Withdrawing and Withholding Life Support in Patients With Cancer in an ICU Setting: A 5-Year Experience at a European Cancer Center.

OBJECTIVE: This was an observational retrospective study aimed to examine the frequency and associated factors of withdrawing or withholding life support (WWLS) in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a comprehensive cancer center. METHODS: Medical records of adult patients with cancer admitted to the ICU between January 2010 and December 2014 were reviewed. Patients who died during that period were classified into 2 groups: full life support and withdrawing and withholding life support. The relative impact of demographic and clinical factors was assessed using logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 247 patients died in our unit (mortality rate of 16.3%). Their median age was 62 (interquartile range [IQR] 51-73) years, there were 142 (57.5%) male patients, and they had predominantly solid malignancies (62.3%). The median Simplified Acute Physiology Score II and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation scores were 67 (IQR 54-80) and 29 (IQR 23-55), respectively. Ninety-six (38.9%) patients died after WWLS with no statistically significant differences in decisions to limit therapy during the study period. Patients with advanced age, solid malignancies, nonneutropenic, and longer duration of mechanical ventilation were more likely to die after WWLS. In multivariate analysis, presenting with neutropenia was independently associated with a lower likelihood of dying after WWLS (odds ratio: 0.34, 95% confidence interval: 0.15-0.80). CONCLUSION: Limitation of therapy has been a common practice in oncologic ICUs over recent years. Neutropenia is an independent predictor of limitation of therapy.

Nutritional and Biochemical Profiling of Leucopaxillus candidus (Bres.) Singer Wild Mushroom.

The wild mushroom Leucopaxillus candidus (Bres.) Singer was studied for the first time to obtain information about its chemical composition, nutritional value and bioactivity. Free sugars, fatty acids, tocopherols, organic and phenolic acids were analysed by chromatographic techniques coupled to different detectors. L. candidus methanolic extract was tested regarding antioxidant potential (reducing power, radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition). L. candidus was shown to be an interesting species in terms of nutritional value, with high content in proteins and carbohydrates, but low fat levels, with the prevalence of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Mannitol was the most abundant free sugar and ß-tocopherol was the main tocopherol isoform. Other compounds detected were oxalic and fumaric acids, p-hydroxybenzoic and cinnamic acids. The methanolic extract revealed antioxidant activity and did not show hepatoxicity in porcine liver primary cells. The present study provides new information about L. candidus.

Leccinum molle (Bon) Bon and Leccinum vulpinum Watling: The First Study of Their Nutritional and Antioxidant Potential.

This work presents the chemical profile of two edible species of mushrooms from the genus Leccinum: Leccinum molle (Bon) Bon and Leccinum vulpinum Watling, both harvested on the outskirts of Bragança (Northeastern Portugal). Both species were prepared and characterized regarding their content in nutrients (i.e., free sugars, fatty acids and vitamins), non-nutrients (i.e., phenolic and other organic acids) and antioxidant activity. To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies on the chemical characterization and bioactivity of these species have been undertaken. Accordingly, this study intends to increase the available information concerning edible mushroom species, as well as to highlight another important factor regarding the conservation of the mycological resources--their potential as sources of nutraceutical/pharmaceutical compounds. Overall, both species revealed similar nutrient profiles, with low fat levels, fructose, mannitol and trehalose as the foremost free sugars, and high percentages of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. They also revealed the presence of bioactive compounds, namely phenolic (e.g., gallic acid, protocatechuic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid) and organic acids (e.g., citric and fumaric acids) and presented antioxidant properties.

Wild Morchella conica Pers. from different origins: a comparative study of nutritional and bioactive properties.

BACKGROUND: Morchella conica Pers. is a species of fungus that belongs to the Morchellaceae family and was studied in order to obtain more information about this species, by comparing Portuguese and Serbian wild samples. Free sugars, fatty acids, tocopherols, organic and phenolic acids were analysed by chromatographic techniques. M. conica methanolic extracts were tested regarding antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The absence of hepatotoxicity was confirmed in porcine liver primary cells. RESULTS: The nutrition value varied between the two samples and the Serbian one gave the highest energy contribution and content in sugars, polyunsaturated fatty acids and phenolic compounds, while the Portuguese sample was richer in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols and organic acids. In general, the Portuguese sample revealed the highest antioxidant potential (except for lipid peroxidation inhibition), while the Serbian one displayed higher antimicrobial activity. None of the samples revealed toxicity towards liver cells. CONCLUSION: The present study provides new data concerning chemical characterization and bioactivity of Morchella conica Pers.

