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Monoterpenes are secondary metabolites of plants belonging to the terpenoid class of natural products. They are the most abundant components of essential oils that are generally considered to have various pharmacological properties. These compounds are reported to have antidiabetic effects in recent years. Due to nature's complex biosynthetic machinery, they also exhibit a reasonable degree of structural complexity/diversity for further analysis in structure-activity studies. Therefore, monoterpenes as antidiabetic agents have been investigated by recent in vitro and in vivo studies extensively reported in the scientific literature and claimed by patent documents. The purpose of this survey is to provide a comprehensive and prospective review concerning the potential applications of monoterpenes in the treatment of diabetes. The data for this research were collected through the specialized databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect between the years 2014 and 2022, as well as the patent databases EPO, WIPO, and USPTO. The research used 76 articles published in the leading journals in the field. The main effect observed was the antidiabetic activity of monoterpenes. This review showed that monoterpenes can be considered promising agents for prevention and/or treatment of diabetes as well as have a marked pharmaceutical potential for the development of bioproducts for therapeutics applications.
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Introduction: Objective: to describe the effects of neuromodulation on the performance of executive functions in overweight and/or individuals with obesity. Methods: articles published in PubMed, ScienceDirect, BIREME, and Web of Science databases were selected using the following combination of descriptors: ("problem solving" OR "executive function" OR memory) AND (tDCS OR TMS) AND obesity. After applying the selection criteria, 08 articles were included for analysis. Results: the articles included had an average of 30.1 participants per study, with a minimum of 12 and a maximum of 76. The overall nutritional status ranged from underweight to grade 3 obesity, and the general mean body mass index was 28,1 kg/m2. Regarding the instruments used to assess executive functions, the most frequent were: the flanker paradigm; binocular rivalry for Continuous Flash Suppression (bCFS/NoCFS); Stroop task; Go/No-Go task; and N-back task. The primary outcomes were dependent on the neuromodulation target site. Reduced food craving and improved performance in the active group were observed from decreased response time and increased precision in cognitive tasks. Conclusion: neuromodulation can generate changes in executive functions, reducing food cravings in overweight and individuals with obesity.
Introducción: Objetivo: describir los efectos de la neuromodulación en el desempeño de funciones ejecutivas en pacientes con sobrepeso y/o obesidad. Métodos: se seleccionaron artículos publicados en las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect, BIREME y Web of Science utilizando la siguiente combinación de descriptores: ("resolución de problemas" O "función ejecutiva" O memoria) Y (tDCS O TMS) Y obesidad. Después de aplicar los criterios de selección, 08 artículos fueron incluidos para el análisis. Resultados: los artículos incluidos tuvieron un promedio de 30,1 participantes por estudio, con un mínimo de 12 y un máximo de 76. El estado nutricional general osciló entre bajo peso y obesidad grado 3, y el índice de masa corporal promedio general fue de 28,1 kg/m2. En cuanto a los instrumentos utilizados para evaluar las funciones ejecutivas, los más frecuentes fueron: paradigma del flanqueador; rivalidad binocular para la supresión continua de flash (bCFS/NoCFS); tarea de Stroop; Tarea Go/No-Go; y tarea N-back. Los resultados primarios dependieron del sitio objetivo de la neuromodulación. Se observó una reducción del antojo de alimentos y un mejor rendimiento en el grupo activo debido a la disminución del tiempo de respuesta y al aumento de la precisión en las tareas cognitivas. Conclusión: la neuromodulación puede generar cambios en las funciones ejecutivas, reduciendo el antojo de alimentos en personas con sobrepeso y obesidad.
