Correlations to and potential implications of resilience among certified pharmacy technicians.

OBJECTIVES: To assess resilience among a sample of certified pharmacy technicians in the United States and evaluate associations between resilience and various personal and work-related characteristics and conditions, including coworker support and pharmacist leadership behaviors, and to assess the relationship between technicians' resilience and support from coworkers and commitment to their organization. METHODS: This study employed the use of a self-administered questionnaire survey electronically in a cross-sectional design. The questionnaire was delivered with a response portal open for approximately 6 weeks during the spring of 2022 to a sample of 3000 technicians certified through the National Healthcareer Association. The questionnaire consisted of items comprising the Brief Resilience Scale, an adapted version of the Multifactorial Leadership Questionnaire (A-MLQ), and items measuring aspects of coworker support, future uncertainty, commitment, and turnover, in addition to demographic and practice site-related questions. RESULTS: Usable responses were acquired from 822 respondents, who reported relatively high levels of resilience. Resilience was observed to be positively correlated with pharmacy transformative leadership behaviors measured on the A-MLQ and with coworker support and negatively correlated with future uncertainty. Respondents indicating the highest level of profession commitment reported a statistically higher level of resilience than did others. There were very few relationships observed between resilience and technicians' personal characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Immutable characteristics (e.g., race/ethnicity, sex, and age) played a very small role in describing resilience among pharmacy technicians. Instead, organizational characteristics of the workplace were shown to be highly associative with resilience of technicians, adding further evidence that organizations and the profession can help facilitate resilience among these important pharmacy support personnel.

Impact of a Pharmacist-Led Diabetes Care Service for Hispanic Patients at a Free Medical Clinic.

This article describes a pharmacist-led diabetes care program implemented at a local free clinic for underserved Hispanic patients with low or no income. Patients are referred to the pharmacist after diagnosis with diabetes for a consultation that includes disease state education, diet/lifestyle education, medication management, and follow-up. The pharmacist works with patients to ensure timely follow-up and adequate medication adjustments to achieve goals. In its first 16 months, this service led to a statistically significant decrease in A1C for Hispanic patients, with an average 2 percentage point reduction in A1C.

The physician perspective on pharmacist-physician collaboration and trust.

BACKGROUND: Health care has shifted to focus less on individual practitioners and more on providing interprofessional and collaborative patient care. A strong working relationship among pharmacists and physicians is imperative for patient care and safety. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this research was to examine physician perspectives of the relationship between physicians and pharmacists, specifically evaluating the qualities and actions necessary for pharmacists to establish trust to provide the best quality of patient care. METHODS: Semistructured qualitative key informant interviews were conducted with 11 physicians. Questions were designed to gather information about the physicians' experiences with pharmacists and perceived barriers and opportunities for building trust and collaboration. The Unified Theory of Trust and Collaboration was used as a theoretical framework. RESULTS: The ability to cooperate was the most important aspect identified by all 11 physicians in creating effective collaboration along with respect, knowledge, communication, and trust. Common barriers identified with the pharmacist-physician relationship were the lack of identity, rapport, knowledge, positive attitude, and communication. CONCLUSION: Building trust and narrowing the gaps of communication are crucial in achieving effective collaborative practice among health professionals. Pharmacists and physicians must have the capability to cooperate with one another, understand the common moral responsibility they share, recognize the implications of their personal behavior on their professional relationships, and focus on their scope of practice without crossing boundaries. Through positive behaviors of civility, communication, adaption, and mutual respect in their individual roles, pharmacists and physicians can enhance their relationship and practice collaboratively.

Literature Review of Type 2 Diabetes Management and Health Literacy.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this literature review was to identify educational approaches addressing low health literacy for people with type 2 diabetes. Low health literacy can lead to poor management of diabetes, low engagement with health care providers, increased hospitalization rates, and higher health care costs. These challenges can be even more profound among minority populations and non-English speakers in the United States. METHODS: A literature search and standard data extraction were performed using PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE databases. A total of 1,914 articles were identified, of which 1,858 were excluded based on the inclusion criteria, and 46 were excluded because of a lack of relevance to both diabetes management and health literacy. The remaining 10 articles were reviewed in detail. RESULTS: Patients, including ethnic minorities and non-English speakers, who are engaged in diabetes education and health literacy improvement initiatives and ongoing follow-up showed significant improvement in A1C, medication adherence, medication knowledge, and treatment satisfaction. Clinicians considering implementing new interventions to address diabetes care for patients with low health literacy can use culturally tailored approaches, consider ways to create materials for different learning styles and in different languages, engage community health workers and pharmacists to help with patient education, use patient-centered medication labels, and engage instructors who share cultural and linguistic similarities with patients to provide educational sessions. CONCLUSION: This literature review identified a variety of interventions that had a positive impact on provider-patient communication, medication adherence, and glycemic control by promoting diabetes self-management through educational efforts to address low health literacy.