Expanding current knowledge on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the genus Lactarius.

Despite the presence of toxic compounds in inedible mushrooms, the question whether the chemical nutrients and non-nutrients compositions in edible and inedible Lactarius species are similar remains unanswered. To answer this question, Lactarius citriolens Pouzar and Lactarius turpis (Weinm.) Fr., two inedible species, were studied in order to obtain information about their chemical composition and bioactivity. Free sugars, fatty acids, tocopherols, organic and phenolic acids were analysed by chromatographic techniques coupled to different detectors. L. citriolens and L. turpis methanolic extracts were tested regarding antioxidant potential (reducing power, radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition). The composition of macronutrients varied among the two species, but the profiles were similar between them and among other Lactarius species; L. citriolens gave the highest energy contribution, saturated fatty acids and organic acids, while the L. turpis sample was richer in free sugars, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols and phenolic compounds. L. turpis methanolic extract showed the highest antioxidant activity. The absence of hepatoxicity of the methanolic extracts was confirmed in porcine liver primary cells (in vitro conditions). The present study provided new information about wild L. citriolens and L. turpis, comparing their chemical composition and antioxidant properties with other Lactarius species, and expanding the knowledge about this genus.

Ecological drivers of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of bryophytes in an oceanic island.

Montane oceanic islands possess unique geographic and ecological attributes, rendering them valuable for assessing patterns and drivers of alpha and beta taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity along elevational gradients. Such comparisons of diversity facets can provide insights into the mechanisms governing community assembly on islands. Herein, we aimed to characterize taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic bryophyte diversity on Madeira Island within and across areas at varying elevations. We also assessed how these diversity facets for the alpha and beta components relate to ecological and anthropogenic factors. We estimated and compared alpha and beta taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity using 80 plots of 0.5 m × 0.5 m across the whole elevational gradient of the island. We compiled trait databases and supplemented them with our own observations. Phylogenetic information was sourced from the Moss and Liverwort Tree of Life. To assess the impact of ecological and anthropogenic factors on the three facets, we applied linear mixed-effects models and generalized dissimilarity models to alpha- and beta-diversity matrices, respectively. All facets of diversity exhibited strong correlations within both mosses and liverworts, indicating a substantial congruence when alpha and beta are analyzed separately. The bryophyte groups categorized by the growth form demonstrated contrasting patterns, aligning with their distinctive ecological requirements. While a mid-elevation peak emerged as a common pattern across the three facets of alpha diversity, beta diversity often displayed the opposite trend. Although the relative influence of environmental factors varied depending on the diversity facet and bryophyte grouping considered, we found that alpha and beta diversity of bryophytes are more influenced by climatic factors and the predominant type of vegetation than by anthropogenic factors. In the current context of global change, these results should be interpreted with caution, but they point to the resilience of bryophytes to survive in relatively well-preserved natural microhabitats within anthropogenic landscapes. In this study on Madeira Island, we investigated patterns and drivers of alpha and beta taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity along elevational gradients. We found that alpha and beta diversity of bryophytes are more strongly influenced by climatic factors and the predominant type of vegetation than by anthropogenic factors.

Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Ambulatory Self-Confidence Questionnaire (ASCQ), Portuguese (European) Version.

