[The influence of movement's observation on recuperation after physical fatigue].

The study aim was to investigate effects of mental activity, accompanied by mu-rhythm depression, on recuperation after physical fatigue. In a study participants performed 11 one minute bouts of static hand grip intermitted by 2 minutes restpauses. During pauses participants watched video with either dynamic hand grips (biological movements) or deformation of geometric figure (control). Obtained data showed there was a significant depression of mu-rhythm during biological movement's observation. There was significant fatigue of subjects in an exercise with physical activity, but there was no reliable influence of performed mental activity on recovery after fatigue.

Correlates of measures of voluntary force with the functional state of the motor system.

Oscillation spectra were analyzed for prolonged isometric force recorded in healthy subjects of three age groups. Changes in the distributions of spectral components of the oscillations in force were noted, along with differences in the distributions of spectral density as exhaustion developed in the age groups. The amplitude-frequency ranges of changes in the spectral densities of oscillations in force characterized the activity at the suprasegmental and segmental levels of the motor system which support the voluntary control and automatic regulation of posture during the performance of movements. Correlates of the functional state of the motor system are discussed in terms of the voluntary and involuntary components of control. A significant increase in activity in the central structures of the movement control system was seen with the development of exhaustion, along with decreases in the frequency range of the activity of subcortical structures with age.

Neurophysiological correlates of verbal activity in patients with speech disorders of traumatic etiology.

The article deals with the neurophysiological correlates of the pathophysiological mechanisms of brain trauma. Mechanisms of damaged function restoration by means of therapeutic electrostimulations (TES) are also under discussion. Localization of the brain zones involved in the maintenance of speech and their expansion, while TES is shown on the basis of functional testing and registration of different indices of bioelectrical activity.

Clinical and physiological basis for a new method underlying rehabilitation of the damaged visual nerve function by direct electric stimulation.

A new method of rehabilitation of damaged visual nerves has been tested during clinical physiological investigations in 45 patients with pathological opticochiasmal brain tumor, inflammation and trauma. The essence of the new method was in implanting the electrode into the nerve when the patient was operated on for the pathological formation and in directly stimulating the nerves for 2 or 3 postoperational weeks. Effectiveness of electrical stimulation was increased by direct recording of the electroneurogram as well as by the results of ophthalmological observations. Considerable improvement of vision was observed in 75%, and in 25% of these cases the vision was found to actually normalize. Even in cases of total blindness, vision was partially rehabilitated in 8 of 10 cases. Direct electrophysiological investigation of the visual nerve potentials enabled us to objectively estimate their functional state, predict the probability of visual rehabilitation as well as increase the efficiency of therapy. Neurophysiological mechanisms of visual rehabilitation under the influence of electrical stimulation of the visual nerves are discussed.

[Effect of a 50 Hz magnetic field on rat behavior depends on the direct current component]. / Vliianie magnitnogo polia chastotoi 50 Gts na povedenie krys zavisit ot znacheniia postoiannogo magnitnogo polia.

The influence of extremely low frequency magnetic field on rats behavior (working memory, learning, social activity) was examined. Rats were exposed to magnetic fields at three different conditions: exposure 1-50 Hz, 46 mT; DC 65 mTl; exposure II-50 Hz, 46 mTl; DC 14-17 mTl; Exposure III-sham. Field related changes were observed after exposure I: the increase of error rate in Y-maze performance, shorter adaptation time in instrumental performance, the decrease of aggression and sociability, enhancement of the defence reactions. Data obtained show that influence of 50-Hz magnetic field depends on the level of DC field. The combination presumably considered as resonant to Ca++ was more effective.

[Restorative electric stimulation of the optic nerve in patients with diseases of the chiasmal-sellar area]. / Vosstanovite'lnye élektrostimuliatsii zrite'lnykh nervov u bo'lnykh s zabolevaniiami khiazma'lno-selliarnoi oblasti.

Presented is the clinical experience with vision restitution by direct electrostimulation (ES) of lesioned visual nerves in 128 operated patients with chiasmal-sellar diseases (chiasmal-sellar tumors and optico-chiasmatic arachnoiditis). Comparative analysis of ES-treated and control group was performed. Indications for this technique were determined in different forms of the disease depending on its severity and duration. ES showed positive results increasing the reliability and speed of vision restitution in operated patients.

[The effect of local electrostimulation of nerve tissue on its blood supply indices in extreme brain states]. / Vliianie lokal'nykh élektrostimuliatsii nervnoi tkani na pokazateli ee krovosnabzheniia pri ékstremal'nykh sostoianiiakh mozga.

The specifics of local blood flow (LBF) was studied in the areas of electrical stimulation. The occurring changes are determined primarily by the functional state of neural tissue in the stimulation area as well as in the whole brain. The cortex develops an insrement of the LBF after stimulation by the 4th-5th day whereas no such tendency was found in the white matter.

[Electrophysiological diagnosis in partial optic nerve atrophy syndrome]. / Elektrofiziologicheskaia diagnostika pri sindrome chastichnoi atrofii zritel'nykh nervov.

Vision conduction routes were examined in 75 patients with the syndrome of optic nerve partial atrophy by recording the visual evoked potentials, threshold of electric sensitivity emergence, critical frequency of phosphene disappearance, electroretino- and electroneurograms. The findings of these examinations correlated best of all with the clinical picture when visual evoked potentials (latency increase, decrease of the amplitude with atrophy augmentation, interhemispheric asymmetry in chiasmal and retro-chiasmal involvement) or the critical frequency of phosphene disappearance (reliably reduced if a disease was developing) were recorded. Introduction of electrodes with therapeutic and diagnostic purpose permitted assessment of optic nerve function from the electroneurogram amplitude and time parameters.

[Preliminary results of direct stimulation of damaged optic nerves]. / Predvaritel'nye rezul'taty priamoi élektrostimuliatsii povrezhdennykh zritel'nykh nervov.

The authors approbated in the clinic a new method for restoring vision in 22 patients in damage of the optic nerves caused by pathological processes in the opticochiasmic area of the brain (tumors of the hypophysis, arachnoiditis, the sequelae of trauma). The novelty of the method lies in introducing electrodes under the nerve sheath during operation performed for the main pathological process and producing direct electrostimulation (ES) of the nerves for 3-4 weeks after the operation. The authors chose the optimum parameters of therapeutic ES under control of a direct record of the bioelectrical activity of the optic nerves and ophthalmological examination of the patients. Positive therapeutic effect was obvious in three fourths of patients, in one third of whom vision was completely normalized. The results of using the new method of implantation of electrodes into the optic nerves and the probable mechanisms of the restoration of vision under the effect of their direct ES are discussed.

[The clinico-immunological characteristics of patients with severe ischemic brain lesions undergoing combined treatment with the use of intracerebral electrostimulation]. / Kliniko-immunologicheskaia kharakteristika bol'nykh s tiazhelymi ishemicheskimi porazheniiami golovnogo mozga pri kompleksnom lechenii s ispol'zovaniem intratserebral'nykh élektrostimuliatsii.

The work analyzes preliminary results of a complex method of treatment of severe ischemic alterations of the brain. Certain parameters of the immune system, its phagocytic link in particular, were studied along with clinico-physiological indices of the functional state of the brain. It was shown that efficient surgical revascularization of the ischemic zones reinforced by electrostimulation at the early postoperative period allowed to substantially restore the motor and speech functions even in cases of critical lesions. Higher indices of functional activity of the phagocytic link of the immune system were noted.