RESUMEN
Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma is a refractory malignancy with an unfavorable prognosis and a high probability of recurrence. Systemic chemotherapy is critical for palliative treatment, but effective therapeutic strategies for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma after first-line chemotherapy failure are scarce. Here, we introduced a sustained benefit following sintilimab combined with lenvatinib plus S-1 in a patient with recurrent perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. A 52-year-old female patient was admitted to our hospital due to yellow skin and sclera, and further radiological examination revealed perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. The patient underwent surgery and histopathological results confirmed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with metastatic lymph nodes. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine and S-1 was given. One year after surgery, the patient experienced hepatic recurrence. Then, she received radiofrequency ablation combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin. Unfortunately, radiological assessment revealed progressive disease with multiple liver metastases after treatment. Subsequently, she received sintilimab combined with lenvatinib plus S-1 and the lesions were completely regressed following 14 cycles of combination therapy. The patient recovered well without disease recurrence at the last follow-up. Sintilimab combined with lenvatinib plus S-1 may be an alternative therapeutic option for chemotherapy-refractory perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, and further evaluation in a larger number of patients is needed.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares , Colangiocarcinoma , Tumor de Klatskin , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tumor de Klatskin/tratamiento farmacológico , Tumor de Klatskin/patología , Tumor de Klatskin/cirugía , Gemcitabina , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Colangiocarcinoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Colangiocarcinoma/patología , Respuesta Patológica Completa , Conductos Biliares Intrahepáticos/patología , Conductos Biliares Intrahepáticos/cirugía , Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares/cirugía , Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares/patologíaRESUMEN
Here we report a carbene-catalyzed enantio- and diastereoselective [4+2] cycloaddition reaction of cyclobutenones with isatins for the quick and efficient synthesis of spirocyclic δ-lactones bearing a chiral chlorine. A broad range of substrates with various substitution patterns proceed smoothly in this reaction, with the spirooxindole δ-lactone products afforded in generally good to excellent yields and optical purities under mild reaction conditions.
RESUMEN
The development of photocatalytic systems with an electron tandem transport channel represents a promising avenue for improving the utilization of photogenerated electrons and holes despite encountering significant challenges. In this study, ZnIn2S4 (Sv-ZIS) with sulfur vacancies was fabricated using a solvothermal technique to create defect energy levels. Subsequently, Cu3P nanoparticles were coupled onto the surface of Sv-ZIS, forming a Cu3P/Sv-ZIS p-n heterojunction with an electron tandem transport channel. Experimental findings demonstrated that this tandem transport channel enhanced the carrier lifetime and separation efficiency. In addition, mechanistic investigations unveiled the formation of a robust built-in electric field (BEF) at the interface between Cu3P and Sv-ZIS, providing a driving force for electron migration. The combined consequences of the transport channel, the strong BEF, and photothermal effect led to a surface carrier separation efficiency of 65.85%. Consequently, Cu3P/Sv-ZIS achieved simultaneous H2 yield and benzaldehyde production rates of 18,101.4 and 15,012.6 µmol·g-1·h-1, which were 2.31 and 2.62 times higher than those of ZnIn2S4, respectively. This work exemplifies the design of the p-n heterojunction for the efficient utilization of photogenerated electrons and holes.
RESUMEN
PURPOSE: To examine how social support might moderate the relationship between intrinsic capacity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) based on the buffering model of social support. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 1181 Chinese community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 60 years in 2016. Social support was assessed using the Social Support Rating Scale. Intrinsic capacity was assessed using the revised integrated care for older people screening tool. HRQoL was measured by the 12-item Short Form Health Survey. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was implemented to test the moderating effect of social support. RESULTS: Support utilization attenuated the relationship between lower intrinsic capacity and poor physical HRQoL while subjective support attenuated the relationship between lower intrinsic capacity and poor mental HRQoL. However, objective support had no significant moderating effect on the relationship between intrinsic capacity and specific domains of HRQoL. CONCLUSION: The moderating effects of social support on the association between intrinsic capacity and HRQoL vary by support types. Effective interventions should target the perception and utilization of available support among older adults with lower intrinsic capacity to maintain their physical and mental HRQoL.
