Critical appraisal of the Colombian clinical practice guide for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of suicidal ideation and/or behaviour (adoption).

INTRODUCTION: Suicide is a complex, global public health problem. The Colombian clinical practice guideline provides relevant input for its prevention, diagnosis and treatment. The objective was to evaluate the methodological quality, credibility and applicability of the Colombian clinical practice guideline for suicidal behaviour. METHODS: An academic group of 12 evaluators was established to assess the guide and its recommendations in a standardised way, using the AGREE-II and AGREE-REX instruments. The evaluations were given in the range of 0.0-1.0 with 0.7 as a cut-off point for appropriate quality. RESULTS: The global assessment of the AGREE-II was greater than 0.7 in the dimensions: "scope and objective" (0.86), "clarity of presentation" (0.89), "applicability" (0.73) and "editorial independence" (0.89). The lowest scores were for "participation of those involved" (0.67) and "rigour in preparation" (0.69). With the AGREE-REX, the results in all dimensions were below 0.70, which indicates lower quality and suitability for use. CONCLUSIONS: The adoption process of the Colombian guideline for suicidal behaviour was a rigorous methodological process, while the practice recommendations were valued as of low applicability due to low support in local evidence. It is necessary to strengthen the generation and synthesis of evidence at the national level to give greater support and applicability to the practice recommendations.

Sociodemographic Characterization and Psychiatric Symptoms of Patients With Medically Unexplained Symptoms in a Healthcare Institution in Medellin (Colombia). / Caracterización sociodemográfica y clínica psiquiátrica de pacientes con síntomas médicamente inexplicables en una institución prestadora de salud de Medellín (Colombia).

INTRODUCTION: Medically unexplained symptoms are defined as physical symptoms that have been present for several weeks and that an adequate medical evaluation has not revealed any disease that explains them; when these symptoms become persistent, they lead to comprehensive clinical investigations and multiple interventions. These patients have a greater or at least comparable commitment to physical functioning, mental health, and negative health perception than patients with multiple chronic medical conditions; have significantly more stressful life events (psychological, physical and/or sexual abuse) and are more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for anxiety and depression. OBJECTIVE: To characterize sociodemographic and psychiatric characteristics of a group of patients identified in primary care with medically unexplained symptoms. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive, cross-sectional study with patients from 18 to 70 years old who were given PHQ-15, PHQ-9 and PHQ for anxiety, and a survey designed for the study. RESULTS: 36 patients were analysed, 94.4% women, median age 45 [RIC, 20] years-old, 33.3% married, 91.7% had children. 55% had severe functional somatic symptoms, 77.8% had one or more functional somatic disorders, and 77.7% had clinically relevant affective or anxiety symptoms. 25% of the patients reported a history of child abuse, 41.7% were mistreated by a partner, and 41.6% were victims of the Colombian armed conflict. CONCLUSIONS: The main finding of this study was that 8 out of 10 patients met criteria for a functional somatic disorder with great symptomatic severity and three out of ten patients met criteria for two functional disorders, most of these patients without other basic medical diseases. In addition, we found a high prevalence of exposure to different types of violence that these patients have been subjected to throughout their life.

Valoración crítica de la guía de práctica clínica colombiana para la prevención, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la ideación y/o la conducta suicida (adopción) / Critical Appraisal of the Colombian Clinical Practice Guide for the Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Suicidal Ideation and/or Behaviour (Adoption)

RESUMEN Introducción: El suicidio es un complejo problema de salud pública global. La guía colombiana de práctica clínica es un insumo relevante para su prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento. El objetivo es evaluar la calidad metodológica, la credibilidad y la aplicabilidad de la guía de práctica clínica colombiana sobre la conducta suicida. Métodos: Un grupo académico de 12 evaluadores se estandarizó para la valoración de la guía y sus recomendaciones mediante los instrumentos AGREE-II y AGREE-REX. Las valoraciones se dieron en el intervalo de 0,0-1,0, con 0,7 como punto de corte para apropiada calidad. Resultados: La valoración global del AGREE-II fue >0,7 en las dimensiones «alcance y objetivo¼ (0,86), «claridad de la presentación¼ (0,89), «aplicabilidad¼ (0,73) e «independencia editorial¼ (0,89). Los menores puntajes fueron para «participación de los implicados¼ (0,67) y «rigor en la elaboración¼ (0,69). Con el AGREE-REX los resultados en todas las dimensiones estuvieron por debajo de 0,70, lo cual indica menores calidad e idoneidad de uso. Conclusiones: El proceso de adopción de la guía colombiana sobre conducta suicida fue un proceso riguroso en lo metodológico, en tanto que las recomendaciones de práctica se valoraron como de baja aplicabilidad por el escaso sustento en evidencia local. Se requiere fortalecer la generación y la síntesis de evidencia en el país para dar más soporte y aplicabilidad a las recomendaciones de práctica.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Suicide is a complex, global public health problem. The Colombian clinical practice guideline provides relevant input for its prevention, diagnosis and treatment. The objective was to evaluate the methodological quality, credibility and applicability of the Colombian clinical practice guideline for suicidal behaviour. Methods: An academic group of 12 evaluators was established to assess the guide and its recommendations in a standardised way, using the AGREE-II and AGREE-REX instruments. The evaluations were given in the range of 0.0-1.0 with 0.7 as a cut-off point for appropriate quality. Results: The global assessment of the AGREE-II was greater than 0.7 in the dimensions: "scope and objective" (0.86), "clarity of presentation" (0.89), "applicability" (0.73) and "editorial independence" (0.89). The lowest scores were for "participation of those involved" (0.67) and "rigour in preparation" (0.69). With the AGREE-REX, the results in all dimensions were below 0.70, which indicates lower quality and suitability for use. Conclusions: The adoption process of the Colombian guideline for suicidal behaviour was a rigorous methodological process, while the practice recommendations were valued as of low applicability due to low support in local evidence. It is necessary to strengthen the genera-tion and synthesis of evidence at the national level to give greater support and applicability to the practice recommendations.

