The diagnostic performance of ultrafast MRI to differentiate benign from malignant breast lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the diagnostic performance of ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging (UF-DCE MRI) in differentiating benign from malignant breast lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted until September 1, 2023, in Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Clinical studies evaluating the diagnostic performance of UF-DCE MRI in breast lesion stratification were screened and included in the meta-analysis. Pooled summary estimates for sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and hierarchic summary operating characteristics (SROC) curves were pooled under the random-effects model. Publication bias and heterogeneity between studies were calculated. RESULTS: A final set of 16 studies analyzing 2090 lesions met the inclusion criteria and were incorporated into the meta-analysis. Using UF-DCE MRI kinetic parameters, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, DOR, and area under the curve (AUC) for differentiating benign from malignant breast lesions were 83% (95% CI 79-88%), 77% (95% CI 72-83%), 18.9 (95% CI 13.7-26.2), and 0.876 (95% CI 0.83-0.887), respectively. We found no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy between the two main UF-DCE MRI kinetic parameters, maximum slope (MS) and time to enhancement (TTE). DOR and SROC exhibited low heterogeneity across the included studies. No evidence of publication bias was identified (p = 0.585). CONCLUSIONS: UF-DCE MRI as a stand-alone technique has high accuracy in discriminating benign from malignant breast lesions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: UF-DCE MRI has the potential to obtain kinetic information and stratify breast lesions accurately while decreasing scan times, which may offer significant benefit to patients. KEY POINTS: • Ultrafast breast MRI is a novel technique which captures kinetic information with very high temporal resolution. • The kinetic parameters of ultrafast breast MRI demonstrate a high level of accuracy in distinguishing between benign and malignant breast lesions. • There is no significant difference in accuracy between maximum slope and time to enhancement kinetic parameters.

Cat Scratch Disease Presenting as Fever of Unknown Origin Is a Unique Clinical Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Fever of unknown origin (FUO) is a rare manifestation of cat scratch disease (CSD). Data regarding CSD-associated FUO (CSD-FUO), particularly in adults, are limited. We aimed to study disease manifestations and long-term clinical outcome. METHODS: A national CSD surveillance study has been conducted in Israel since 1991. Data are obtained using questionnaires, review of medical records, and telephone interviews. FUO was defined as fever of ≥14 days without an identifiable cause. CSD-FUO patients were identified in the 2004-2017 CSD national registry. Follow-up included outpatient clinic visits and telephone/e-mail surveys. RESULTS: The study included 66 CSD-FUO patients. Median age was 35.5 years (range, 3-88). Median fever duration was 4 weeks (range, 2-9). Relapsing fever pattern was reported in 52% of patients, weight loss in 57%, and night sweats in 48%. Involvement of ≥1 organs occurred in 59% of patients; hepatosplenic space-occupying lesions (35%), abdominal/mediastinal lymphadenopathy (20%), ocular disease (18%), and multifocal osteomyelitis (6%) were the most common. Malignancy, particularly lymphoma, was the initial radiological interpretation in 21% of patients; 32% underwent invasive diagnostic procedures. Of the 59 patients available for follow-up (median duration, 31 weeks; range, 4-445), 95% had complete recovery; 3 patients remained with ocular sequelae. CONCLUSION: This is the first attempt to characterize CSD-FUO as a unique syndrome that may be severe and debilitating and often mimics malignancy. Relapsing fever is a common clinical phenotype. Multiorgan involvement is common. Recovery was complete in all patients except in those with ocular disease.

Hybrid iterative reconstruction technique for abdominal CT protocols in obese patients: assessment of image quality, radiation dose, and low-contrast detectability in a phantom.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a noise reduction technique on image quality, radiation dose, and low-contrast detectability in abdominal CT for obese patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A liver phantom with 12 different tumors was designed, and fat rings were added to mimic intermediately sized and large patients. The intermediate and large phantoms were scanned with our standard abdominal CT protocol (image noise level of 15 HU and filtered back projection [FBP]). The large phantom was scanned with five different noise levels (10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, and 20 HU). All datasets for the large phantom were reconstructed with FBP and the noise reduction technique. The image noise and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were assessed. Tumor detection was independently performed by three radiologists in a blinded fashion. RESULTS: The application of the noise reduction method to the large phantom decreased the measured image noise (range, -14.5% to -37.0%) and increased the CNR (range, 26.7-70.6%) compared with FBP at the same noise level (p < 0.001). However, noise reduction was unable to improve the sensitivity for tumor detection in the large phantom compared with FBP at the same noise level (p > 0.05). Applying a noise level of 15 HU, the overall sensitivity for tumor detection in the intermediate and large phantoms with FBP measured 75.5% and 87.7% and the radiation doses measured 42.0 and 23.7 mGy, respectively. CONCLUSION: Although noise reduction significantly improved the quantitative image quality in simulated large patients undergoing abdominal CT compared with FBP, no improvement was observed for low-contrast detectability.

