Potential confounding effects of benzyl alcohol as a formulation excipient support the elimination of the abnormal toxicity test from pharmacopoeias.

Benzyl alcohol is an excipient used in many drugs as a stabilizer. Depending on the amount present in drug formulations there might be confounding findings in the Abnormal Toxicity Test (ATT). The ATT is utilized as a quality control (QC) release test to detect extraneous contaminants according to national pharmacopoeias. Our study assessed the effects of benzyl alcohol as defined in ATT designs. This study - the first thorough evaluation of the confounding effects of benzyl alcohol on the ATT - was conducted in relation to particular health authority questions and was part of the root-cause analyses resulting from some transient behavioral findings observed in the test. Two strains of mice, CD-1 & Kunming, plus Hartley guinea pigs were administered intraperitoneally (ip), subcutaneously (sc), or intravenously (iv) with benzyl alcohol at dose level defined in the ATT design. In both mice and guinea pigs, only after ip administration, minimal behavioral changes were observed transiently within 2-3 min after administration. Therefore, the presence of benzyl alcohol in the product batch may confound the ATT results. This study provides further evidence to question the validity of the ATT for its intended use.

Simultaneous determination of elbasvir and grazoprevir in fixed-dose combination and mass spectral characterization of each degradation product by UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS.

Zepatier® (Elbasvir and Grazoprevir) is a novel two-drug, fixed-dose combination product containing elbasvir and grazoprevir used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Various forced degradation studies of the two drugs had been conducted in order to identify significant degradation products and establish the degradation pathway induced by thermal, photolytic, acid/base hydrolytic and/or oxidative stress conditions. A reversed phase C18 UHPLC-PDA method has been developed for the analysis of the stressed samples. Seven significant degradation products of elbasvir and five significant degradation products of grazoprevir were found and investigated further by high resolution ESI-QTOF-MS with high accurate mass measurement (-1.96 to 1.36 ppm). The chemical structures of each degradation product were proposed based on their relative MS/MS fragmentation spectra in comparison with the corresponding parent drugs and the chemical synthetic knowledge of process chemists. The validated stability-indicating UHPLC method can be used in routine analysis for the simultaneous determination of elbasvir and grazoprevir in pharmaceutical formulations. As more and more combination drugs will enter into the market, this study can also shed light on stability indicating method development for combined drugs at early development stage.

Discovery of RO7185876, a Highly Potent γ-Secretase Modulator (GSM) as a Potential Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease.

γ-Secretase (GS) is a key target for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease. While inhibiting GS led to serious side effects, its modulation holds a lot of potential to deliver a safe treatment. Herein, we report the discovery of a potent and selective gamma secretase modulator (GSM) (S)-3 (RO7185876), belonging to a novel chemical class, the triazolo-azepines. This compound demonstrates an excellent in vitro and in vivo DMPK profile. Furthermore, based on its in vivo efficacy in a pharmacodynamic mouse model and the outcome of the dose range finding (DRF) toxicological studies in two species, this compound was selected to undergo entry in human enabling studies (e.g., GLP toxicology and scale up activities).