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Obesidad , Sobrepeso , Humanos , Sobrepeso/terapia , Sobrepeso/psicología , Obesidad/terapia , Obesidad/psicología , Función Ejecutiva , Índice de Masa Corporal , AlimentosRESUMEN
Menthofuran is a monoterpene present in various essential oils derived from species from Mentha genus, and in Brazil, those species are widely used in treating gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders. Considering the wide pharmacological potential of monoterpenes, including their antioxidant activity, this study aimed to evaluate menthofuran-gastroprotective activity, as well as the involvement of antioxidant mechanisms in this effect. The acute toxicity was evaluated according to the fixed dose method. The antiulcerogenic activity was investigated by using experimental models of gastric ulcers induced by ethanol, indomethacin, and ischemia/reperfusion in rats. The antisecretory gastric activity, the catalase activity, and the gastric wall mucus were determined in pylorus ligated rats. Gastric wall nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPSH) group content, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were evaluated in ethanol-induced the gastric ulcer model. Menthofuran (2 g/kg) presented low acute toxicity and showed gastroprotective activity against ethanol-, indomethacin-, and ischemia/reperfusion-induced ulcers. Moreover, menthofuran presented antisecretory activity, reduced the total acidity, and increased pH of gastric secretion. On the other hand, a decrease in mucus content of gastric wall without alteration of gastric juice volume and catalase activity was observed. Interestingly, menthofuran increased NPSH levels and reduced MDA levels and MPO activity. Gastroprotective effects of menthofuran appear to be mediated, at least in part, by the NOS pathway, endogenous prostaglandins, reduced gastric juice acidity, increased concentration of the NPSH groups, and reduced lipidic peroxidation. These findings support the menthofuran as an effective gastroprotective agent, as well as the marked participation of antioxidant mechanisms in this response.
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The acute toxicity and hypokinetic activity induced by menthofuran on the gastrointestinal tract of rodents were investigated in the present study. An absence of acute toxicity was observed. Menthofuran delayed gastric emptying at oral doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg in the experimental model of phenol red, as well as it reduced the intestinal transit at oral doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg. Interestingly, a scopolamine-similar hypokinetic effect was observed for menthofuran. In the experimental model of castor oil-induced intestinal hypermotility, menthofuran (50 and 100 mg/kg) reduced the number of loose stools as observed for the normal group. Additionally, menthofuran induced a marked concentration-dependent relaxation in rat ileum segments precontracted with KCl (EC50 = 0.059 ± 0.008 µg/mL) or carbachol (EC50 = 0.068 ± 0.007 µg/mL). These results suggest the possible decrease of calcium influx underlying the effects of menthofuran on the gastrointestinal tract, which opens the door for further study regarding this potential application for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, noting possible limitations of its use due to adverse effects in children.
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Lycopene is a carotenoid with potential use in the treatment of chronic illnesses. Here, different formulations of lycopene were studied: lycopene-rich extract from red guava (LEG), purified lycopene from red guava (LPG) and a self-emulsifying drug delivery system loaded with LPG (nanoLPG). The effects of administering orally various doses of LEG to hypercholesterolemic hamsters were evaluated regarding the liver function of the animals. The cytotoxicity of LPG in Vero cells was analyzed by a crystal violet assay and by fluorescence microscopy. In addition, nanoLPG was employed in stability tests. LPG and nanoLPG were tested for their cytotoxic effect on human keratinocytes and antioxidant capacity on cells in an endothelial dysfunction model in an isolated rat aorta. Finally, the effect of different nanoLPG concentrations on the expression of immune-related genes (IL-10, TNF-α, COX-2 and IFN-γ) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using real-time PCR was also analyzed. Results suggest that LEG, despite not being able to improve blood markers indicative of liver function in hypercholesterolemic hamsters, reduced hepatic degenerative changes. Additionally, LPG did not show cytotoxicity in Vero cells. In relation to nanoLPG, the effects produced by heat stress evaluated by Dynamics Light Scattering (DLS) and visually were loss of color, texture change and phase separation after 15 days without interfering with the droplet size, so the formulation proved to be efficient in stabilizing the encapsulated lycopene. Although LPG and nanoLPG showed moderate toxicity to keratinocytes, which may be related to cell lineage characteristics, both revealed potent antioxidant activity. LPG and nanoLPG showed vasoprotective effects in aortic preparations. The gene expression assay indicates that, although no significant differences were observed in the expression of IL-10 and TNF-α, the PBMCs treated with nanoLPG showed a reduction in transcriptional levels of IFN-γ and an increased expression of COX-2. Thus, the work adds evidence to the safety of the use of lycopene by humans and shows that tested formulations, mainly nanoLPG due to its stability, stand out as promising and biosafe products for the treatment of diseases that have oxidative stress and inflammation in their etiopathology.