Pharmacy patient perceptions of pharmacy technicians as immunizers.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to gather pharmacy patient perceptions about receiving immunizations from pharmacy technicians. Specifically, researchers sought to understand if pharmacy patients were comfortable with being immunized by a pharmacy technician, and also if knowing the technician personally, knowing that the technician was trained to immunize, the waiting time, or the patient age were factors that changed the patient comfort level. METHODS: Qualitative, semi-structured, key informant interviews were conducted using a 12-item interview script. Participants were walk-in patients from 3 chain community pharmacies in a state in which technicians have not started to administer immunizations, but in which the practice is not prohibited. RESULTS: A total of 46 pharmacy patients were interviewed and the following 4 themes emerged from the resulting transcripts: pharmacy patients support immunization by pharmacy technicians to increase the accessibility and decrease the waiting time, even for pediatric patients; patients value positive, trusting relationships with the pharmacy team, and knowing technicians had proper immunization technique training added to the patients' feelings of comfort; participants believed that allowing technicians to immunize would broaden the technician's responsibilities and balance the workload among the pharmacy team; and some patients still choose not to be vaccinated at a pharmacy. CONCLUSION: This study sought to gather pharmacy patient perspectives about receiving immunizations from pharmacy technicians. The results showed that pharmacy patients support the additional role of pharmacy technicians as immunizers in general. Participants also provided information that can be applied by pharmacy leaders as more technicians begin to administer immunizations.

Using the patient activation measure during a pharmacist-led rural patient home visit pilot project.

BACKGROUND: Many pharmacists use motivational interviewing as a tool to inspire patients to engage in managing their health. Assessing patient engagement and willingness to actively participate in chronic disease management is a necessary component in improving activation and health outcomes. The patient activation measure (PAM) is a validated assessment tool used to give providers insight into a patient's level of confidence, knowledge, and skills in self-managing their health. In 2017, 2 pharmacists conducted patient home visits using care coordinators to identify patients who would benefit from pharmacist intervention. The PAM-13 was integrated into the pharmacist-led home visits to collect information on patient activation and engagement in addressing their own health problems. OBJECTIVES: To describe the implementation of the PAM-13 in pharmacist-led patient home visits and to analyze the collected patient PAM-13 scores and levels to determine whether change occurred after meeting with a pharmacist. METHODS: The PAM was used as part of a pilot program involving pharmacist-led patient home visits to assess drug-related problems within a cohort of high-risk rural patients with uncontrolled chronic conditions. RESULTS: During this 6-month study, PAM-13 scores decreased in 3 patients, increased in 9 patients, and did not change in 2 patients whereas PAM-13 levels decreased in 2 patients, increased in 7 patients, and did not change for 5 patients. CONCLUSION: PAM-13 was used as part of a pilot program involving pharmacist-led patient home visits with a cohort of high-risk rural patients with uncontrolled hypertension and diabetes. PAM-13 is a useful tool that could help pharmacists provide targeted motivational interviewing and medication management by assessing and improving patient activation and engagement.

Rural patient perceptions of pharmacist-provided chronic condition management in a state with provider status.

OBJECTIVE: To understand rural patient opinions regarding their willingness to participate in pharmacist-provided chronic condition management. DESIGN: Qualitative semi-structured key informant interview using The Concept of Access as a theoretical framework. SETTING: Three community pharmacies serving patients in rural Washington State from November 2016 to November 2017. PARTICIPANTS: Current patients from 3 rural independent community pharmacies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Qualitative analysis of patient attitudes, acceptance, perceptions, and preferences regarding pharmacist-provided chronic condition management services in a community pharmacy. RESULTS: Eighteen key informant interviews were conducted between November 2016 and November 2017. Five themes were identified: trust between the pharmacist, patient, and physician is key; patients already value pharmacists' knowledge about chronic condition medications; participants identified the pharmacist as the first point of contact with regard to understanding appropriate use of medications to treat medical conditions; implementing clinical services in the community pharmacy setting may reduce the need for doctors' visits and improve timely patient care; and creating designated clinical space, appointment options, and efficient service may increase patient accommodation. CONCLUSION: Management of chronic conditions continues to be one of the largest health care expenditures in the United States. One promising method of addressing this public health concern is through sustainable clinical pharmacy services. The themes identified in this study provide insight into factors that community pharmacists might consider as medical provider status continues to gain momentum and the use of clinical pharmacy services becomes more prominent.