[Cyberbullying and Suicidal Behavior: What is the Connection? About a Case]. / Ciberacoso y comportamiento suicida. ¿Cuál es la conexión? A propósito de un caso.

INTRODUCTION: Social networks have increased in recent decades, and with them the bullying, causing difficulties in young people's mental health expressed through depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Up next, we present a case that exemplifies this situation. OBJECTIVE: To describe a case report that exemplifies this new outlook in young people and how it affects their mental health. METHODOLOGY: Case report and non-systematic literature review. RESULTS: One case report, treated at a hospital in Medellin due to two suicide attempts related to social networks is presented. DISCUSSION: Currently, there are multiple social media resources, the advent of internet and smartphones is not only a strategy for improving social interactions, but it also contributes to impair mental health of some vulnerable young people. CONCLUSION: This case sensitize us, about the relationship between the growing social networking and cyberbullying as well as suicidal thoughts / attempts; thanks to this case and the available literature, we can't establish causality but we could deduce that the internet utter a increased risk for young people who are exposed and more vulnerable.

Intoxicaciones por bupropión: presentación de caso / Bupropion toxicity: a risk to consider

Resumen En Colombia las intoxicaciones autoinfligidas vienen en aumento en los últimos años, la principal causa son los medicamentos y dentro de éstos, los psicofármacos. El bupropión es un antidepresivo, inhibidor débil de la recaptación de dopamina y noradrenalina; está aprobado para el tratamiento del trastorno depresivo mayor y se ha utilizado en otras indicaciones como: depresión bipolar, abandono del cigarrillo, trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH), obesidad y disfunción sexual. Sus principales efectos adversos son cardiovasculares y neurológicos. Esta serie de casos busca evidenciar las complicaciones asociadas a su toxicidad y resaltar algunos aspectos en el manejo de estas intoxicaciones; tales como el uso de la irrigación gastrointestinal y el uso de emulsiones lipídicas. MÉD. UIS. 2020;33(2):117-121.

Abstract In Colombia, self-inflicted drug poisonings have been increasing in recent years, and within these, psychotropic drugs. The vast majority of psychoactive drug poisonings are explained by SSRI tricyclic antidepressants and anticonvulsants. Bupropion is an antidepressant, dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; approved for the treatment of major depressive disorder and used in other indications such as: bipolar depression, smoking cessation, attention deficit disorder the importance of this series of cases is to sensitize health personnel about the increase in prescription and therefore more Toxicity risks associated with this medicine. There is little literature on the management of bupropion toxicity, understanding these and it is important to highlight its amphetamine-like structure that explains neurological risks such as seizures and cardiovascular events as arrhythmias, although it is true that there is no consensus on the management, it is worth highlighting the usefulness of lipid emulsions This series of cases, being the first in Colombia, seeks to highlight the complications associated with its toxicity and highlight some aspects in the management of this poisoning; such as the use of gastrointestinal irrigation and the use of lipid emulsions. MÉD.UIS. 2020;33(2):117-121.

Caracterización sociodemográfica y clínica psiquiátrica de pacientes con síntomas médicamente inexplicables en una institución prestadora de salud de Medellín (Colombia) / Sociodemographic Characterization and Psychiatric Symptoms of Patients with Medically Unexplained Symptoms in a Healthcare Institution in Medellin (Colombia)