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INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus (DM), an important public health problem worldwide, can cause imbalances in the homeostasis of trace elements such as zinc (Zn). It is possible that an adequate nutritional status related to nutrients is essential for the normal functioning of antioxidant defense systems, and any change in the concentration of these substances could increase the chances of DM complications. OBJECTIVE: To present a review on the effect of zinc supplementation on glycemic control and oxidative stress in experimental diabetes. METHODS: This is a systematic review of articles that investigated the effects of zinc supplementation on glycemic control and oxidative stress in diabetic rats. The PICOS strategy was used for the development of the research question, and the Syrcle tool for the quality assessment of the studies included in the review. Articles available in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were included without restriction on year of publication. The Syrcle tool was used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies. RESULTS: Fifteen studies were included in the review, seven of which evaluated glycemic control and oxidative stress after zinc supplementation, five only oxidative stress and three only glycemic control after zinc treatment. In all the studies included, diabetes was induced by the administration of streptozotocin (STZ) at doses ranging from 40 to 100 mg/kg. Zinc supplementation was made in the diet or drinking water or by gavage or intraperitoneal injection. The most used doses were 100 mg/kg of body weight by gavage and 0.32 and 0.64 g/kg in diet. The supplementation period ranged from 14 days to 8 weeks. Six studies revealed that zinc supplementation decreased fasting blood glucose as well as insulin resistance; nine studies included in this review reported decreased MDA concentration; in five studies, there was an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (GPx, SOD, GSH and catalase); and one of the studies reported a reduction in glycated hemoglobin. CONCLUSION: Zinc supplementation improved hyperglycemia and revealed a protective potential against oxidative stress associated with experimental diabetes.
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Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Agua Potable , Oligoelementos , Animales , Antioxidantes , Glucemia , Catalasa/metabolismo , Catalasa/farmacología , Catalasa/uso terapéutico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Suplementos Dietéticos , Hemoglobina Glucada , Control Glucémico , Estrés Oxidativo , Ratas , Estreptozocina/farmacología , Estreptozocina/uso terapéutico , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/farmacología , Oligoelementos/uso terapéutico , ZincRESUMEN
This study aimed to investigate the effects of oral administration of Platonia insignis Mart. ("bacuri") seed butter (BSB) on oxidative stress and diabetes mellitus-related parameters in streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced in female Wistar rats (180-250 g) by the intraperitoneal administration of STZ (45 mg/kg, b.w). BSB (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) was administered to animals for four weeks. The effect on weight gain, food intake, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, hepatic transaminases, plasma and liver TBARS and MPO activity, erythrocyte SOD activity, non-protein sulfhydryl groups (SH-NP), and histopathology of the liver tissue was investigated. BSB at the dose of 100 mg/kg had a positive effect on the reduction in glycated hemoglobin percentage and increased albumin concentration, as well as decreased ALT and AST levels and increased SH-NP liver levels in treated animals compared to normal control rats. Moreover, BSB had no effects on weight gain, food intake, and fasting glucose. Thus, the BSB presented marked properties in improvement of hepatic antioxidant defenses, which demonstrates BSB as a potential hepatoprotective agent in metabolic disorders.
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In the present study, the effects of cryolipolysis on one and multiple body areas, assessing body composition, lipid profile and peroxidation and inflammatory markers were investigated. Twenty-four women aged between 20 and 59 years were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) control, (2) cryolipolysis on the abdomen and (3) cryolipolysis on the abdomen + flanks. Anthropometric measurements, bioimpedance and ultrasound were performed, as well serum lipid profile, lipid peroxidation markers (malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase) and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and Interleukin-1ß) were determined. In addition, food consumption and physical activity level were evaluated. Data were obtained at 0, 10 and 30 days (t0, t10 and t30) after cryolipolysis. Cryolipolysis did not change anthropometric measurements, body composition or lipid profile. Interestingly, the abdomen + flanks group had significantly increased plasma myeloperoxidase activity at t0, t10 and t30, and increased malondialdehyde levels at t0 and t10 when compared to the other groups. Furthermore, there were no differences between macronutrient intake and total energy value, physical activity level, malondialdehyde and interleukin-1ß at t30. Cryolipolysis did not change body composition, lipid profile or inflammatory markers investigated. On the other hand, when used on the abdomen and flanks, it produced an increase in lipid peroxidation markers, malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase.