In a world where physical activity and social participation are fundamental pillars of a full and healthy life, confidence in walking has emerged as a fundamental aspect to assess, especially for older adults. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a Portuguese (European) version of the Ambulatory Self-Confidence Questionnaire (ASCQ) that was both linguistically and psychometrically adapted. To do so, a translation method was used, followed by an assessment of its validity and reliability. The Portuguese version was completed by 173 older adults. To assess reliability, Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used. For sociodemographic and clinical characterization, as well as questionnaire scoring, descriptive statistical analysis was used. Pearson's correlation (r), Student's t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze criterion and construction validity. The Portuguese interactions with ASCQ were effectively translated and adjusted, revealing exceptional internal consistency and test-retest reliability, as reflected in Cronbach's alpha and ICC values of 0.95. No floor effect was observed; however, a ceiling effect was identified (3.5%). The criterion and construct validity were verified as all the correlations established were statistically significant. The adaptation of the ASCQ to Portuguese culture is adequate, making it valid for use within the Portuguese population.

Liraglutide in the management of obesity: real world data (Portugal).

BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity are major public health issues with increasing incidence and prevalence, affecting more than 50% of the population in developed countries. Due to its complex pathophysiology and multifactorial etiology, disease understanding, diagnostic approach and management remain suboptimal. Together with a structured nutritional intervention and physical activity plan, pharmacological treatment has the potential to magnify weight loss and health related benefits. Liraglutide is one of the most effective and frequently prescribed weight loss medication. Its efficacy and safety have been demonstrated in randomized clinical trials, however, real world data in Portugal is scarce. The authors report on the experience of a University Hospital Endocrine Clinic in the management of patients with overweight and obesity with liraglutide on top of lifestyle intervention. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of liraglutide in the management of overweight and obesity. METHODS: Retrospective, longitudinal observational study. Inclusion criteria were adult patients (>18 years old) with obesity (BMI>30 kg/m2) or overweight (≥27 kg/m2) with at least one obesity related co-morbidity (hypertension, dyslipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) with at least three months of liraglutide treatment. Diabetes diagnosis and prior bariatric surgery were exclusion criteria. Demographic and clinical variables were included and weight was recorded before and after at least 3 months of liraglutide treatment. RESULTS: One hundred forty-eight patients (85.8% females) with a mean age of 48.7±11.9 years were treated with liraglutide. Mean baseline BMI was 33.8±5.2 kg/m2 and median follow-up was 13 months. At the last appointment, 85.8% were still taking liraglutide. Among patients still taking liraglutide, mean weight loss was 7.6 kg (7.9%), with significantly greater losses in patients treated for more than 6 months (8.6kg vs. 6.2 kg, P=0.016). Patients with obesity lost significantly more weight than overweight patients (8.3 kg vs. 4.5 kg, P=0.028), despite similar treatment duration. The reasons for liraglutide withdrawal were gastrointestinal intolerance (7), medication cost (2), inefficacy (10) and physician instructions (1). CONCLUSIONS: The present study documents the long-term efficacy of liraglutide in the treatment of patients with overweight and obesity, with a low rate of drug withdrawal. Mean weight loss was significant and more evident from the 6th month of treatment on. Liraglutide, along with lifestyle intervention, is a good option for weight management in the majority of patients with obesity.

Determination of gaseous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by a simple direct method using thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

In the last decade, the development of novel analytical methodologies enabled the identification of several environmental pollutants responsible for health problems associated with indoor exposure. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the potential hazardous chemicals present in ambient air. Due to their bioaccumulation potential and carcinogenic/mutagenic effects, 16 PAHs are currently listed as priority air pollutants. The main goal of this work was to implement a new and simple method for sampling and determination of PAHs in air by using a thermal desorption (TD) technique followed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analysis. A detailed study was carried out to optimise the experimental method in each of its phases, including (active) sampling, TD and chromatographic analysis. The results demonstrate that this approach allowed the detection and quantification of the six more volatile PAHs, namely, naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and anthracene. Acceptable precision and good linearity over the explored range were obtained. No carry-over was observed during experimental tests and the method provided a reproducible answer. The applicability of the novel methodology was tested in real environment, namely, on the roof of a building in an urban area, in a domestic kitchen and in a collective car garage. The method enabled the identification of two PAHs in the field samples, specifically, naphthalene (two rings) and phenanthrene (three rings). With regard to PAHs sample composition, the most abundant PAH found, in the three different locations, was naphthalene, accounting for about 84-100 % of the total PAH mass detected.