Beyond the Needle: Understanding Tissue Marker Migration in Breast MRI-Guided Biopsies.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency and factors associated with clip migration in MRI-guided breast biopsies. METHODS: This study was approved by our Institutional Review Board and was compliant with HIPAA. We retrospectively evaluated all MRI-guided biopsies performed between January 2013 and December 2020 in our institution for clip migration. Only patients with follow-up breast MRI showing the clip were included in the study. Migration was defined as movement of the clip of 10 mm or more from the target lesion. Migration frequency and directions were recorded. Factors associated with clip migration were analyzed using statistical tests as appropriate. RESULTS: A total of 291 biopsies in 268 women were included in the study with 31 migration events recorded (11%; 95% CI, 7%-15%). All migrations occurred along the biopsy tract; 97% (30/31) of them displaced distal to the needle entry site. More than 50% regional fat (around the target lesion) was the strongest factor associated with migration, seen in 21/141 women (15%), compared to 10/150 (7%) with 50% or less local fat (P = .023). Global fatty breast was more loosely associated with migration, showing borderline significance (P = .06). Other factors did not correlate with clip migration, including lesion size, depth, or location; pathology result; breast thickness; or biopsy approach. CONCLUSION: Although clip migration after breast MRI-guided biopsy is an uncommon event, it occurs more often when the target lesion is surrounded by fat, with the clip usually displaced away from the needle entry site.

The Relationship between Treatment Response and Overall Survival in Borderline, Non-Resectable and Resectable Pancreatic Cancer Patients Treated with Neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX.

Background: The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN)-recommended treatment for patients with borderline-resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC) and locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) involves a combination of neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy and the curative surgical resection of the tumor. This study seeks to identify the clinical, radiological, laboratory, and pathologic predictors that can anticipate the oncological outcomes of patients. Methods: In this study, we conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who had undergone curative surgical resection for BRPC, LAPC, or resectable disease with high-risk features after receiving neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX at two institutions. We evaluated by means of multivariate analysis whether clinical and laboratory response, tumor markers, radiological response, and pathologic tumor response grade correlated with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results: The study enrolled a total of 70 patients with BRPC, LAPC, and resectable disease with high-risk features who underwent resection after neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX. Age above 65 years and fewer than nine cycles of chemotherapy (OR 4.2; 95% CI 1.4-12.0; p-value 0.007); locally advanced tumors after neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) (OR 7.0; 95% CI 1.9-25.7; p-value 0.003); and lymph node disease and histological tumor regression grade 2 and 3 (OR 4.3; 95% CI 0.9-19.2; p-value 0.05) were risk factors linked to adverse OS and DFS. The median OS and DFS were 33 (22-43.9) months and 16.5 (11.3-21.6) months, respectively. Conclusions: Classification as a LA tumor after NAT was the only preoperative radiological factor that predicted adverse survival in patients undergoing curative surgery after NAT. Other clinical, biochemical, and radiological measures of response were not found to predict OS. Patient age, the cumulative administration of more than eight cycles of chemotherapy, and a significant pathological response were associated with better OS. The results of this study are important for treatment decision-making and prognostication in patients with BRPC and LAPC.

Pushing the envelope in breast conserving surgery - is multiple-wire localization (3 or more wires) associated with increased risk of compromised margins and long-term recurrence?