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Metabolic syndrome, especially its component related to dyslipidemia, is related to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is a disease with a significant global prevalence. Supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids emerged as a complementary therapeutic possibility for dyslipidemia, but its benefits are questioned. This paper aims at evaluating the effects of fish oil supplementation in rats with hypercholesterolemia induced by hypercholesterolemic diet (HD). The study design is based on an experimental model in which the animals were randomly divided into 3 groups: G1 (standard commercial feed + saline solution); G2 (hypercholesterolemic diet + saline solution) and G3 (hypercholesterolemic diet + fish oil) over a period of 16 weeks. Metabolic control parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated according to standardized methodologies. The G3 group showed significantly lower values of plasma concentrations of TG, and hepatic myeloperoxidase as well as higher erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity (p < 0.05). Regarding histopathological analysis, there was lipid accumulation in the liver of animals from group G2; meanwhile, hepatocytes reorganization and expressive reduction of lipid vacuoles and hepatic TG content was observed in group G3. This study demonstrated how fish oil supplementation reduced the plasma concentration and hepatic content of triglycerides, as well as liver tissue damage in histopathological analysis.
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Aceites de Pescado , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico , Animales , Biomarcadores , Suplementos Dietéticos , Aceites de Pescado/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo , RatasRESUMEN
Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease associated with abnormalities of vascular functions. The consumption of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids can be considered a strategy to reduce clinical events related to atherosclerosis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of supplementation with 310 mg of ω-3 PUFAs (2:1 eicosapentaenoic/docosahexaenoic acids) for 56 days on rats with hypercholesterolemia induced by a diet containing cholesterol (0.1%), cholic acid (0.5%), and egg yolk. Serum biochemical parameters were determined by the enzymatic colorimetric method. Assessment of vascular effects was performed by analysis of histological sections of the heart and aortic arch stained with hematoxylin and eosin and vascular reactivity of the aorta artery. We observed that treatment with ω-3 PUFAs did not promote alterations in lipid profile. On the other hand, we documented a favorable reduction in liver biomarkers, as well as contributions to the preservation of heart and aortic arch morphologies. Interestingly, the vascular reactivity of rat thoracic aortic preparations was improved after treatment with ω-3 PUFAs, with a decrease in hyperreactivity to phenylephrine and increased vasorelaxation promoted by acetylcholine. Our findings suggest that the supplementation of hypercholesterolemic rats with ω-3 PUFAs promoted improvement in liver and vascular endothelial function as well as preserving heart and aortic tissue, reinforcing the early health benefits of ω-3 PUFAs in the development of atherosclerotic plaque and further related events.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence of overweight and abdominal fat in adult population in the urban area of Teresina-PI. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with probabilistic sample by conglomerates. The study evaluated 464 adults, 20 to 59 years of age living in the urban area of Teresina-PI. Nutritional status was classified by the body mass index (BMI) and abdominal fat accumulation was estimated according to waist circumference. The significance level was set at 5% (p<0.05). RESULTS: Prevalence of overweight and obesity according to nutritional status based on BMI was, respectively, 30.0% and 7.7%. There was an increase in the proportion of overweight and obesity among men with progressively higher family income. Highest rates of obesity were found among individuals 50 to 59 years of age with stable marriages and nonsmokers. No association was found between individual or family income and presence of abdominal fat in the population. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of overweight in the study population follows the Brazilian trend. Proportions of overweight and obesity were higher among men and increased with age. Women and married persons showed a greater tendency for abdominal obesity.