Asunto(s)
Vida Independiente , Calidad de Vida , Humanos , Anciano , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Apoyo SocialRESUMEN
AIM: Systematic reviews on interventions for informal caregivers of community-dwelling frail older adults were published over a decade ago and they mistook frailty for other severe age-related conditions like disability and dementia. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically synthesize these interventions supporting these caregivers identified by an acknowledged frailty assessment instrument and to examine their effectiveness on caregiver-related outcomes. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Fourteen electronic databases, grey literature and reference lists were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized controlled trials (NRCTs) from inception to November 3, 2023. METHODS: Methodology quality and risk of bias were assessed. Data were meta-analysed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis, version 3.0. Studies and outcomes unsuitable for meta-analysis were summarized by narrative syntheses. RESULTS: Four studies consisting of three RCTs and one NRCT were included involving 350 participants. Interventions for caregivers of frail older adults included multicomponent interventions (n = 3) and education intervention (n = 1). Interventions had a moderate effect on reducing depression and showed nonsignificant effects on caregiver burden, caregiving time or quality of life (QoL). The PEDro scores for RCTs ranged from 6 to 8, indicating good methodologic quality, but were all judged as high risk of bias. The NRCT reported all methodologic aspects and was at low risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS: Few studies focus on interventions targeting caregivers of frail older adults, and their effectiveness may vary by outcomes. This review suggested the potential benefits of these interventions in reducing caregivers' depression. IMPACT: The differential effectiveness by outcomes and high risk of bias of studies implicate that more rigorous studies are warranted.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Patients receiving renal dialysis often experience a wide range of symptoms. These symptoms contribute to a significant symptom burden that significantly affects patients' quality of life and serves as a significant predictor of healthcare resource utilization and patient prognosis. It is necessary to synthesize existing evidence to draw reliable conclusions to deepen the understanding of symptom burden. OBJECTIVE: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to identify the relevant factors of symptom burden in patients receiving renal dialysis. METHODS: The systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by searching nine databases for studies reporting the correlates between symptom burden and demographic variables, disease factors, and psychosocial factors from inception to 24 June 2024. After two researchers independently conducted literature search, data extraction, and quality evaluation, meta-analysis was conducted using R Language and Stata 15.1 Software. This study has been registered in the PROSPERO. RESULTS: Sixty-two studies were included in this review. Results showed that the symptom burden of renal dialysis patients was positively correlated with age, gender, working status, medical cost, dialysis age, quality of sleep, nutritional status, comorbidities, depression, anxiety, disease uncertain, avoidance coping and resignation coping, and negatively correlated with marital status, income, serum sodium, quality of life, social support, subjective well-being, and self-management ability. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reveal that many factors, including demographic, disease-related, and psychosocial variables, affect symptom burden. The results can supply information for health promotion and relief symptom burden for patients receiving renal dialysis.Registered number: CRD42024507577.
Asunto(s)
Fallo Renal Crónico , Calidad de Vida , Diálisis Renal , Carga Sintomática , Humanos , Adaptación Psicológica , Costo de Enfermedad , Depresión/etiología , Fallo Renal Crónico/terapia , Fallo Renal Crónico/psicología , Diálisis Renal/efectos adversos , Diálisis Renal/psicología , Apoyo SocialRESUMEN
The quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) is one of the most popular methods for the virtual screening of new drug leads and optimization. Herein, we collected a dataset of 955 MIC values of pleuromutilin derivatives to construct a 2D-QSAR model with an accuracy of 80% and a 3D-QSAR model with a non-cross-validated correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9836 and a cross-validated correlation coefficient (q2) of 0.7986. Based on the obtained QSAR models, we designed and synthesized pleuromutilin compounds 1 and 2 with thiol-functionalized side chains. Compound 1 displayed the highest antimicrobial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (S. aureus) and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) < 0.0625 µg/mL. These experimental results confirmed that the 2D and 3D-QSAR models displayed a high accuracy of the prediction function for the discovery of lead compounds from pleuromutilin derivatives.