INTRODUCTION: In the last two decades there has been a paradigm shift with breast conserving surgery (BCS) being applied to larger and more extensive breast malignancies. The aim of this study is to examine the success of BCS being performed in patients with extensive breast malignancies requiring at least 3 wires for localization, and to assess possible risk factors for failure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective single center review of 232 patients who underwent BCS between 2010 and 2020 requiring at least 3 wires for localization, thus comprising the multi-wire group (MWG). The cohort included a control group of 232 single-wire BCS patients (SWG) chronologically matched with the MWG. Patients with either invasive malignancy or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) were included in the study. Clinical, radiological, and pathological data was collected. Proportions of positive surgical margins, re-lumpectomies and conversion to mastectomy were calculated. Survival analysis for locoregional and distant recurrence was performed. RESULTS: Women in the MWG were younger (mean age 57 vs. 63.1, P < 0.001), had larger tumor size (mean size 5.1 cm vs. 1.3 cm, p < 0.001), a higher prevalence of calcifications on mammograms (72 % vs. 17 %, P < 0.001), a higher proportion of positive lymph nodes (75 % vs. 45 %, P = 0.019), and an elevated incidence of a ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) component (72 % vs. 38 %, P < 0.001). Positive surgical margins were higher in the MWG (13 % vs 7 %, P = 0.03), which lead to higher proportions of re-lumpectomies or conversion to mastectomies (7 % vs 4 %, P = 0.17). On multivariate analysis of the entire cohort, patients with positive margins were more likely to have a DCIS component (77 % vs 53 %, P = 0.001), an infiltrating lobular carcinoma (ILC) component (15 % vs 9 %, P = 0.013), and positive ER hormonal status (94 % vs 85 %, p = 0.05). The number of wires was not an independent predictor of positive margins. On long-term analysis, the locoregional disease-free survival was similar between the SWG and MWG (P = 0.1). However, the MWG showed higher rates of distant metastasis (12 % vs 4 %, P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: BCS requiring 3 or more wires is associated with a slightly higher proportion of positive margins. The increased risk of positive margins appears to be related to the type of tumor (DCIS component, ILC component and ER status) rather than to the number of wires. The number of wires does not significantly impact locoregional disease-free survival.

Differentiation between malignant and benign pleural effusion in patients with extra-pleural primary malignancies: assessment with positron emission tomography-computed tomography.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to define an accurate diagnostic approach for differentiating benign from malignant pleural effusion on positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: PET-CT studies of 31 patients with primary extrapleural malignancy and pleural effusion were reviewed retrospectively. CT parameters assessed were size and density (Hounsfield units, or HU) of the effusion and density (HU) and morphology of any solid pleural abnormality. Interpretation of PET data included review of the attenuation-corrected and nonattenuation-corrected images. RESULTS: PET-CT parameters that were found to be significant in identifying malignant pleural effusion included focal increased uptake of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose in the pleura (P<0.0001) and the presence of solid pleural abnormalities on CT (P<0.002): the sensitivity was 86% and 71%, respectively, and the specificity was 90% for each of the 2 parameters. A PET-CT pattern composed of pleural uptake and increased effusion activity on nonattenuation-corrected images was associated with sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 80%, positive predictive value of 91%, negative predictive value of 89%, and accuracy of 90%. CONCLUSIONS: On PET-CT, the presence of concomitant pleural abnormalities is the most accurate criterion in determining the malignant nature of pleural effusion.

Vascular and biliary abnormalities mimicking cholangiocarcinoma in patients with cavernous transformation of the portal vein: role of color Doppler sonography.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe and evaluate the sonographic and color Doppler features of tumorlike biliary and venous changes in patients with cavernous transformation of the portal vein (CTPV). METHODS: The sonographic studies of 24 patients with CTPV were reviewed. Sonographic evaluation of the biliary system included measurement of intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary duct caliber changes and common bile duct (CBD) wall thickening and character. Color Doppler features of the portoportal collateral circulation at various locations (intrahepatic, periportal, gallbladder, pancreatic, and gastric regions) were carefully evaluated. RESULTS: Biliary abnormalities were detected in 13 (54%) of 24 patients with CTPV. All 13 patients (100%) had intrahepatic biliary dilatation; 11 patients (85%) had CBD abnormalities: diffuse CBD wall thickening causing diffuse narrowing of the true lumen in 7 (54%) and CBD dilatation proximal to the focal area of narrowing due to pericholedochal compressing venous collaterals in 4 (30%). A tumorlike solid mass appeared on the gray scale images of 2 patients (8%): 1 at the porta hepatis and the other at the pancreatic head level. Color Doppler imaging evaluation showed venous-type flow, suggesting a bulk of varicosities. CONCLUSIONS: Portoportal collaterals in patients with CTPV may alter the biliary and venous systems, causing biliary wall thickening, stenosis, intrahepatic and extrahepatic dilatation, and pseudotumors. Detailed sonographic and color Doppler imaging assessment can show and facilitate the correct diagnosis of those changes, thus avoiding the need for a more invasive modality such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or a more expensive investigation such as magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography.