RESUMEN
The clinical value of MR spectroscopy is now well established and this technique has been added to the current French classification of medical acts (CCAM). This paper presents a set of normal control values for 3 metabolite ratios obtained using a PRESS sequence with a TE of 135 ms at 1.5T: NAA/Cho, NAA/Cr and Cho/CR. Spectroscopy data acquisition were obtained from the following 12 anatomical regions: parieto-occipital white matter, centrum semiovale, frontal white matter, thalamus, basal ganglia, cerebellum (hemisphere, including dentate nucleus), brain stem (including pons, medulla and midbrain), anterior and posterior temporal lobe, parietal, occipital and pre-frontal cortices. The presented data allow radiologists equipped with a similar MR system to implement a clinical spectroscopy program without undergoing research protocols in order to obtain control values.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Aspártico/análogos & derivados , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Colina/metabolismo , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Fosfocreatina/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Ácido Aspártico/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Valores de ReferenciaRESUMEN
The lumbosacral nerve roots and their relation to the lateral recess in the lumbar region were studied by computed tomography both in anatomic specimens from six cadavers and in vivo in 100 patients with or without disk herniation. The anatomic and tomodensitometric correlations are discussed. The normal morphology and contents of the lumbar spinal canal can be used as a guide to radiologic diagnostic exploration, which in turn can indicate the etiology and extent of lumbar sciatica and the course of treatment.
Asunto(s)
Desplazamiento del Disco Intervertebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Vértebras Lumbares/diagnóstico por imagen , Raíces Nerviosas Espinales/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , HumanosRESUMEN
The authors demonstrate the facility with which the principal fissures and sulci of the brain can be angiographically localized by reference to characteristic loops and bends in the courses of the branches of the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries. The study is based upon dissections of 150 human brains in which the arteries of interest were selectively injected. A propos to this anatomic-angiographic correlation the authors also describe the vascular territories of each cortical branch and propose a simple procedure for the evaluation of these territories during cerebral angiography.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/irrigación sanguínea , Angiografía Cerebral , Arterias Cerebrales/anatomía & histología , Corteza Cerebral/irrigación sanguínea , Cuerpo Calloso/irrigación sanguínea , Lóbulo Frontal/irrigación sanguínea , Humanos , Lóbulo Occipital/irrigación sanguínea , Lóbulo Parietal/irrigación sanguínea , Lóbulo Temporal/irrigación sanguíneaAsunto(s)
Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Astrocitoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Edema Encefálico/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Cerebelosas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias del Ventrículo Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Ependimoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Lóbulo Frontal/diagnóstico por imagen , Glioma/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Meduloblastoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Meningioma/diagnóstico por imagen , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Lóbulo Occipital/diagnóstico por imagen , Oligodendroglioma/diagnóstico por imagen , Lóbulo Parietal/diagnóstico por imagen , Pinealoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Lóbulo Temporal/diagnóstico por imagen , Tálamo/diagnóstico por imagenAsunto(s)
Neoplasias del Ojo/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Orbitales/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Senos Etmoidales/diagnóstico por imagen , Glioma/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad de Graves/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Meningioma/diagnóstico por imagen , Mucocele/diagnóstico por imagen , Quiasma Óptico/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades del Nervio Óptico/diagnóstico por imagen , Retinoblastoma/diagnóstico por imagenAsunto(s)
Arteria Carótida Interna/anatomía & histología , Arteria Carótida Interna/diagnóstico por imagen , Seno Cavernoso/anatomía & histología , Seno Cavernoso/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraneal/diagnóstico por imagen , Cráneo/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía por Rayos XRESUMEN
Ten cases of painful ophthalmoplegia are reported. In all cases pain marked the onset of the disease; the condition was mostly unilateral. Recurrence and dramatic response to steroid therapy were more constant features than angiographic findings which may be completely normal. CAT permitted us to eliminate a tumor of the cavernous sinus in 7 cases, but in one case, which was operated, an aggravation followed surgery. Despite complete investigations of all patients, some questions remain unanswered. Is it an inflammatory or an allergic inflammatory process? (And the presence of antinuclear factor in an only case does not permit it to respond.) Why is the process confined to the superior orbital fissure? Mathew and Chandy tried to find a similarity between this syndrome and Bell's palsy although the 2 syndromes have not been shown to coexist. Is the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome comparable to the pseudotumor of the orbit? Although the dura mater is inserted on the border of the sphenoidal cleft, some patients may altern the 2 syndromes.
