Plant feeding promotes diversification in the Crustacea.

About half of the world's animal species are arthropods associated with plants, and the ability to consume plant material has been proposed to be an important trait associated with the spectacular diversification of terrestrial insects. We review the phylogenetic distribution of plant feeding in the Crustacea, the other major group of arthropods that commonly consume plants, to estimate how often plant feeding has arisen and to test whether this dietary transition is associated with higher species numbers in extant clades. We present evidence that at least 31 lineages of marine, freshwater, and terrestrial crustaceans (including 64 families and 185 genera) have independently overcome the challenges of consuming plant material. These plant-feeding clades are, on average, 21-fold more speciose than their sister taxa, indicating that a shift in diet is associated with increased net rates of diversification. In contrast to herbivorous insects, most crustaceans have very broad diets, and the increased richness of taxa that include plants in their diet likely results from access to a novel resource base rather than host-associated divergence.

A new species and first record of the genus Shoemakerella Pirlot, 1936 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Lysianassidae) from Brazil.

A new species of the genus Shoemakerella Pirlot, 1936 is described for the Southeastern Brazilian continental shelf. The new species is easily recognized from the others in the genus mainly by the shape of the gnathopod 2. This is the first species of Shoemakerella from Brazilian waters.

A new cave-dwelling talitrid genus and species from Japan (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae).

An independently derived, blind, cave-dwelling amphipod, Minamitalitrus zoltani gen. nov., sp. nov. is described from the Hoshino-do cave on the island on Minami-Daito jima, Okinawa, Japan. This genus belongs to the Talitrus group of 15 genera and is the first record of the group from Japan. Several characters support the new genus, particularly the reduced biramous pleopods.

Review of New Zealand Coastal Talitroids with description of three new genera (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Senticaudata).

A generic revision is provided for the New Zealand coastal talitroids, which reports two families, seven genera and thirteen species. Three new genera are described: Aotearorchestia gen. nov.; Subantarctorchestia gen. nov.; and Tatahipeke gen. nov. to accommodate seven known species, A. chathamensis (Hurley, 1956) comb. nov.; A. telluris (Spence Bate, 1862) comb. nov.; S. aucklandiae (Spence Bate, 1862) comb. nov.; S. bollonsi (Chilton, 1909) comb. nov.; Tatahipeke cookii (Filhol, 1885) comb. nov.; T. kirki (Hurley, 1956) comb. nov.; and T. tumida (G.M. Thomson, 1885) comb. nov. The three genera, Bellorchestia Serejo & Lowry, 2008, Protorchestia Bousfield 1982 and Transorchestia Bousfield, 1982 are revised to include additional information on morphology, growth stages and distributions for three New Zealand species: Bellorchestia quoyana (Milne Edwards, 1840); Transorchestia miranda (Chilton, 1916); and Trans. serrulata (Dana, 1852a). Lastly, a small commentary is given on four species of coastal talitroids where additional museum collections could not be located for study, B. spadix (Hurley, 1956), Pictonorchestia dentata (Filhol, 1885), Protorchestia campbelliana (Bousfield, 1964), and T. kirki (Hurley, 1956) gen. et comb. nov. A dichotomous key and pictorial field guide are provided to all New Zealand coastal talitroids.

Pictonorchestia, a new genus of riparian-hopper from New Zealand (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Senticaudata, Talitridae).

Pictonorchestia, a new genus of talitrid amphipod is established for Orchestia dentata Filhol, 1885, from New Zealand. It is characterised by the dactylus of gnathopod 2 which has a well-developed projection on the posterior margin which interlocks with a shallow sinus on the palm and a proximal spine which defines the palm. It differs from other talitrid genera in having gnathopod 1 carpus and propodus with palmate lobes, gnathopod 2 dactylus not modified distally, pleopods all well-developed, uropod 1 exopod with marginal setae in one row. Pictonorchestia is also unusual in having an incrassate antenna 2, but pereopod 7 not sexually dimorphic, a combination shared by only ten other genera, none of which have the gnathopod 2 dactylus with a prominent projection on the posterior margin.

A new genus and species, Panamapisa guaymii gen. nov. sp. nov., the first record of the family Eriopisidae Lowry amp; Myers, 2013 from Central America.

Eriopisidae is a widespread amphipod family, whose members have subcylindrical bodies, often do not have eyes, showing elongate third uropods in which the endopod is reduced and the exopod can become very long. This is the first record of Eriopisidae from Central America. Here, we describe the new genus and species Panamapisa guaymii gen. nov., sp. nov. from Bocas del Toro, Panama. The taxon differs from other members of the family in having a greatly enlarged merus on gnathopod 1, marginal setae on the dactyls of pereopod 5 to 7 and a third uropod nearly as long as the body.

A new superfamily and family of Hadziida (Amphipoda: Senticaudata), with a description of a new genus and new species from the Brazilian continental shelf.

A new monotypic superfamily, family, genus and species of Hadziida is described from the Brazilian continental shelf. Magnovioidea superfam. nov. Magnovidae fam. nov. and Magnovis gen. nov. are distinguished by the presence of: antenna 1 shorter than the peduncle of antenna 2; maxilliped outer plate falcate; palp, article 4 reduced and left and right mandibles with a well-developed molar that dominates the mandibular area. Eyes are absent. The type-species Magnovis elizabethae sp. nov. has strongly sexually dimorphic males in which gnathopod 2 is larger than gnathopod 1. Magnovidae fam. nov. occurs on the mid-continental shelf.

A revision of the genus Orchestia Leach, 1814 with the reinstatement of O. inaequalipes (K.H. Barnard, 1951), the designation of a neotype for Orchestia gammarellus (Pallas, 1776) and the description of three new species (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae: Talitrinae).