Asunto(s)
Diterpenos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina , Compuestos Policíclicos , Pleuromutilinas , Antibacterianos/química , Relación Estructura-Actividad Cuantitativa , Staphylococcus aureus , Diterpenos/química , Compuestos Policíclicos/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Simulación del Acoplamiento MolecularRESUMEN
This study aimed to examine joint trajectories of pain, depression and frailty and their associations with adverse outcomes. Four waves of national data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS 2011-2018) were used, involving 4217 participants aged ≥60 years. Joint trajectories were fit using parallel-process latent class growth analysis, and their associations with adverse outcomes were evaluated using modified Poisson regression. Four joint trajectories were identified. Compared with most favorable group, other three joint trajectory groups had higher risk of functional disability and hospitalization. Slowly progressive pain, depression and frailty and persistent combination of pain, depression and frailty were also associated with cognitive decline, while slowly reduced pain and depression but persistent frailty was associated with all-cause mortality. The findings highlight unique characteristics and health impacts of concurrent changes in pain, depression and frailty over time, implicating the integrated physical and psychological care for older adults.
RESUMEN
This study aimed to examine joint trajectories of loneliness, social isolation and sarcopenia and their associations with adverse outcomes. A total of 4701 participants aged ≥60 years who had a baseline and at least one follow-up assessment of loneliness, social isolation and sarcopenia across 2011, 2013 and 2015 waves in China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Adverse outcomes were obtained in 2018 wave. Joint trajectories were fit using the parallel process latent class growth analysis, and their associations with adverse outcomes were evaluated using modified Poisson regression. Joint trajectory patterns for social relationship and sarcopenia did not vary by the assessment for sarcopenia, but did vary by the assessment for social relationship. Older adults exhibit distinct joint trajectories and those with persistent combination of loneliness or social isolation and sarcopenia experience greatest risk of adverse outcomes. These findings implicate integration of health care and social care for community-dwelling older adults.
Asunto(s)
Soledad , Sarcopenia , Aislamiento Social , Humanos , Soledad/psicología , Sarcopenia/psicología , Aislamiento Social/psicología , Masculino , Anciano , Estudios Prospectivos , Femenino , Estudios Longitudinales , China , Vida Independiente , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Growing evidence indicates that RNA methylation plays a fundamental role in epigenetic regulation, which is associated with the tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Among them, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), as the top acute leukemia for adults, is a deadly disease threatening human health. Although N7-methylguanosine (m7G) has been identified as an important regulatory modification, its distribution has still remained elusive. METHODS: The present study aimed to explore the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) functional profile of m7G in AML and drug-resistant AML cells. The transcriptome-wide m7G methylation of lncRNA was analyzed in AML and drug-resistant AML cells. RNA MeRIP-seq was performed to identify m7G peaks on lncRNA and differences in m7G distribution between AML and drug-resistant AML cells. The Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were conducted to predict the possible roles and m7G-associated pathway. RESULTS: Using m7G peak sequencing, it was found that a sequence motif was necessary for m7G methylation in drug-resistant AML lncRNA. Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis confirmed that lncRNA m7G methylation occurred more frequently in drug-resistant AML cells than in AML cells. RNA sequencing demonstrated that more genes were upregulated by methylation in drug-resistant AML cells, while methylation downregulated more genes in AML cells. The GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed that genes having a significant correlation with m7G sites in lncRNA were involved in drug-resistant AML signaling pathways. CONCLUSION: Significant differences in the levels and patterns of m7G methylation between drug-resistant AML cells and AML cells were revealed. Furthermore, the cellular functions potentially influenced by m7G in drug-resistant AML cells were predicted, providing evidence implicating m7G-mediated lncRNA epigenetic regulation in the progression of drug resistance in AML. These findings highlight the involvement of m7G in the development of drug resistance in AML.