Supervising pharmacists' opinions about pharmacy technicians as immunizers.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the opinions of pharmacists who supervise immunizing pharmacy technicians regarding initial trust of immunizing technicians, perceived quality of the training program, need for additional on-the-job training, frequency of technician utilization, and recommendations for other pharmacists who are considering implementation of an immunizing technician. SETTING: Albertsons pharmacies located in the state of Idaho in May 2017. PRACTICE DESCRIPTION AND INNOVATION: Qualitative descriptive study of semistructured key informant interviews with Idaho pharmacists who currently supervise a pharmacy technician trained to administer immunizations. EVALUATION: Informant interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded to evaluate key themes. RESULTS: Nineteen individual pharmacist interviews were conducted at different Albertsons pharmacy locations in the state of Idaho. Pharmacists in this study felt that their immunizing technicians were properly trained to administer immunizations, capable of giving immunizations, and empowered by their new role within the pharmacy. Participants expressed challenges with initial comfort in allowing a technician to immunize, support of this new advanced technician role, and additional on-the-job training for individual technicians. Findings also included a pharmacist-perceived increase in vaccination rates and recommendation for other technicians to be trained to administer immunizations. CONCLUSION: Community pharmacists who supervise pharmacy technicians trained to administer immunizations were receptive to this new advanced technician role. Pharmacists' opinions revealed that working with newly trained immunizing pharmacy technicians has not only positively affected the morale of their team, but can help to increase the number of vaccinations given by the pharmacy. Understanding pharmacist perceptions about technicians as immunizers may lead to regulation changes and adoption of this advanced technician role.

Pharmacist, physician, and patient opinions of pharmacist-treated minor ailments and conditions.

OBJECTIVES: To determine physician, pharmacist, and patient perceptions of pharmacist-provided treatment services for minor ailments and conditions and to assess the potential for community pharmacists to improve access to care in medically underserved areas. DESIGN: Qualitative and quantitative semi-structured key informant interview. SETTING: Rural eastern Washington State from March to June 2016. PARTICIPANTS: Physicians, pharmacists, and pharmacy patients in rural eastern Washington State. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Qualitative analysis of physician, pharmacist, and patient perceptions of pharmacist-provided treatment services for minor ailments and conditions in a rural community. Quantitative analysis of physician pharmacist and patient interest in seeking treatment from a pharmacist for specific minor ailments or conditions. RESULTS: Eighteen key informant interviews were conducted between March and June 2016. Four themes emerged, including the existing need for pharmacist-provided treatment services for minor ailments and conditions in rural communities; rural providers have positive and trusting relationships with community pharmacists; pharmacists can take steps to increase physician interest in signing a collaborative drug therapy agreement; and the positive existing relationship between the patient and the community pharmacist can be the foundation for implementing treatment services for minor ailments and conditions. Physicians are most interested in pharmacist treatment of allergic rhinitis (100%) and insect stings (83%). Patients are most interested in seeking treatment for swimmer's ear (100%); human, dog, or cat bites (100%); or strep throat (100%). Pharmacists are most interested in treating allergic rhinitis (100%), insect stings (83%), and swimmer's ear (83%). CONCLUSIONS: Physicians, pharmacists, and patients in rural communities support pharmacists implementing treatment services for minor ailments and conditions. All parties involved agreed that the need for treatment services for minor ailments and conditions in rural communities already exists.

