[Description of Tunga bonneti n. sp. from Chile (Siphonaptera: Tungidae) with notes on specificity, chorology, dermecos and phenology]. / Description de Tunga bonneti n. sp. du Chili (Siphonaptera : Tungidae) et notes sur sa spécificité, sa chorologie, son dermecos et sa phénologie.

Smit (1968) misreported Tunga libis from Chile. Here we describe this flea as a new species. We analyzed free life females, male and embedded females. Moreover, we include data about its natural history and biology. These data will allow a better understanding about other Tunga fleas, and particularly for collecting males, which remain unknown to date.

[Description of Nosopsyllus (N.) atsbi n. sp. (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) from Ethiopia, and revision of the related species N. (N.) incisus (Jordan & Rothschild, 1913); biogeographical discussion]. / Description de Nosopsyllus (N.) atsbi n. sp. (Siphonaptera : Ceratophyllidae) d'Ethiopie et révision de l'espèce affine N. (N.) incisus (Jordan & Rothschild, 1913) ; discussion biogéographique.

We describe a new Nosopsyllus s. sto., N. atsbi, from the north of Ethiopia, that shows phyletic similarities with N. incisus (Jordan & Rothschild, 1913), a species from the oriental part of the afrotropical region. This led us to reconsider the classification of the incisus populations based on the unique criteria of telomere's setation (three robust marginal bristles, instead of the two typically present in members of this genus and subgenus). It appears that N. incisus s. sto. occurs in north-eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Burundi and Tanzania. In the north and south of this region (respectively central Ethiopia, on one hand, Zambia and Malawi, on the other hand), two taxa are morphologically distinct and we erect them here to the rank of subspecies: Nosopsyllus (N.) incisus traubi n. ssp. and N. (N.) incisus lewisi n. ssp. Actually, four taxa are in "incisus complex", namely: N. atsbi n. sp., N. incisus traubi n. ssp., N. incisus incisus (Jordan & Rothschild, 1913), and N. incisus lewisi n. ssp.

[The genus Tunga Jarocki, 1838 (Siphonaptera: Tungidae). I: taxonomy, phylogeny, ecology and pathogenicity]. / Le genre Tunga Jarocki, 1838 (Siphonaptera : Tungidae). I - Taxonomie, phylogénie, écologie, rôle pathogène.

This is the first review of the taxonomy and geographical range of the 12 known species of the genus Tunga. Their biology and pathogenic roles are considered, with particular emphasis on their phylogeny, chorology, phenology, sex-ratio, and dermecos.

Factors of occurrence of ocular toxoplasmosis. A review.

Acquired and congenital toxoplasmosis are frequently complicated by ocular toxoplasmosis. The diagnosis relies on clinical aspects, response to specific treatment and results of biological assays. The incidence and the prevalence of this complication are difficult to establish precisely and depend on the prevalence of the parasite infection in the general population, and are affected by factors such as type of exposure to the parasite, genetic backgrounds of the parasite and the host, and type of immune response elicited by the parasite.