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Grasa Abdominal , Obesidad/epidemiología , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Factores de Edad , Índice de Masa Corporal , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Actividad Motora , Obesidad Abdominal/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Circunferencia de la Cintura , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the treatment with bacuri seed butter (BB) on body weight, growth, body mass index, lipid profile, atherosclerotic indices, and liver function in dyslipidemic hamsters. Freshly weaned, male hamsters were divided into four groups: (1) normal group (NG)-maintained with standard chow (AIN-93G); (2) dyslipidemia group (DG)-maintained with hyperlipidemic chow (AIN-93G modified) throughout the follow-up period; (3) bacuri seed butter 25 mg/kg/day (BB-25); and (4) bacuri seed butter 50 mg/kg/day (BB-50). BB groups (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) were also maintained with hyperlipidemic chow throughout the follow-up period, and the treatment started after 21 days receiving a hyperlipidemic diet to induce hypercholesterolemia and maintained for 28 days. No significant differences in triglycerides and total cholesterol were observed for BB-25 and BB-50 groups when compared with NG and DG groups. On the contrary, BB-25 and BB-50 induced both increase of HDL-c (51.40 ± 1.69 and 51.00 ± 2.34, respectively) and decrease of LDL-c (103.80 ± 6.87 and 100.50 ± 3.95, respectively) when compared with DG (41.00 ± 2.94 and 132.70 ± 9.41, respectively). In addition, BB promoted a reduction in the risk of atherosclerotic disease by decreasing (p < 0.05) the atherogenic index, coronary artery risk index, and LDL/CT ratio (p < 0.05) and increasing HDL/CT ratio. On the contrary, no changes were observed in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels or in body weight, growth, body mass index, or liver function parameters. Thus, bacuri seed butter at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg/day has positive repercussions on the lipid profile, more precisely on plasma HDL-c and LDL-c, and additionally promotes reduction in the risk of atherosclerosis in hamsters.
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The scope of this study was to analyze the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and lipid parameters. It was a cross-sectional study performed with high school adolescents. Food consumption was analyzed by means of a 24-hour food recall form, where UPF were identified in line with the NOVA system of food classification. The total cholesterol levels, HDL-c and triglycerides were determined by enzymatic colorimetry and the LDL-c fraction estimated by formula. The Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney was used to compare averages, and linear regression to make associations among the variables. The results show that UPF consumption was more frequent in female adolescents between 17 and 19 years of age, with a family income above two minimum wages and from private schools. It was observed that individuals in the upper third of UPF consumption had a higher energetic, carbohydrate and sodium intake, with a lower intake of proteins and fibers. Moreover, it was found that a higher UPF intake was negatively associated with HDL-c levels and positively associated with triglyceride levels and dyslipidemia. Therefore, UPF is associated with a worsening of the nutritional profile of the diet and contributes to negative changes in the lipid parameters of young individuals.
O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a associação entre o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados (AUP) e parâmetros lipídicos. Estudo transversal realizado com adolescentes de ensino médio. O consumo alimentar foi analisado por meio de recordatório alimentar de 24h, sendo os AUP identificados de acordo com a NOVA classificação de alimentos. Os níveis de colesterol total, HDL-c e triglicérides, foram determinados por colorimetria enzimática e a fração de LDL-c estimada por fórmula. Utilizou-se o teste t de Student ou Mann-Whitney para comparação de médias e regressão linear para realizar associações entre as variáveis. Os resultados mostram que o consumo de AUP foi mais frequente nas adolescentes do sexo feminino, entre a faixa etária 17 a 19 anos, com renda familiar superior a dois salários mínimos e de escolas particulares. Nota-se que os indivíduos no maior tercil de consumo de AUP apresentaram maior ingestão energética, de carboidratos e de sódio, com menor ingestão de proteínas e de fibras. Observou-se, ainda, que o maior consumo de AUP foi associado negativamente aos níveis de HDL-c e positivamente aos níveis de triglicerídeos e dislipidemia. Portanto, os AUP estão associados a uma piora no perfil nutricional da dieta e alterações negativas nos parâmetros lipídicos de jovens.