Training pharmacy technicians to administer immunizations.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of an immunization training program for pharmacy technicians on technicians' self-reported confidence, knowledge, and number of vaccines administered. METHODS: A one-group pre- and posttest study was conducted with certified pharmacy technicians from Albertsons and Safeway community pharmacies in Idaho. Thirty pharmacy technicians were recruited to participate in an immunization administration training program comprising a 2-hour home study and a 2-hour live training. Pharmacy technician scores on a 10-question knowledge assessment, responses on a pre- and posttraining survey, and number of immunizations administered in the 6-month period following the training were collected. RESULTS: Twenty-five pharmacy technicians completed the home study and live portions of the immunization training program. All 29 pharmacy technicians who took the home study assessment passed with greater than 70% competency on the first attempt. Technicians self-reported increased confidence with immunization skills between the pretraining survey and the posttraining survey. From December 2016 to May 2017, the technicians administered 953 immunizations with 0 adverse events reported. CONCLUSION: For the first time, pharmacy technicians have legally administered immunizations in the United States. Trained pharmacy technicians demonstrated knowledge of vaccination procedures and self-reported improved confidence in immunization skills and administered immunizations after participating in a 4-hour training program.

Assessing Pneumococcal Vaccination Availability in Under-Vaccinated Rural Counties: A Pharmacy Perspective.

OBJECTIVE: Vaccines are a low-cost, high-impact interventions that effectively and efficiently reduce the burden of infectious diseases. Many rural populations have vaccination rates well below nationally recommended levels. Community pharmacies may offer a solution to this problem. Under a collaborative drug therapy agreement (CDTA), pharmacists can prescribe and administer immunizations. The purpose of this study was to examine pneumococcal vaccine access in rural pharmacies in Eastern Washington state. DESIGN: A qualitative descriptive design was utilized in this study. The sample included all pharmacies located in two rural Washington state counties. Interviews were conducted with pharmacy staff. Every pharmacy in the two counties was surveyed over the telephone. Data analysis included directed content analysis and descriptive statistics. FINDINGS: Each of the 10 pharmacies identified participated. Pharmacy volume varied (weekly prescription counts of 300 to 2,500). Sixty percent of pharmacies currently provide vaccines. Quoted prices of the PCV13 varied between $65 and $228. Quoted prices of the PPSV23 varied between $64 and $120. Pharmacies that vaccinated made it convenient with "walk-in" scheduling practices. Some pharmacies required a prescription from a separate provider while others could prescribe on-site through CDTA. Pharmacies that chose not to vaccinate did so for a variety of reasons. CONCLUSIONS: Access to pneumococcal vaccines will be enhanced by pharmacist administration, resulting in improved availability, accessibility, accommodation, affordability, and acceptability for patients in rural Washington.

Assessed Value of Consultant Pharmacist Services in a Home Health Care Agency.

OBJECTIVE: To report results of a survey administered to clinicians in a home health care agency regarding reasons for them to initiate consultation with a pharmacist working onsite at the agency and the perceived value of the interaction. DESIGN: The survey listed 16 reasons why an agency clinician commonly makes referrals and 9 questions assessing the perceived value of these services provided by the onsite consultant pharmacist. Responses were reported on a five-point Likert scale where 1 = Almost always/strongly agree and 5 = Almost never/strongly disagree. SETTING: Home health care agency in Spokane, Washington, with onsite and in-home consultant pharmacy services for 20 years via a partnership with Washington State University. PARTICIPANTS: All clinicians employed by the home health care agency. RESULTS: Twenty-eight of 101 part-time and full-time clinicians responded to the survey. Eighty-nine percent of respondents strongly agreed that it is valuable to have a consultant pharmacist onsite and pharmacy personnel serve as a helpful source of information. The most common reasons for referral were pain management, drug side effects, and drug interactions. CONCLUSION: Clinicians indicated consultant pharmacist services are beneficial and they used the consultant pharmacist primarily for pain management, drug side effects, and drug interactions, but made referrals for a wide range of reasons. This indicates that an onsite consultant pharmacist is valuable to home care providers. Further research regarding the benefit of an onsite consultant pharmacist in the home care setting is warranted.