Asunto(s)
Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , ARN Largo no Codificante , Adulto , Humanos , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/metabolismo , Epigénesis Genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , TranscriptomaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess whether postoperative adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy could lead to better clinical outcomes for high-risk patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA). METHODS: In the cohort study, we retrospectively reviewed patients who received surgical resection for pCCA with curative intent from January 2018 to December 2021 at the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital. The patients at high risk for relapse were further analyzed. Among them, 20 patients received adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy, 28 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy, and 33 patients received surgery alone. The oncological outcomes and drug-associated adverse events were evaluated. RESULTS: The 2-year overall survival (OS) rates in patients treated with adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy, and surgery alone were 80.0%, 49.4% and 22.6%, respectively. Univariable and multivariable Cox analyses showed that the treatment regimen and TNM stage were associated with adverse OS. Adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy led to an increase in OS compared with adjuvant chemotherapy [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.253; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.072-9.870; P = 0.037] or surgery alone (HR = 7.560; 95% CI 2.508-22.785; P < 0.001). The median recurrence-free survival was 22.0 months for the adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy group, 17.0 months for the adjuvant chemotherapy group, and 13.2 months for the surgery alone group (P = 0.177); these differences were not significant. The chemoimmunotherapy group was associated with more frequent hematological side effects than the chemotherapy group, but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Postoperative adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for resected pCCA patients showed improved OS compared with adjuvant chemotherapy or surgery alone, and further prospectively randomized controlled trials are necessary to validate these results.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares , Colangiocarcinoma , Tumor de Klatskin , Humanos , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos , Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares/cirugía , Quimioterapia Adyuvante/métodos , Estudios de Cohortes , Tumor de Klatskin/cirugía , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Intimate interface design at the molecular level in heterojunctions deserves significant attention since the charge transfer efficiency at the interfaces can greatly affect the catalytic performance. Herein, an efficient interface engineering strategy was reported to design a titanium porphyrin metal-organic framework-ZnIn2S4 (TMF-ZIS) core-shell heterojunction which is tightly connected via coordination bonds (-N-Zn-). Such interfacial chemical bonds as the directional carrier transfer channels afforded improved charge separation efficiency compared to the physical composite of TMF and ZIS without chemical bonding. As a result, the optimized TMF-ZIS composite showed a 13.37 mmol·g-1·h-1 H2 production which is 47.7, 3.3, and 2.4 times that of TMF, ZIS, and mechanical mixing samples, respectively. Moreover, the composite also exhibited high photocatalytic tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) degradation efficiency. Profiting from the core-shell structures, the ZIS shell efficiently prevented the aggregation and photocorrosion of TMF core particles which afforded enhanced chemical stability. Such an interface engineering strategy will be a versatile method to obtain highly effective organic-inorganic heterojunctions and offer new ideas for modulating the interfaces in the heterojunctions at the molecular level.