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Dieta , Comida Rápida , Lípidos , Adolescente , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas sobre Dietas , Femenino , Humanos , Lípidos/sangre , MasculinoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To verify the relationship of intermittent fasting in the bodyweight of overweight and obese individuals through a systematic literature review. METHODS: This is a systematic review based on randomized controlled trials. The articles were consulted in the databases: Science Direct, PubMed e BVS. This review was evaluated through the PRISMA recommendation. RESULTS: After the selection process, four articles were included in this review, comparing intermittent fasting (IF) with calorie restriction diet (CRD) as a control group. In 2 studies using similar protocols, there was no significant reduction in body weight of overweight or obese subjects. In the other two studies using different protocols, weight loss was significant in the IF group compared to the CRD group. CONCLUSIONS: Results did not provide evidence of the effect of intermittent fasting on weight loss in overweight or obese individuals.
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Peso Corporal/fisiología , Ayuno/fisiología , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Pérdida de Peso/fisiología , Restricción Calórica/métodos , Dieta Reductora/métodos , Humanos , Obesidad/metabolismo , Sobrepeso/metabolismo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The increase in the input of ultra-processed ingredients in the food of children and adolescents is related to the development of noncommunicable diseases such as dyslipidemia. The scope of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the relationship of consumption of ultra-processed foods in the lipid profile of children and adolescents. A search in the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane and LILACS databases was carried out to locate cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, with or without intervention, in apparently healthy children and/or adolescents, who had the intake of ultra-processed food as an exposure variable and the lipid profile as an outcome. After screening, 14 studies were included, of which nine demonstrated that ultra-processed food consumption was related to increased LDL-c, total cholesterol, triglycerides and a reduction in HDL-c. Three studies found no relationship and two demonstrated that the increased intake of ready-to-eat cereals was related to the decrease in total cholesterol and LDL-c. There was a high consumption of ultra-processed foods and positive relation with blood lipids among children and adolescents, which calls attention to interventions, such as nutritional education, with a view to reducing the intake of these foods.
O aumento da participação de alimentos ultraprocessados na alimentação de crianças e adolescentes está relacionado ao desenvolvimento de agravos não transmissíveis, como dislipidemia. Objetivou-se realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre a relação do consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e o perfil lipídico de crianças e adolescentes. Realizou-se uma busca nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane e LILACS por estudos com desenhos transversais e longitudinais, com ou sem intervenção; em crianças e/ou adolescentes aparentemente saudáveis, que tivessem a ingestão de alimento ultraprocessado como variável de exposição e o perfil lipídico como desfecho. Após triagem, 14 estudos foram incluídos, destes, nove demonstraram que o consumo de ultraprocessados estava relacionado com o aumento do LDL-c, colesterol total, triglicerídeos e diminuição do HDL-c. Três estudos não encontraram nenhuma relação e dois demonstraram que a maior ingestão de cereais prontos estava relacionada com a diminuição de colesterol total e LDL-c. Observou-se elevado consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e relação positiva com lipídios sanguíneos em crianças e adolescentes o que chama atenção para a realização de intervenções, como educação nutricional, com vistas a reduzir a ingestão desses alimentos.
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Comida Rápida , Enfermedades no Transmisibles , Adolescente , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Dieta , Manipulación de Alimentos , Humanos , Lípidos , Estudios LongitudinalesRESUMEN
This work assessed the effects of a 28-day treatment with lycopene-rich extract (LRE) from red guava fruit (Psidium guajava L.) on the lipid profile and oxidative stress in an experimental model of dyslipidemia. Male hamsters (116.5 ± 2.16 g) were fed with the AIN 93G diet containing casein (20%), coconut fat (13.5%) and cholesterol (0.1%). The animals were divided into four groups: normolipidemic control (standard feed; NC, n = 7); hypercholesterolemic control (HC, n = 7); LRE 25 mg/kg/day (LRE-25, n = 7) and LRE 50 mg/kg/day (LRE-50, n = 9). After treatment, plasma concentrations of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-c), malondialdehyde (MDA-p) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), as well as erythrocytic superoxide dismutase (SOD-e) and the atherogenic index, were determined. Malondialdehyde (MDA-h), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD-h) levels were assessed. Feed intake (FI) and weight gain (WG) were also determined. The LRE-25 group presented significantly lower TG levels and atherogenic index than did the HC group (p < 0.05). Both LRE-25 and LRE-50 groups presented lower levels of MDA-p and MPO than did the HC group (p < 0.05). LRE demonstrated a promising effect against dyslipidemia and oxidative stress.
