal structure is stabilized by O-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

15.
Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi ; 36(6): 544-551, 2020 Nov.
Artículo en Zh | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33719255

RESUMEN

Objective: To explore the relationship between heart rate deflection point (HRDP) and blood lactate recovery ability and lung function of healthy people aged 20~40 years old in a plateau environment of 3 200 m. Methods: 225 healthy people aged 20~40 who lived on a plateau of 3 200 m were used as the research subjects. The HRDP strength, heart rate recovery ability and blood lactate recovery ability were evaluated by the changes of heart rate and blood lactate recovery before, during and after the modified Conconi test. Results: ①The heart rate of the subjects increased with the increase in exercise intensity, and the heart rate of the recovery period after exercise showed a downward trend, the rate of Conconi test center was significantly lower in male than that in female(P< 0.05). At the same age, male HRDP appeared later, and female HRDP appeared earlier. At the same sex stage, the time of HRDP appeared earlier in the male group with increasing age, while the phenomenon in the female group was not significant. HRDP speed had a downward trend with age. ②The inflection point concentration of blood lactic acid in the subjects gradually decreased with age, but there was no significant difference between the low-age group and the high-age group; the blood lactic acid level in the Conconi test of healthy adult males living on the plateau was significantly lower than that of females(P<0.05). ③FVC, MVV, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC levels in each gender group showed a downward trend with age, and the data of the male group and above were significantly higher than the female group of the same age (P<0.05). ④Load-Heart Rate curve and Heart Rate-Blood Lactate fitting curve showed that the correlation coefficients of the male group were 0.8345, 0.8954, 0.8680, and 0.8892 in sequence; the correlation coefficients of the female group were in sequence 0.9318, 0.9661, 0.9663 and 0.9599. HRDP values of all genders and age groups were significantly correlated with their MVV levels (P<0.05). Except for subjects 36~40 years old in the male group, lung function and lactate elimination rate of all genders and age groups were also significantly correlated (P<0.05). Conclusion: There are age and gender differences in exercise heart rate response rules and respiratory system functions of healthy people aged 20~40 years old living on 3 200 m plateau. There is a significant correlation between HRDP and lactic acid recovery capacity and lung function. The above indicators can be used to assess the aerobic exercise endurance ability of healthy adults living on plateau.


Asunto(s)
Umbral Anaerobio , Ácido Láctico , Prueba de Esfuerzo , Femenino , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Pulmón , Masculino
16.
Onco Targets Ther ; 13: 8109-8124, 2020.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32884294

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Conventional immunotherapy for glioma is not only expensive but also demonstrates less-than-desired clinical efficacy. In this study, we evaluated the immunotherapeutic efficacy of a tumor cell lysate-based hybrid glioma vaccine developed using a molecular-based approach. METHODS: First, the ability of the autologous (9L-cell lysate) and allogeneic (C6-cell lysate) vaccines against glioma, individually and in combination, to activate Fischer344 rat dendritic cells (DCs) was determined. Next, the activated DCs were co-cultured with T lymphocytes and screened for the optimal DC-to-T-cell ratio. The in vitro efficacy of the DC/T-cell vaccine formulations subjected to different immunogen treatments and co-cultured with glioma cells was evaluated based on glioma cell viability and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ secretion. Subsequently, the efficacy of the 9L + C6 hybrid vaccine was evaluated in 32 glioma rat models, randomly allocated to the following five treatment groups: blank control, tumor, vaccine treatment, thymosin treatment, and vaccine + thymosin treatment (combined treatment). Changes in survival duration, intracranial tumor volume, peripheral blood immune-cell (CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and natural killer [NK] cell) count, and serum cytokine (interleukin [IL]-2, IL-10) levels were assessed in these groups. RESULTS: The hybrid vaccine demonstrated the highest glioma cell apoptosis and the lowest cell viability and promoted MCP-2 and IFN-γ secretion in vitro. The vaccine treatment and combined treatment groups demonstrated longer survival duration, lower intracranial tumor volume, and higher immune cell glioma tissue infiltration and IL-2 secretion than the untreated tumor group, indicating the vaccine's good in vivo efficacy. Thymosin treatment had minimal effect in enhancing anti-glioma immunity. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated the feasibility of combining autologous and allogeneic tumor cell lysates to stimulate specific host cell immune response against glioma cells. The good clinical efficacy of our developed glioma hybrid vaccine in rat models suggests its potential clinical application.

17.
Exp Ther Med ; 19(2): 1058-1064, 2020 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32010269

RESUMEN

The present meta-analysis study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of local administration of botulinum toxin (BTX-A) vs. lidocaine in the treatment of post-herpetic neuralgia. A systematic search of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Chongqing VIP Information Co. and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing BTX-A and lidocaine in the treatment of post-herpetic neuralgia. The primary outcomes were Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scores at 1, 2 and 3 months after treatment and the effective rate. Secondary outcomes were scores on the McGill pain questionnaire and adverse event rate. A total of 7 RCTs comprising 752 patients were included. The VAS pain score was significantly lower at 1 month [mean difference (MD)=-2.31; 95% CI: -3.06, -1.56; P<0.00001)], 2 months (MD=-2.18; 95% CI: -2.24, -2.11; P<0.00001) and 3 months (MD=-1.93; 95% CI: -3.05, -0.82; P=0.0007) after treatment, the effective rate was significantly higher (odds ratio=2.9; 95% CI: 1.71, 4.13; P<0.0001) and scores on the McGill pain questionnaire were significantly lower (MD=-10.93; 95% CI: -21.02, -0.83; Z=2.12; P=0.03) in patients who received BTX-A for post-herpetic neuralgia compared to those who received lidocaine. There was no difference in the adverse event rate between treatments. In conclusion, BTX-A has potential as a safe and effective treatment option for post-herpetic neuralgia. Further large and well-designed RCTs are required to confirm this conclusion.

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