Otago Exercise Program Plus Cognitive Dual-task can Reduce Fall Risk, Improve Cognition and Functioning in Older Adults.

BACKGROUND: The risk of falling increases with neuromusculoskeletal and cognitive changes resulting from aging. Physical exercise shows beneficial effects on the risk of falling, but the results are unknown when associated with cognitive activity dual-task (DT). OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to evaluate the impacts of the Otago Exercise Program (OEP) plus DT cognitive activity on the risk of falling in older adults. METHODS: 36 older adults (83.5 ± 5.7 years) participated in a quasi-experimental study, distributed in two experimental groups and a control group: 1) OEP (OEPG; n=12), 2) OEP plus DT (OEPDTG; n = 12), and a control group (CG; n=12). Older adults were evaluated at pre- and post- 12 weeks of intervention. The thresholds for the risk of falling were considered as multiparameter scores of the 10 Meter Walking Test (10MWT), evocative 10MWT, Timed Up and Go (TUG), Sit to Stand Test (STS), and The Four-Stage Balance Test (Four-Stage), and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), to test the cognitive impairment. RESULTS: At baseline, all groups were homogeneous. Post-intervention, the experimental groups presented significant functional differences, in comparison to the CG, for 10MWT (OEPDTG: p= 0.002; OEPG: p= 0.002); evocative 10MWT (OEPDTG: p=0.001; OEPG: p=0.001); TUG (OEPDTG: p=0.034); STS (OEPDTG: p<0.001; OEPG: p<0.001) and cognitive for MoCA (OEPDTG: p<0.019). Significant intra-group differences (pre-post) were observed in all intervention groups, but none in CG. The risk of falling (Four-Stage) in experimental groups (OEPDTG: 33.3%; OEPG: 41.7%) was considerably lower than CG (83.3%). CONCLUSION: Otago Exercise Program alone can reduce the risk of falling due to improved functionality, but adding the dual task also improves cognitive capacity in older adults. The clinical significance of these interventions goes beyond statistics.

Non-invasive neuromodulation in reducing the risk of falls and fear of falling in community-dwelling older adults: systematic review.

Introduction: Neuromodulation is a non-invasive technique that allows for the modulation of cortical excitability and can produce changes in neuronal plasticity. Its application has recently been associated with the improvement of the motor pattern in older adults individuals with sequelae from neurological conditions. Objective: To highlight the effects of non-invasive neuromodulation on the risk of falls and fear of falling in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Systematic review conducted in accordance with the items of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Searches were carried out in electronic databases: CENTRAL, Clinical Trials, LILACS, PEDro, PubMed, Web of Science, between 13/06/2020 and 20/09/2023, including all indexed texts without language and publication date restrictions, randomized controlled clinical trials, which presented as their main outcome non-invasive neuromodulation for reducing the fear of falling and risk of falls in the older adults, regardless of gender. Results: An extensive search identified 9 eligible studies for qualitative synthesis from 8,168 potential articles. Rigorous filtering through automated tools, title/abstract screening, and full-text evaluation ensured a focused and relevant selection for further analysis. Most studies (80%) used transcranial direct current electrical stimulation as an intervention, over the motor cortex or cerebellum area, with anodal current and monopolar electrode placement. The intensity ranged from 1.2 mA to 2 mA, with a duration of 20 min (80%). The profile of the research participants was predominantly individuals over 65 years old (80%), with a high risk of falls (60%) and a minority reporting a fear of falling (40%). The outcomes were favorable for the use of neuromodulation for the risk of falls in the older adults, through improvements in static and dynamic balance. Conclusion: The results may have limited applicability to direct outcomes related to the risk of falls, in addition to evidence regarding the difference or lack thereof in applicability between genders, fallers and non-fallers, as well as older adults individuals with low and high fear of falling. Systematic review registration: The protocol for this review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) to obtain the identification of ongoing research (ID: 222429).

A review on antimicrobial activity of mushroom (Basidiomycetes) extracts and isolated compounds.