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Dislipidemias/inducido químicamente , Licopeno/química , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Psidium , Triglicéridos/sangre , Animales , Biomarcadores/sangre , Cricetinae , Grasas de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Grasas de la Dieta/efectos adversos , Dislipidemias/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Extractos Vegetales/químicaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the knowledge of breastfeeding (BF) and supplementary feeding (SF) of professionals in the Primary Health Care. METHOD: Cross-sectional study, with 168 professionals, conducted between June and September 2016. The Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare means of percentage of knowledge about BF and SF, by professional category and contingency testing, for association between variables. RESULTS: From the total of professionals, 39.29% of them demonstrated good knowledge about BF and 2.38% about SF; 74.4% of respondents reported not knowing the program Brazilian Breastfeeding and Feeding Strategy (EAAB - Estratégia Amamenta e Alimenta Brasil). There was a positive association between professionals' level of knowledge about BF and education (p=0.04), occupation (p=0.05) and healthcare in BF (p=0.04). Regarding the level of knowledge about SF, there was association between education (p<0.01) and healthcare in SF (p=0.04). CONCLUSION: The professionals have greater knowledge about breastfeeding when compared to supplementary feeding.
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Lactancia Materna/métodos , Competencia Clínica/normas , Personal de Salud/normas , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales del Lactante , Adulto , Brasil , Competencia Clínica/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Personal de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The pathological status of obesity can influence COVID-19 from its initial clinical presentation, therefore, the identification of clinical and laboratory parameters most affected in the presence of obesity can contribute to improving the treatment of the disease. OBJECTIVE: To identify the clinical, laboratory, and tomographic characteristics associated with obesity and BMI at t hospital admission in adult patients with COVID-19. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional observational study with a total of 315 participants with COVID-19 confirmed by rt-PCR. The participants were divided into non-Obese (n=203) and Obese (n=112). Physical examinations, laboratory tests, and computed tomography of the chest were performed during the first 2 days of hospitalization. RESULTS: Patients with obesity were younger, and they had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, higher frequency of alcoholism, fever, cough, and headache, higher ALT, LDH, and red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin, hematocrit, and percentage of lymphocytes. Also, they presented a lower value of leukocyte count and Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio (RNL). The parameters positively correlated with BMI were alcoholism, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fever, cough, sore throat, number of symptoms, ALT in men, LDH, magnesium, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and percentage of lymphocytes. The parameters negatively correlated with the BMI were: age and RNL. CONCLUSION: Several parameters were associated with obesity at hospital admission, revealing better than expected results. However, these results should be interpreted with great caution, as there may be some influence of a phenomenon called the Obesity Paradox that can distort the severity and prognosis of the patient.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Admisión del Paciente , Tomografía , Biomarcadores , Índice de Masa Corporal , Técnicas de Laboratorio Clínico , COVID-19 , Obesidad , Estudios TransversalesRESUMEN
Objective: To determine the impact of COVID-19 on vitamin E concentrations and oxidative stress in patients affected by the disease. Method: We conducted a systematic review using observational studies published between 2020 and 2023, which addressed the impact of COVID-19 on vitamin E concentrations and oxidative stress in patients affected by the disease. Review articles, clinical trials, letters to the editor, as well as studies conducted with pregnant women, animals and/or in vitro tests, and in languages other than English were excluded from this search. Studies were selected through a literature search in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science, from October 2022 to May 2023. Results: Three articles were included in this review, consisting of patients with mild to severe symptoms, including those hospitalized in the intensive care unit. The reduction in vitamin E concentrations was in all studies accompanied by a reduction in enzymes involved in antioxidant action, such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. In parallel to this, studies showed elevated concentrations of lipid peroxidation markers, such as malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase. Conclusion: Infection with the SARS-COV-2 alters the activity of antioxidant cells and free radical defense agents.