RESUMEN
Constructing an efficient visible light-responsive antibacterial material for water treatment remains a principal goal yet is a huge challenge. Herein, a 2D/2D heterojunction composite with robust interfacial contact, named MXene/CN (MCN), was controllably fabricated by using a urea molecule intercalated into MXene following an in situ calcination method, which can realize the rapid separation and migration of photogenerated carriers under visible light irradiation and significantly improve the carrier concentration of the MXene surface, thus generating more reactive oxygen species. The generation of heat induced by MXene could also increase photogenic electron activity to facilitate the photocatalytic reaction using in situ time-resolved photoluminescence characterization. The visible light-activated germicide exhibits a sterilization efficacy against Escherichia coli of 99.70%, higher than those of pure CN (60.21%) and MXene (31.75%), due to the effect of photothermally assisted photocatalytic treatment. This work is an attempt to construct a visible light-driven antimicrobial material using Schottky junctions achieving photothermally assisted photocatalytic disinfection.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Over the past 25 years, the spectrum of diseases in China has rapidly changed from infectious to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This study aimed to identify the prevalence of chronic diseases over the past 25 years in China and estimate the trends and changes in risk factors related to NCDs. METHODS: We conducted a descriptive analysis based on the National Health Service Survey (NHSS) from 1993 to 2018. The survey year (in parentheses) and its respective number of respondents were (1993) 215,163; (1998) 216,101; (2003) 193,689; (2008) 177,501; (2013) 273,688; and (2018) 256,304. In each survey, approximately half the participants were male. In addition, we estimated the trends in the prevalence and risk factors of NCDs from 1993 to 2018 and described their coefficient of variation in the provisions. RESULTS: The prevalence of NCDs has risen rapidly, from 17.0% in 1993 to 34.3% 2018. Hypertension and diabetes were the two main NCDs accounting for 53.3% in 2018. Similarly, the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes have also increased rapidly, increasing 15.1 and 27.0 times respectively from 1993 to 2018. Moreover, from 1993 to 2018, the proportion of smoking decreased from 32.0% to 24.7%, and the proportion of drinking and physical activity increased from 18.4% and 8.0% to 27.6% and 49.9%, respectively. The proportion of obesity increased from 5.4% in 2013 to 9.5% in 2018. The prevalence of NCDs in rural areas (35.2%) in 2018 was slightly higher than that in urban areas (33.5%). Changes in the prevalence of NCDs in rural were larger than those in urban. However, from 2013 to 2018, the provincial gaps for these metrics narrowed, except for that of smoking (Coefficient of Variation from 0.14 to 0.16). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of NCDs increased rapidly in China and was similar in urban and rural areas in 2018. Two key risk factors (drinking and obesity) increased in prevalence, while the other two (smoking and physical inactivity) decreased. These results indicate that China is facing considerable challenges in curbing chronic diseases to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals or the Healthy China 2030 goals. The government should take more active measures to change unhealthy lifestyles, improve efficiency in risk factor management, and pay more attention and allocate more health resources to rural areas.
Asunto(s)
Hipertensión , Enfermedades no Transmisibles , Masculino , Humanos , Femenino , Medicina Estatal , Factores de Riesgo , Obesidad/epidemiología , China/epidemiología , Enfermedad Crónica , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Enfermedades no Transmisibles/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: China has made intensive efforts to eliminate extreme poverty by 2020. This paper aims to evaluate the changes in health service needs, utilization, and medical expenses for poor people during the poverty alleviation period. METHODS: The study used data from national health services surveys in 2013 and 2018. The poor people were identified and certified by the local government. Health service needs, utilization, medical expenses, and reimbursement rates were analyzed and compared between 2013 and 2018, between the poor and the non-poor groups. RESULTS: People living in poverty were usually elderly, illiterate, and unemployed. The poor people had a significantly higher two-week morbidity rate and a higher prevalence of chorionic non-communicable diseases than the non-poor group. For both the poor and non-poor, health service needs increased between 2013 and 2018. Accordingly, the poor people had more use of outpatient and inpatient services. The annual inpatient admission rates were 20.8% and 13.1% for the poor and non-poor, respectively, in 2018. The average medical expenses per inpatient admission were much lower for the poor than for the non-poor. Out-of-pocket (OOP) payment share decreased from 41.9% to 2013 to 31.9% in 2018 for the poor, while for the non-poor, the OOP rate was much higher (45.4%) and had no significant changes between the two surveys. The reduction in the OOP share occurred mostly in rural areas. CONCLUSIONS: Poverty alleviation in China may have positive effect in improving poor people's access to health services, and reducing their financial burden due to illness and health service utilization.