Despite the huge diversity of antibacterial compounds, bacterial resistance to first-choice antibiotics has been drastically increasing. Moreover, the association between multiresistant microorganisms and nosocomial infections highlight the problem, and the urgent need for solutions. Natural resources have been exploited in the last years and among them, mushrooms could be an alternative source of new antimicrobials. In this review, we present an overview of the antimicrobial properties of mushroom extracts and highlight some of the active compounds identified, including low- and high-molecular weight (LMW and HMW, respectively) compounds. LMW compounds are mainly secondary metabolites, such as sesquiterpenes and other terpenes, steroids, anthraquinones, benzoic acid derivatives, and quinolines, but also primary metabolites such as oxalic acid. HMW compounds are mainly peptides and proteins. Data available from the literature indicate a higher antimicrobial activity of mushroom extracts against gram-positive bacteria. Among all the mushrooms, Lentinus edodes is the most studied species and seems to have a broad antimicrobial action against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Plectasin peptide, obtained from Pseudoplectania nigrella, is the isolated compound with the highest antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria, while 2-aminoquinoline, isolated from Leucopaxillus albissimus, presents the highest antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria.

Acute organ failure and risk of admission to intensive medical care in cancer patients: a single center prospective cohort study. / Falência aguda de órgão e risco de admissão em unidade de terapia intensiva nos pacientes oncológicos: estudo de coorte prospectivo unicêntrico.

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the cumulative incidence of acute organ failure and intensive care unit admission in cancer patients. METHODS: This was a single-center prospective cohort study of adult cancer patients admitted for unscheduled inpatient care while on systemic cancer treatment. RESULTS: Between August 2018 and February 2019, 10,392 patients were on systemic treatment, 358 had unscheduled inpatient care and were eligible for inclusion, and 285 were included. The mean age was 60.9 years, 50.9% were male, and 17.9% of patients had hematologic cancers. The cumulative risk of acute organ failure was 39.6% (95%CI: 35 - 44), and that of intensive care unit admission among patients with acute organ failure was 15.0% (95%CI: 12 - 18). On admission, 62.1% of patients were considered not eligible for artificial organ replacement therapy. The median follow-up time was 9.5 months. Inpatient mortality was 17.5%, with an intensive care unit mortality rate of 58.8% and a median cohort survival of 134 days (95%CI: 106 - 162). In multivariate analysis, acute organ failure was associated with 6-month postdischarge mortality (HR 1.6; 95%CI: 1.2 - 2.2). CONCLUSION: The risk of acute organ failure in cancer patients admitted for unscheduled inpatient care while on systemic treatment was 39.6%, and the risk of intensive care unit admission was 15.0%. Acute organ failure in cancer patients was an independent poor prognostic factor for inpatient hospital mortality and 6-month survival.

OBJETIVO: Determinar a incidência cumulativa de falência aguda de órgão e internamento em unidade de terapia intensiva em pacientes oncológicos. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte prospectivo de pacientes oncológicos adultos em tratamento sistêmico antineoplásico, internados de forma não programada. RESULTADOS: Entre agosto de 2018 e fevereiro de 2019, 10.392 pacientes foram submetidos a tratamento sistêmico antineoplásico, sendo que 358 necessitaram de internamento hospitalar não programado e foram elegíveis para inclusão; por fim, 258 desses pacientes foram incluídos. A média de idade foi de 60,9 anos, e 50,9% eram do sexo masculino; 17,9% dos pacientes tinham câncer hematológico. O risco acumulado de falência de órgãos foi de 39,6% (IC95% 35 - 44) e o risco de internamento na unidade de terapia intensiva em pacientes com falência aguda de órgão foi de 15,0% (IC95% 12 - 18). À admissão em internamento, 62,1% dos pacientes foram considerados não elegíveis para terapia de substituição artificial de órgãos. O tempo mediano de seguimento foi de 9,5 meses. A mortalidade hospitalar foi de 17,5%, na unidade de terapia intensiva de 58,8%. A mediana de sobrevivência da coorte foi de 134 dias (IC95% 106 - 162). Na análise multivariada, a falência aguda de órgão se associou com a mortalidade aos 6 meses após a alta (hazard ratio: 1,6; IC95% 1,2 - 2,2). CONCLUSÃO: O risco de falência aguda de órgão em pacientes oncológicos admitidos para tratamento hospitalar não programado durante o tratamento sistémico foi de 39,6% e o risco de internamento em unidade de terapia intensiva foi de 15,0%. A falência aguda de órgão em pacientes oncológicos foi um fator de prognóstico independente para maior mortalidade intra-hospitalar e menor sobrevivência aos 6 meses após a alta.