Measuring Pharmacy Student Engagement in a Pharmacotherapy Course With Required Attendance.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate student engagement in a pharmacotherapy course with required attendance, identify intervals where students were most and least likely to be engaged, and assess student perceptions of the importance of engagement. METHODS: In 2022, the pharmacotherapy course faculty implemented a graded attendance policy. A survey instrument was developed to gauge student engagement throughout in-class sessions and included 3 questions regarding engagement to determine whether students were on-task, off-task-related, or off-task-unrelated. Each week throughout the semester, students were randomly surveyed for a beginning, middle, and end time point. A second survey was utilized to collect perception data from students regarding attendance and engagement. The perception survey was released during the midpoint of the semester and at the end of the semester. RESULTS: The overall attendance rate was 91.1% (SD 4.64%) for the semester. Generally, students reported being on-task when surveyed. The average weekly tasks rates were 77.7% on-task, 15.8% off-task-related, and 6.5% off-task-unrelated. For the perception survey, both time points had a high response rate (82.8% midpoint survey, 77.1% end of semester). Most students had positive perceptions regarding mandatory attendance, engagement, and pre-class preparation. CONCLUSION: This study endorses high levels of student engagement in a pharmacotherapy course with required attendance. In addition, student perceptions were generally positive regarding required attendance. Future investigations need to be completed on the non-performance benefits of attending classes.

A Systematic Review of Immunization Administration Training for African Pharmacists and Student Pharmacists.

OBJECTIVES: Recent calls to action have encouraged African pharmacists to become trained to administer immunizations with the goals of developing a strong pharmacy vaccination workforce, addressing a shortage of vaccinators, and improving vaccination access. However limited availability of training programs for pharmacists and student pharmacists to learn to administer immunizations may restrict the ability of African pharmacists and student pharmacists to meet these goals. This work sought to systematically identify literature published regarding immunization administration training for pharmacists and student pharmacists in Africa. FINDINGS: In total, 940 articles were identified from 6 databases and gray literature. After eligibility criteria were applied, a total of 8 studies from 7 African countries were included, representing Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. Three studies described immunization administration training programs for pharmacists and 1 described training for student pharmacists. SUMMARY: This literature review identified that there are limited publications describing immunization training for pharmacists and student pharmacists in Africa. Training pharmacists to immunize could make a meaningful impact in increasing immunization access and reducing the spread of vaccine-preventable diseases in Africa. Expansion of available immunization administration training is needed for African pharmacists and student pharmacists if calls to action are to be met.

Training Student Pharmacists in Microaggressions and Gender Inclusive Communication.

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to describe the implementation of a microaggression and gender inclusive communication (MGIC) module in a required course in a Doctor of Pharmacy curriculum; and to evaluate the impact on student pharmacist knowledge, comfort, and confidence using gender inclusive communication and addressing microaggressions. METHODS: Students participated in MGIC module, which included training on microaggressions, and terminology related to gender. The module implementation was evaluated through a pre and post training knowledge assessment and survey of student confidence, comfort, and perceived importance of gender inclusive care. Additional evaluation included qualitative review of the graphics depicting the terminology and rephrasing statement with a microaggression to inclusive language. Survey responses were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test and knowledge responses were analyzed using the Fisher exact test in SPSS. RESULTS: A total of 106 students completed the module, 105 completed presurvey and knowledge assessment, and 92 completed the postsurvey and knowledge assessment. Results demonstrated a statistically significant increase from pre to post on the comfort and importance domain questions. A statistically significant increase in the student confidence was seen on all questions except for 2. The pre and postknowledge assessment results on all questions showed improvement from pre to post, although not all changes were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The MGIC module was effective in increasing to evaluate the impact on student pharmacist knowledge, comfort, and confidence using gender inclusive communication and addressing microaggressions. Reflections echoed the value and need for this training.

A Pharmacist's Role in a Case of Allergy Labeling and Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis Treatment.

This case report describes a pharmacist's intervention with a 58-year-old female who presented with recurrent rhinosinusitis symptoms and limited treatment options due to a complicated allergy history. Using guidelines for treatment of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis coupled with a thorough antibiotic allergy assessment, the pharmacist developed a treatment plan that was acceptable to both the patient and the provider. Pharmacists can play an essential role in verification of allergies to both medications and non-pharmaceutical products, which further ensures patient safety as well as optimization of appropriate treatment methods.

Evaluating Factors That Influence Influenza Vaccination Uptake among Pregnant People in a Medically Underserved Area in Washington State.