Asunto(s)
Servicios de Salud , Medicina Estatal , Humanos , Anciano , Gastos en Salud , Pobreza , China/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a common, low-grade, malignant B-cell lymphoma. However, simultaneous MALT lymphoma in the thymus and lung is extremely rare, and concomitant adenocarcinoma of the lung is even rarer. Herein, we report a rare case of a collision tumor in which MALT lymphoma was found in both the thymus and lung with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and adenocarcinoma in the lung. CASE PRESENTATION: A physical examination of a 32-year-old woman revealed an anterior superior mediastinal space-occupying lesion, and chest computed tomography (CT) indicated a nodular ground-glass opacity and irregular mixed-density focus in the right lung. All lung cancer-related tumor biomarkers were within normal ranges. The thymus and part of the lung tissue were surgically resected. The histopathology and molecular examinations confirmed MALT lymphoma of the thymus and lung with lung adenocarcinoma. SS was also diagnosed. No special postoperative treatment was performed for the MALT lymphoma, and the patient underwent immunosuppressive therapy for SS after 4 months of follow-up observation. CONCLUSIONS: MALT lymphoma of the thymus and lung tissues has no specific presentation on imaging and is difficult to differentiate from common malignant tumors, and the definite diagnoses of these tumors are highly dependent on histopathological examination in combination with molecular testing and cytogenetics. SS may be an important potential condition for the occurrence of MALT lymphoma in the thymus and lung. Additional similar cases are needed to clarify the biological pathways and potential molecular mechanisms of rare lymphomas and collision tumors.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Linfoma de Células B de la Zona Marginal , Síndrome de Sjögren , Femenino , Humanos , Adulto , Linfoma de Células B de la Zona Marginal/complicaciones , Linfoma de Células B de la Zona Marginal/diagnóstico , Linfoma de Células B de la Zona Marginal/patología , Adenocarcinoma/complicaciones , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Síndrome de Sjögren/complicaciones , Síndrome de Sjögren/diagnóstico , Pulmón/patologíaRESUMEN
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To explore the association between self-efficacy and self-management by modelling three types of social support as mediators among stroke high-risk populations. BACKGROUND: Self-efficacy and social support (i.e. objective support, subjective support and support utilisation) are important for self-management among stroke high-risk populations. Self-efficacy activates three types of social support, and the effect of social support on self-management varies by types among chronic patients. Therefore, social support may act as a mediator between self-efficacy and self-management, and the mediating role may vary by types of social support. Disentangling the role of these different types of social support can guide tailored interventions. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: This study was conducted among 448 Chinese adults at high risk for stroke. Self-efficacy, self-management and social support were assessed using the Self-Efficacy Scale, the Stroke Self-management Scale and the Social Support Rating Scale respectively. The PROCESS SPSS Macro version 3.3, model 4 was used to explore the mediating role of different types of social support in the relationship between self-efficacy and self-management. This study followed STROBE checklist for cross-sectional studies (Appendix S1). RESULTS: Self-efficacy improved three types of social support, and subjective support and support utilisation promoted self-management, but objective support hindered self-management. The specific indirect effect of objective support and subjective support was significant but not that of support utilisation. Objective support, subjective support and support utilisation attenuated the total effect of self-efficacy on self-management by -23.8%, 23.8% and 7.7% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Mediating effect of social support in the relationship between self-efficacy and self-management varies by type, and the positive effect of subjective support is offset by the detrimental effect of objective support. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Among stroke high-risk populations, interventions should target objective support and subjective support as well as self-efficacy to efficiently improve their self-management.
Asunto(s)
Automanejo , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Adulto , Humanos , Autoeficacia , Estudios Transversales , Apoyo SocialRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Cognitive improvement after antipsychotic agents in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) appears to involve redox regulation through neurotrophins such as brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF). This study examined whether cognitive improvement was associated with the increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and whether higher levels of BDNF could have a permissive role in allowing SOD to improve cognition. METHODS: We examined this hypothesis in 183 drug-naïve first-episode SCZ patients taking risperidone monotherapy for 12 weeks. We measured total copper-zinc SOD (CuZn-SOD), manganese SOD (Mn-SOD), and SOD activities and BDNF levels in these patients and compared their levels with 152 healthy controls. We assessed cognitive functioning and clinical symptoms at baseline and 12-week follow-up. RESULTS: After treatment with risperidone, CuZn-SOD activity was significantly increased, and BDNF levels were slightly increased. Increased CuZn-SOD activity was associated with the cognitive effectiveness of risperidone monotherapy. The BDNF levels and SOD activities were correlated at baseline but not after 12-week treatment. Furthermore, baseline CuZn-SOD activity positively correlated with improvement on the delayed memory subscale of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status only in the high BDNF subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: Our longitudinal study suggests that risperidone can enhance SOD activity and that, in combination with higher baseline BDNF levels acting in a permissive role, can improve cognitive impairments in SCZ. Greater baseline CuZn-SOD activity also may have predictive value for cognitive improvement of delayed memory in SCZ patients receiving risperidone treatment.