Biomolecule profiles in inedible wild mushrooms with antioxidant value.

The use of natural products isolated from mushrooms, included inedible species, against infection, cancer diseases and other oxidative-stress related diseases is one of the cornerstones of modern medicine. In the present work, the antioxidant molecule profiles of inedible mushroom species were evaluated and compared with those of edible species. The order of antioxidant abundance found in inedible wild mushrooms was: phenolics > flavonoids > ascorbic acid > tocopherols > carotenoids, similar to that of edible species. Furthermore the same energetic biomolecules were found including the disaccharide trehalose, the monosaccharide alcohol derivative mannitol and the fatty acids palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids. Fomitopsis pinicola revealed a very high phenolics concentration (388 mg GAE/g extract) and powerful antioxidant properties, mainly reducing power (EC50) value 60 µg/mL similar to the standard Trolox®). It could find applications in the prevention of free radical-related diseases as a source of bioactive compounds.

Indoor Air Quality: Assessment of Dangerous Substances in Incense Products.

Indoor air pollution has obtained more attention in a moment where "stay at home" is a maximum repeated for the entire world. It is urgent to know the sources of pollutants indoors, to improve the indoor air quality. This study presents some results obtained for twelve incense products, used indoors, at home, and in temples, but also in spa centers or yoga gymnasiums, where the respiratory intensity is high, and the consequences on health could be more severe. The focus of this study was the gaseous emissions of different types of incense, performing a VOC screening and identifying some specific VOCs different from the usual ones, which are known or suspected to cause severe chronic health effects: carcinogenic, mutagenic, and reprotoxic. Thirteen compounds were selected: benzene, toluene, styrene, naphthalene, furfural, furan, isoprene, 2-butenal, phenol, 2-furyl methyl ketone, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein. The study also indicated that incense cone type shows a higher probability of being more pollutant than incense stick type, as from the 12 products tested, four were cone type, and three of them were in the group of the four higher polluters. Benzene and formaldehyde presented worrying levels in the major part of the products, above guideline values established by the WHO. Unfortunately, there are no limit values established for indoor air for all the compounds studied, but this fact should not exempt us from taking action to alert the population to the potential dangers of using those products. From this study, acetaldehyde, acrolein, furfural, and furan emerge as compounds with levels to deserve attention.

Chemical composition and evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities of Tuber and Terfezia truffles.

Ten truffle species of Tuber and Terfezia genera were chemical characterized, assessing their proximate composition, individual nutrient compounds and some bioactive molecules. The bioactive properties of these species were also evaluated, namely their antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential. Carbohydrates were the main macronutrients present in truffles, followed by proteins. Furthermore, the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), subsequently presented as a percentage, were higher in truffles (38.2-79.3%) except in Tuber magnatum and Terfezia arenaria, which have a more saturated fatty acids (SFA) profile (70.7% and 53.7%, respectively). Comparing the species, T. magnatum revealed the highest levels of total phenolic compounds (TPC) (290 mg GAE/100 g truffle), as also the best results in the four methods used to evaluate the antioxidant activity. On the other hand, only five extracts obtained from some studied truffle species (Terfezia magnusii, Tuber aestivum, Tuber gennadii, and Tuber melanosporum) showed a slight inhibition of microbial growth, tested against different bacteria. Terfezia and T. gennadii extracts, showed potential to inhibit the cellular growth of NCI-H460, HeLa, HepG2, and MCF-7 cell lines (GI50 concentrations range: 19-78, 33-301, 83-321 and 102-321 µg/mL, respectively), indicating anti-proliferative activity. Nevertheless, T. arenaria revealed some potential hepatotoxicity, inhibiting the growth of PLP2 cells (GI50 concentration of 220 µg/mL), a primary cell culture obtained from porcine liver.