RESUMEN Introducción: Se define como síntoma médicamente inexplicado los síntomas físicos de varias semanas de duración cuya adecuada evaluación médica no revele alguna enferme dad que los explique; cuando estos síntomas se tornan persistentes, llevan a exploraciones clínicas exhaustivas y múltiples intervenciones. Estos pacientes tienen un deterioro mayor, o al menos comparable en cuanto a funcionamiento físico, salud mental y percepción nega tiva de su salud, que los pacientes con múltiples enfermedades médicas crónicas; tienen significativamente más eventos estresantes vitales (abuso psicológico, físico y/o sexual) y más probabilidades de cumplir criterios diagnósticos de ansiedad y depresión. Objetivo: Caracterizar sociodemográfica y psiquiátricamente un grupo de pacientes identi ficados en atención primaria con síntomas médicamente inexplicados. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal de pacientes de 18-70 años, a quienes se aplicó el PHQ-15, el PHQ-9 y el PHQ para ansiedad y una encuesta diseña para la investigación. Resultados: Se analizó a 36 pacientes, el 94,4% mujeres, con una mediana de edad de 45 [20] años; el 33,3% de ellas estaban casadas y el 91,7% tenía hijos. El 55% tenía síntomas somáticos funcionales graves, el 77,8% tenía 1 o más trastornos somáticos funcionales y el 77,7% presentaba síntomas afectivos o ansiosos de relevancia clínica. El 25% de los pacientes reportaron antecedente de maltrato en la infancia; el 41,7%, maltrato de pareja, y el 41,6% había sido víctima del conflicto armado colombiano. Conclusiones: El principal hallazgo de este estudio fue que cerca de 8 de cada 10 pacientes cumplían criterios de un trastorno somático funcional con gran intensidad sintomática, y cerca de 3 de cada 10 pacientes cumplían criterios de 2 trastornos funcionales, la mayoría de estos pacientes sin otras enfermedades médicas de base. Además, en estos pacientes se encontró alta prevalencia de exposición a diferentes tipos de violencia a lo largo de la vida.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Medically unexplained symptoms are defined as physical symptoms that have been present for several weeks and that an adequate medical evaluation has not revealed any disease that explains them; when these symptoms become persistent, they lead to comprehensive clinical investigations and multiple interventions. These patients have a greater or at least comparable commitment to physical functioning, mental health, and negative health perception than patients with multiple chronic medical conditions; have significantly more stressful life events (psychological, physical and/or sexual abuse) and are more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for anxiety and depression. Objective: To characterize sociodemographic and psychiatric characteristics of a group of patients identified in primary care with medically unexplained symptoms. Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional study with patients from 18 to 70 years old who were given PHQ-15, PHQ-9 and PHQ for anxiety, and a survey designed for the study. Results: 36 patients were analysed, 94.4% women, median age 45 [RIC, 20] years-old, 33.3% married, 91.7% had children. 55% had severe functional somatic symptoms, 77.8% had one or more functional somatic disorders, and 77.7% had clinically relevant affective or anxiety symptoms. 25% of the patients reported a history of child abuse, 41.7% were mistreated by a partner, and 41.6% were victims of the Colombian armed conflict. Conclusions: The main finding of this study was that 8 out of 10 patients met criteria for a functional somatic disorder with great symptomatic severity and three out of ten patients met criteria for two functional disorders, most of these patients without otherbasic medical diseases. In addition, we found a high prevalence of exposure to different types of violence that these patients have been subjected to throughout their life.

Ciberacoso y comportamiento suicida. ¿Cuál es la conexión? A propósito de un caso / Cyberbullying and Suicidal Behavior: What is the Connection? About a Case

Resumen Introducción: La victimización a través de las redes sociales se ha asociado con problemas de salud mental como depresión y comportamiento suicida. Objetivo: Presentar el caso clínico de una adolescente víctima de cyberbullying con síntomas depresivos y comportamiento suicida. Metodología: Reporte de caso y revisión no sistemática de la literatura relevante. Resultados: Se presenta un reporte de caso, tratado en un hospital de Medellín debido a dos intentos de suicidio relacionados con las redes sociales. Discusión: En la actualidad, existen múltiples recursos de los medios sociales. El advenimiento de Internet y teléfonos inteligentes no es solo una estrategia para mejorar las interacciones sociales, sino que también contribuye a deteriorar la salud mental de algunas personas jóvenes vulnerables. Conclusión: Este caso nos sensibiliza sobre la relación entre el crecimiento de redes sociales y el acoso cibernético. No podemos establecer la causalidad, pero podríamos deducir que algunos contenidos en la web podrían propiciar un mayor riesgo de enfermedad mental para los jóvenes que están expuestos y vulnerables.

Abstract Introduction: Social networks have increased in recent decades, and with them the bullying, causing difficulties in young people's mental health expressed through depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Up next, we present a case that exemplifies this situation. Objective: To describe a case report that exemplifies this new outlook in young people and how it affects their mental health. Methodology: Case report and non-systematic literature review. Results: One case report, treated at a hospital in Medellin due to two suicide attempts related to social networks is presented. Discussion: Currently, there are multiple social media resources, the advent of internet and smartphones is not only a strategy for improving social interactions, but it also contributes to impair mental health of some vulnerable young people. Conclusion: This case sensitize us, about the relationship between the growing social networking and cyberbullying as well as suicidal thoughts / attempts; thanks to this case and the available literature, we can't establish causality but we could deduce that the internet utter a increased risk for young people who are exposed and more vulnerable.