Role and recent progress of P2Y12 receptor in cancer development.

P2Y12 receptor (P2Y12R) is an adenosine-activated G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that plays a central role in platelet function, hemostasis, and thrombosis. P2Y12R activation can promote platelet aggregation and adhesion to cancer cells, promote tumor angiogenesis, and affect the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and tumor drug resistance, which is conducive to the progression of cancers. Meanwhile, P2Y12R inhibitors can inhibit this effect, suggesting that P2Y12R may be a potential therapeutic target for cancer. P2Y12R is involved in cancer development and metastasis, while P2Y12R inhibitors are effective in inhibiting cancer. However, a new study suggests that long-term use of P2Y12R inhibitors may increase the risk of cancer and the mechanism remains to be explored. In this paper, we reviewed the structural and functional characteristics of P2Y12R and its role in cancer. We explored the role of P2Y12R inhibitors in different tumors and the latest advances by summarizing the basic and clinical studies on the effects of P2Y12R inhibitors on tumors.

A qPCR method to characterize the sex type of the cell strains from rats.

A simple and fast method was established to identify the sex types of the rat-derived cell strains. The single copy X-chromosome-linked gene AR and the single copy Y-chromosome-linked gene Sry were both detected with qPCR for the rat genomic DNA sample and the AR/Sry ratio was calculated. According to the law of the AR/Sry ratio, a new method to identify the sex types of the rat-derived cell strains was developed. The new assay was proved effective. The new assay showed advantages over the traditional sex type identification PCR methods, which detected only the Sry gene. Moreover, the new method was used to identify the sex types of two rat-derived cell strains unknown for the sex types and the results were confirmed with the in situ hybridization. Finally, the problem of the cross contamination between the female and the male samples was addressed and discussed extensively.

Autophagy Modulation in Therapeutic Strategy of Breast Cancer Drug Resistance.

Breast cancer (BC) is a prevalent malignancy globally. Autophagy plays a pivotal role in all stages of this disease, including development, metastasis, and onset. Therefore, it is envisaged that targeting cell autophagy through appropriate tactics would evolve into a novel breast cancer prevention and therapy strategy. A multitude of chemotherapeutic medications can stimulate autophagy in tumor cells. It has led to divergent opinions on the function of autophagy in cancer treatment, as both stimulating and blocking autophagy can improve the effectiveness of anticancer medications. Consequently, the decision of whether to stimulate or inhibit autophagy during breast cancer treatment has become crucial. Understanding the distinctive mechanisms of autophagy in BC and its significance in medication therapy might facilitate the creation of targeted treatment plans based on the roles particular to autophagy. This review summarizes recent studies on the autophagy mechanism in breast cancer and provides insights into autophagy-based BC therapeutic techniques, giving fresh avenues for future BC treatment.

A pilot study to screen the trisomy 13 from the amniotic fluid puncture.

Trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome) is a kind of congenital chromosomal abnormality disease. Trisomy 13 has high occurrence in fetuses or infants from the old aged pregnant women. Screening out the fetus with trisomy 13 early and avoiding the infant with trisomy 13 to be born is the main strategy in the care of delivery women with the fetus with trisomy 13. The current screening method is not perfect and has room to strengthen. In this study, we aimed to establish a method to strengthen the current screening methods, which would be cheap, fast and convenient. Technically, we obtained the commercially available genomic DNA extracted from the amniotic fluid puncture of the pregnant woman with the trisomy 13 fetus, 2 genomic DNA extracted from 2 healthy male (one adult and one teenager) and 1 genomic DNA extracted from 1 healthy adult female as the qPCR template DNAs and the commercially available Sybr green qPCR mater mix as the qPCR reaction liquid; we also designed and synthesized 5 pairs of qPCR primers, respectively, corresponding to IL-10 gene on 1# chromosome, STAT1 gene on 2# chromosome, CXCR3 gene on X chromosome, TSPY1 gene on Y chromosome and LINC00458 gene on 13# chromosome. We then performed Sybr green qPCR measurement. Further, we used the qPCR data to perform the mathematical calculation and finally formed a new algorithm. Using this new algorithm, we easily distinguished the trisomy 13 sample out of the normal samples. The method established this study could strengthen and complement the current methods. In conclusion, our study initiated a pilot study to screen the trisomy 13 and prospected some new directions for efforts.

Transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of II YOU 838 (Oryza sativa) provide insights into heat stress tolerance in hybrid rice.

Heat stress is an increasing threat to rice production worldwide. To investigate the mechanisms of heat tolerance in hybrid rice and their contributions to rice heterosis, we compared the transcriptome of the hybrid rice II YOU 838 (II8) with the transcriptomes of its parents Fu Hui 838 (F8) and II-32A (II3) after heat stress at 42 °C for 0 h, 24 h, 72 h and 120 h. We also performed a proteomic analysis in II8 after heat stress at 42 °C for 24 h. The transcriptome data revealed time-dependent gene expression patterns under the heat stress conditions, and the heat stress response of II8 was greatly different from those of its parents. Gene ontology analysis of the differentially expressed genes that were clustered using k-means clustering showed that most of the up-regulated genes were involved in responses to stimuli, cell communication, and metabolic and transcription factor activities, whereas the down-regulated genes were enriched in photosynthesis and signal transduction. Moreover, 35 unique differentially abundant proteins, including a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor (bHLH96), calmodulin-binding transcription activator, heat shock protein (Hsp70), and chaperonin 60 (CPN60), were detected in the proteomic analysis of II8 under heat stress. The co-regulatory analysis revealed novel genes and pathways involved in heat tolerance, namely, ferredoxin-NADP reductase, peroxidases, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, and heat shock factor (HSF)-Hsp network. Members of the Hsp and HSF families had over-dominant expression patterns in the hybrid compared with its parents, to help maintain the higher photosynthesis and antioxidant defense systems in the hybrid. Our study suggests that the complex HSF-Hsp regulatory network contribute to the heat tolerance of the hybrid rice.