Disseminated Saprochaete capitata fungal infection in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia.

The case highlights the importance of actively obtaining informative samples at an early stage and of prompt initiation of combination therapy with antifungal drugs.

Effects of A "Modified" Otago Exercise Program on the Functional Abilities and Social Participation of Older Adults Living in the Community-The AGA@4life Model.

Strength and balance exercises form part of multifactorial programs to reduce the risk of falling and promote active ageing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a strength and balance exercise program, adapted from the traditional Otago Exercise Program (OTAGO) into a technological system. A non-randomized experimental study enrolled 34 participants (83.24 ± 6.89 years) from a daycare center in Portugal, who were distributed into an intervention group (IG; 18 participants) and a control group (CG; 16 participants). The IG underwent a "modified" OTAGO incorporated in a technological system using pressure and inertial sensors, feedback, and Exergames for 8 weeks, 3 times a week. The CG continued their regular activities. Outcome measures were evaluated at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention. After the program, differences were observed between the groups in handgrip strength (p = 0.03), step test (p = 0.03), 4stage balance test "modified" (p < 0.001) and activities and participation profile related to mobility (PAPM) (p < 0.001). The IG showed positive results in the self-efficacy for exercise (p = 0.03), PAPM (p = 0.00) and all functional tests, except for timed up and go (p = 0.35). No significant changes were observed in the CG. The results support this intervention program as a good exercise solution to improve functional abilities, social participation, and self-efficacy, reducing the risk of falling.

Biobanking in the COVID-19 Era and Beyond: Part 2. A Set of Tool Implementation Case Studies.

The COVID-19 era has brought about a number of novel challenges for the global biobanking community. An array of diverse tools (e.g., standards, best practices, and plans) exists to support quality and fitness-for-purpose in biobank operations. The International Society for Biological and Environmental Repositories (ISBER) COVID-19 Response Task Force has set out to identify needs and gaps in these tools and make recommendations for the next generation of available tools, having closely examined the COVID-19-related challenges. While conducting this work to examine the relationships between tools and biobank adaptability, a subgroup of the task force conducted a parallel effort to develop and describe individual COVID-19 era case studies based on a number of operating biobanks. Each case study presents a different combination of implemented tools. Observations and lessons learned from these case studies are provided, and experiences with tool implementation are discussed. This information is supplemented by data relating to tool usefulness that was obtained through an ISBER survey discussed in a companion article. The knowledge gained from this study will be combined with other task force efforts to make recommendations to better position the biobanking community in their response to future emergencies.

Effects of A Personalized Intervention Program on the Biochemical and Hematological Profile in Community Dwelling Old Adults-The AGA@4life Intervention Model.

Aging is a social and economic challenge of the highest importance and a multidisciplinary intervention seems to be a promising approach for improving the quality of life of elderly individuals. This project was designed aimed at promoting an active and healthy aging through the implementation of an intervention program based on the comprehensive geriatric assessment model (AGA@4life), focused on promoting health and wellbeing, independence and autonomy, mobility, and social inclusion. A non-randomized interventional study was designed to evaluate the effect of only a dietetic and nutritional approach (control group (CG)) and the combination of a tailored exercise program and a dietetic and nutritional approach (intervention group (IG)) in the biochemical and hematological profile of older adults in the framework of AGA@4life. The 34 participants enrolled, aged 65 years or over, were subject to a thorough baseline (T0) multidisciplinary diagnostic evaluation, including the gathering of clinical information and a battery of biochemical and hematological determinations, and reevaluated after eight weeks of intervention (T1). Between T0 and T1, an increase in albumin and total proteins serum levels were observed in both groups (p < 0.01); the hematological profile in CG and IG showed an increase in red cell count and hemoglobin (p < 0.05). In IG, an increase of HDL cholesterol (p < 0.001) and a decrease of triglycerides (p = 0.001) were still observed. The AGA@4life multidisciplinary intervention improved the hematological and biochemical profile of old adults, potentially contributing to delay the development of several aging comorbidities and increase the quality of life of participants.