INTRODUCTION: Despite substantial evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of influenza vaccines, only 38.6% of the adult United States population received an influenza vaccine during the 2023-2024 flu season. Vaccination rates are typically lower among U.S. minority groups, and in 2022, pregnant persons from U.S. minority racial and ethnic groups showed a decrease in influenza vaccine coverage. METHODS: A survey was conducted with residents of Yakima County, Washington, which is home to one of the state's largest percentages of people who identify as Hispanic or Latino/a. The objective was to evaluate the uptake of influenza vaccine among pregnant persons. Surveys were sent to a random sample of 3000 residential mailing addresses. Of the 500 respondents, 244 (52.1%) reported that they had been pregnant, with those identifying as Hispanic or Latino/a constituting 23.8% of this total. Only 62 (26.2%) reported being immunized against influenza during pregnancy. Respondents who were immunized against influenza chose to be vaccinated to protect themselves from the flu (85.5%, n = 53); because a healthcare provider recommended getting vaccinated (85.5%, n = 53); to protect the baby from the flu (82.3%, n = 51); because it was available for free or low cost (62.9%, n = 39); and because vaccination was convenient (54.8%, n = 34). Qualitative evaluation identified that participants who were not vaccinated against influenza during pregnancy believed the vaccination was not needed, was not recommended by a healthcare provider, was difficult to access, they were against vaccination in general, or they were concerned about the safety and ingredients of the vaccine. CONCLUSION: Barriers to vaccination identified in this study included vaccine distrust, lack of awareness, and concerns about vaccine efficacy and safety. Healthcare providers can help address these concerns by providing education and recommendations about the importance of influenza vaccination during pregnancy.

Focused Preceptor Feedback Assessing Student Pharmacists' Ability to Administer Pediatric Immunizations.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate experiential pharmacy preceptor perceptions of student pharmacists' ability to administer pediatric immunizations. METHODS: Semi-structured, qualitative key informant interviews using the Outcomes Evaluation Framework were conducted with 10 pharmacist preceptors in outpatient community pharmacies where pediatric immunizations were provided. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and deidentified prior to analysis by the research team. Qualitative analysis and thematic coding procedures were used to identify relevant themes. RESULTS: Saturation was met after 10 pharmacists participated. All stated that it was beneficial for student pharmacists to administer pediatric vaccines if trained in proper technique. Participants acknowledged that the training students currently receive in immunization administration within the PharmD curriculum is valuable but did identify general confidence and child-comforting techniques during and after vaccination as areas of improvement for students. Just-in-time training, preceptor coaching, and hands-on practice outside of the didactic curriculum were utilized to help build confidence. Barriers to the implementation or expansion of pediatric immunization delivered by students in community pharmacies were identified as competing priorities, time, and reimbursement. CONCLUSION: Student pharmacists can be helpful in easing the challenges of incorporating pediatric immunization services into the community pharmacy setting. Results demonstrate that the integration of student pharmacists into these services is beneficial. Pediatric immunizations are still relatively new to many pharmacists and specific training for pediatric immunization administration may not be integrated into all Doctor of Pharmacy curricula but the experiential education of pediatric immunization training can be beneficial to help prepare student pharmacists for hands-on practice.

A qualitative evaluation of pharmacy technician opinions about administering immunizations.

Introduction: Pharmacy technicians began administering immunizations in Idaho State as part of a new administrative rule in 2017. Rapid expansion of pharmacy technicians as immunizers occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous studies demonstrate the success of having technicians as immunizers but, the opinions of technicians themselves about immunizing have not been explored. Methods: Key informant interviews were conducted to evaluate the opinions of certified and immunization-trained pharmacy technicians in the State of Idaho. A key informant interview script was utilized and included questions regarding satisfaction with current position, feelings about responsibility in the pharmacy, confidence administering immunizations to patients, changes patient interactions after becoming immunization-trained, support in the pharmacy, and opinion about expansion of immunization training for technicians to other states. The aim of this research was to gather the opinions of pharmacy technicians regarding the impact of administering immunizations on job satisfaction and career outlook. Results: Fifteen pharmacy technicians were interviewed. All participants believed their role as immunizers improved job satisfaction and feelings of being a valuable part of the pharmacy team. Technicians also believed being able to immunize aided in pharmacy workflow, decreased wait time for immunizations at their respective pharmacies, and increased the number of immunizations being administered. Respondents also believed technicians should be allowed to administer immunizations nation-wide but also felt strongly that the decision to immunize should be up to each individual pharmacy technician. Conclusion: Immunizing technicians in this study believe that this advanced role has had a positive impact on their job satisfaction, feeling valued in the workplace, and likelihood of staying in their current position. Immunizing has also led to positive engagement with patients and beliefs that they are providing an impactful service to their communities.