Asunto(s)
Antipsicóticos/uso terapéutico , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/metabolismo , Disfunción Cognitiva/tratamiento farmacológico , Risperidona/uso terapéutico , Esquizofrenia/tratamiento farmacológico , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Cognición/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Charge separation and transfer are the dominating factors in achieving high activity of solar energy-based photocatalysis. Here, a plasmonic transition metal nitride, Ni3N, nanosheet was fabricated and employed as an efficient cocatalyst to couple with Cd0.9Zn0.1S (CZS) solid solution via a self-assembly method to form a novel Ni3N/CZS heterojunction with an intimate interface. On one hand, localized surface plasmon resonance of the Ni3N nanosheets endowed the fabricated Ni3N/CZS composite with a wide-spectrum light absorption capacity, even to the near-infrared range. On the other hand, Ni3N as a cocatalyst can not only effectively induce the directional electron transfer from CZS to Ni3N active sites but also enhance the surface charge separation efficiency of the Ni3N/CZS heterojunction by 4.1 times compared to that of pure CZS. Plasmonic Ni3N also provided a photothermal effect to enhance the surface temperature of the composite for boosting the catalytic reaction kinetics. As a result, under visible light irradiation, the optimal Ni3N/CZS composite exhibited simultaneous H2 generation and benzaldehyde formation rates of 35.08 and 16.44 mmol g-1 h-1, which were 9.4 and 5.9 times those of CZS, respectively; and the composite also demonstrated a strong antibacterial ability with a sterilization rate of 99.7% toward Escherichia coli. Besides that, under NIR light, plasmonic Ni3N offered extra hot electrons that can transfer back to CZS to take part in the photocatalytic reaction, leading to the Ni3N/CZS composite still having a high H2 production of 179.6 µmol g-1 h-1. This work focuses on developing and applying novel plasmonic cocatalysts in photocatalysis for achieving adjustable electron transfer and fast charge separation for extensive practical application.
Asunto(s)
Benzaldehídos , Hidrógeno , Hidrógeno/química , Catálisis , LuzRESUMEN
The construction of an S-scheme charge transfer pathway is considered to be a powerful way to inhibit charge recombination and maintain photogenerated carriers with high redox capacity to meet the kinetic requirements of the carbon dioxide (CO2) photoreduction reaction. For an S-scheme heterojunction, an internal electric field (IEF) is regarded as the main driving force for accelerating the interfacial spatial transfer of photogenerated charges. Herein, we designed a TiO2 hollow-sphere (TH)-based S-scheme heterojunction for efficient CO2 photoreduction, in which WO3 nanoparticles (WP) were applied as an oxidation semiconductor to form an intimate interfacial contact with the TH. The S-scheme charge transfer mode driven by a strong IEF for the TH/WP composite was confirmed by in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. As a result, abundant photogenerated electrons with strong reducing ability would take part in the CO2 reduction reaction. The combination of surface photovoltage spectra and transient photocurrent experiments disclosed that the IEF intensity and charge separation efficiency of the fabricated TH/WP composite were nearly 16.80- and 1.42-fold higher, respectively, than those of the pure TH. Furthermore, sufficient active sites provided by the hollow-sphere structure also enhanced the kinetics of the catalytic reaction. Consequently, the optimized TH/WP composite showed a peak level of CO production of 14.20 µmol g-1 in 3 h without the addition of any sacrificial agent. This work provides insights into the kinetic studies of the S-scheme charge transfer pathway for realizing high-performance CO2 photoreduction.