The amphipod genus Orchestia is revised. It now includes 10 species of which three are new: O. forchuensis sp. nov. from north-eastern North America and Iceland., O. perezi sp. nov. from Chile and O. tabladoi sp. nov. from Argentina. Orchestia inaequalipes (K.H. Barnard 1951) is reinstated. The type species of the genus, O. gammarellus is redescribed based on material from Fountainstown, Ireland and a neotype is established to stabilize the species. The species was originally described from a garden in Leiden, far from the sea. Its true identity is unknown and no type material exists. Orchestia gammarellus (Pallas, 1776) is shown to be a sibling species group with members in both hemispheres of the temperate Atlantic as well along the Pacific coast of South America. A hypothesis for the establishment of the current distribution of Orchestia species is presented that extends back to the Cretaceous.

Gondwanorchestia tristanensis gen. nov. sp. nov., a new southern hemisphere genus and species of talitrid amphipod (Amphipoda, Senticaudata, Talitridae).

Material collected by the Norwegian Scientific Expedition to Tristan Da Cunha in the South Atlantic Ocean in the years 1937-1938 and later attributed by Stephensen, 1949 to Orchestia scutigerula Dana, 1852 has been re-examined and is described as a new genus and species, Gondwanorchestia tristanensis sp. nov. Orchestia scutigerula Dana, 1852 is transferred to Gondwanorchestia gen nov. and compared with G. tristanensis sp. nov.

Two species of Talorchestia Dana 1853 (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae) including T. lakshadweepensis sp. nov. from the Lakshadweep Islands, India.

Two species of the beach-hopper genus Talorchestia Dana, 1853 were collected at Cheriyam Island in the union territory of Lakshadweep in south western India. One species was identified as T. affinis Maccagno, 1936, known previously from the Red Sea, Somalia and East Africa and recorded for the first time from India, the other proved to be a new species, T. lakshadweepensis sp. nov.

The correct authorship of the amphipod genus-group name Quasimodia (Senticaudata: Hyaloidea: Phliantidae).

The genus Quasimodia Sheard, 1936 belongs to the hyaloidean family Phliantidae, and contains four species inhabiting littoral and sublittoral habitats in Australia (J.L. Barnard 1972; Lowry Stoddart 2003; Horton et al. 2018; Lowry Myers 2019). This genus-group name was originally erected for three nominal species-Q. barnardi Sheard, 1936, Q. capricornis Sheard, 1936, and Q. womersleyi Sheard, 1936 (see Sheard 1936), but its type species was not fixed in the original publication. As such the name Quasimodia Sheard, 1936 is not available for nomenclatural purposes (Article 13.3 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature [hereafter Code], International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999). Later, J.L. Barnard (1969) selected Q. womersleyi as the type species for this genus-group name, but his action does not validate Quasimodia Sheard, 1936, which remains unavailable, under Article 69 of the Code. J.L. Barnard (1972) again incorrectly considered Quasimodia Sheard, 1936 as an available name.

Replacement names for four preoccupied talitrid genus-group names proposed by Lowry amp; Myers in 2019 (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Senticaudata).

A recent comprehensive review of the generic-level classification of the amphipod family Talitridae established 37 new genera (Lowry Myers 2019). Among the 37 genus-group names, however, four names-Fleuria Lowry Myers, 2019, Hurleyella Lowry Myers, 2019, Tasmanella Lowry Myers, 2019 and Wairua Lowry Myers, 2019-are respectively preoccupied by the dipteran Fleuria Kieffer, 1924, the dipteran Hurleyella Runyon Robinson, 2010, the brachiopod Tasmanella Laurie, 1991, and the arachnid Wairua Forster in Forster et al., 1990. Accordingly, new replacement names for each of the talitrid genus-group names are proposed herein. Additionally, the authorship of the superfamily Talitroidea cited in Lowry Myers (2019) as Bulycheva, 1957, should be cited as Rafinesque, 1815.

A new genus and species of freshwater Hadziidae, Fluviadulzura spinicauda gen. nov., sp. nov. from rivers in Victoria, Australia (Amphipoda).

A new species of fresh-water amphipod, Fluviadulzura spinicauda gen. nov. sp. nov. is described from rivers in Victoria, Australia. The taxon is fully described and figured.

A new family, genus and species of freshwater amphipod Australomicroprotopus megacoxa gen. nov. sp. nov. (Senticaudata, Corophiidea, Microprotopoidea, Australomicroprotopidae fam. nov.) from Australia.

A new species of fresh-water amphipod is described from Australia. Australomicroprotopus megacoxa gen. nov. sp. nov. It is placed in a new family, the Australomicroprotopidae fam. nov. and is fully described and figured.

A review of the world Cyphocarididae with description of three new species (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Lysianassoidea).

The world Cyphocarididae are reviewed with new distribution records provided for eight taxa including three new species of Cyphocaris, C. ananke, C. nesoi and C. tartaros. Based on collections from Greenland a neotype is established for the type species Cyphocaris anonyx Boeck, 1871. An updated key to the 17 known world species of cyphocarids is provided.

Endevouridae, a review with description of four new species (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Lysianassoidea).

The family Endevouridae is reviewed and four new species from the two genera, Endevoura and Ensayara, are described from Australian and Japanese waters. All species are diagnosed and the type species of Endevoura (End. mirabilis Chilton, 1921) and Ensayara (Ens. ramonella J.L. Barnard, 1964), respectively, are redescribed and illustrated. A key to the 19 known world species of Endevouridae is provided.

Epimeria rafaeli sp. nov. (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Epimeriidae) from Western Australia.

Members of the family Epimeriidae are reported in Australian waters for the first time and Epimeria rafaeli sp. nov. is described from deep water just south of the Abrolhos Island, Western Australia.