Objetivo: Determinar el impacto del COVID-19 sobre las concentraciones de vitamina E y el estrés oxidativo en pacientes afectados por la enfermedad. Método: Se trata de una Revisión Sistemática, realizada mediante una prospección de estudios observatorios publicados entre 2020 y 2023, que abordaron el impacto de la COVID-19 sobre las concentraciones de vitamina E y el estrés oxidativo en pacientes afectados por la enfermedad. Se excluyeron de esta búsqueda artículos de revisión, ensayos clínicos, cartas al editor, así como estudios realizados con mujeres embarazadas, animales y/o ensayos in vitro, y en idiomas distintos al inglés. Los estudios se seleccionaron mediante una búsqueda bibliográfica en las siguientes bases de datos electrónicas: PubMed, Science Direct y Web of Science, desde octubre de 2022 hasta mayo de 2023. Resultados: Se incluyeron tres artículos en esta revisión, que consistían en pacientes con síntomas de leves a graves, incluidos los hospitalizados en la unidad de terapia intensiva. La reducción de las concentraciones de vitamina E se acompañó en todos los estudios de una reducción de las enzimas implicadas en la acción antioxidante, como la superóxido dismutasa, la glutatión peroxidasa y la glutatión reductasa. Paralelamente, los estudios mostraron concentraciones elevadas de marcadores de peroxidación lipídica, como el malondialdehído y la mieloperoxidasa. Conclusiones: La infección por el virus del SARS-CoV-2 altera la actividad de las células antioxidantes y de los agentes de defensa contra los radicales libres.
RESUMEN
Introduction: Vitamin C supplementation has been seen as a supportive treatment to control and prevent complications of COVID-19 by enhancing the immune response against infection. However, the effects of high doses of this vitamin are not yet fully understood. Objective: To analyze the effects of high-dose vitamin C in patients with COVID-19. Methods: This was a systematic review, using original studies published from April 2020 to November 2022 in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Web of Science databases. The combination of descriptors registered in Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) used to search for articles were: (("vitamin C" OR "ascorbic acid") AND ("COVID-19" OR "SARS-CoV-2" OR "coronavirus")). Original articles of clinical trials conducted with patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and submitted to high-dose vitamin C supplementation were included. Results: Eligible studies included patients in intensive care units, wards, or outpatient clinics, who were given doses of vitamin C, ranging from 6,000 to 8,000 mg/day, with an average duration of 6.25 days of supplementation and mostly intravenous administration. A reduction in fever and myalgia was observed, as well as an improvement in oxygen saturation and lung impairment rate. Conclusion: The role of high-dose vitamin C in patients affected by COVID-19 requires further study, however, to date, the results have been promising for symptom reduction and improvement in lung function and oxygenation.
Introducción: La administración de suplementos de vitamina C se ha considerado un tratamiento de apoyo para controlar y prevenir las complicaciones del COVID-19 al mejorar la respuesta inmunitaria contra la infección. Sin embargo, los efectos de dosis elevadas de esta vitamina aún no se conocen en su totalidad. Objetivo: Analizar los efectos de altas dosis de vitamina C en pacientes con COVID-19. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio de revisión sistemática, utilizando artículos originales publicados desde abril de 2020 hasta noviembre de 2022 en las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus y Web of Science. Para la búsqueda de los artículos se utilizó la combinación de descriptores registrados en Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): (("vitamin C" OR "ascorbic acid") AND ("COVID-19" OR "SARS-CoV-2" OR "coronavirus")). Se incluyeron artículos originales de tipo ensayo clínico realizados con pacientes diagnosticados con COVID-19 y sometidos a suplementación con altas dosis de vitamina C. Resultados: Los estudios elegibles se realizaron con pacientes ingresados en unidades de cuidados intensivos, salas o ambulatorios, a los que se administraron dosis de vitamina C que oscilaban entre 6.000 y 8.000 mg/día, con una duración media de 6,25 días de suplementación y vía de administración mayoritariamente intravenosa. Se observó una reducción de la fiebre y las mialgias, además de una mejoría de la saturación de oxígeno y de la tasa de compromiso pulmonar. Conclusión: El papel de las dosis altas de vitamina C en pacientes afectados por COVID-19 requiere más estudios; sin embargo, hasta la fecha, los resultados han sido prometedores en cuanto a la reducción de los sintomas, y la mejora de la función pulmonar y la oxigenación.