Asunto(s)
Oftalmoplejía , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Angiografía , Niño , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oftalmoplejía/diagnóstico , Oftalmoplejía/diagnóstico por imagen , Dolor , Recurrencia , Síndrome , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
The shape, origin, termination and number of the main arteries of the vertebrobasilar system have been analysed in 30 anatomic specimens by dissection of the injected vessels and by radiography. Five projections are described for identifying the different regions of the brain stem and cerebellum through the appearance of the arteries. A technique is proposed for obtaining a 'true' a.p. view of the vessels in vertebral angiography in patients.
Asunto(s)
Arteria Basilar/anatomía & histología , Arteria Vertebral/anatomía & histología , Arterias , Autopsia , Arteria Basilar/diagnóstico por imagen , Cerebelo/irrigación sanguínea , Angiografía Cerebral , Nervio Facial/irrigación sanguínea , Humanos , Nervio Trigémino/irrigación sanguínea , Arteria Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Nervio Vestibulococlear/irrigación sanguíneaRESUMEN
Among 70 operated patients with a histologically verified prolactin secreting adenoma, 8 cases (7 girls, 1 boy) presented the onset of clinical signs before, during or immediately after puberty. Two different clinical syndromes were detected. In the younger patient group (4 cases), the first clinical signs at the onset of puberty were arrest of both growth and pubertal development. In the four remaining causes where in puberty had been achieved, primary-secondary amenorrhea and galactorrhea were observed. Sellar tomograms revealed the presence of invasive adenoma in 3 patients, and circumscribed (enclosed) adenoma in 5 cases. In 7 cases, surgical management was by the transsphénoïdal approach, while one patient underwent subfrontal surgery. Post-operative results were a function of tumour size. In the seven patients having undergone transsphenoïdal surgery, 4 patients displayed a return to normal prolactin function. In the remaining patients, post-operative management was conducted with bromocriptin and without radiotherapy.
Asunto(s)
Adenoma/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hipofisarias/metabolismo , Prolactina/metabolismo , Pubertad , Adenoma/diagnóstico , Adenoma/cirugía , Adolescente , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Hipofisarias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hipofisarias/cirugíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To document the asymmetrical functional brain lesions in corticobasal degeneration (CBD) using proton magnetic resonance neurospectroscopy (MRS) and EEG cartography (EEGq). METHODS: Eight patients with probable CBD were included in the study after full neurological examination and extensive neuropsychological testing, single photon emission computed tomography, anatomical x ray tomodensitometry (TDM), magnetic resonance imaging, and MRS examination. RESULTS: MR spectra were abnormal in all seven patients in whom the examination could be completed. The EEG was also always modified in the CBD patients, and the abnormalities were enhanced by activation procedures. There was a good correlation between MRS anomalies and clinical presentation, between EEG modifications and neuropsychological patterns, and between metabolic (MRS) impairment and electrophysiological (EEG) slowing. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the asymmetrical features of CBD. Combined EEGq/MRS examinations at disease onset and during its subsequent course could provide strong diagnostic evidence of CBD.
Asunto(s)
Ganglios Basales/patología , Encefalopatías/fisiopatología , Mapeo Encefálico , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Lóbulo Parietal/patología , Anciano , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Electroencefalografía , Femenino , Lateralidad Funcional , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas NeuropsicológicasRESUMEN
On the basis of their experience, the autors report the results obtained after 1500 examinations in the study of space occupying hemispheric lesions and in the study of cerebral atrophy.
Asunto(s)
Computadores , Neurorradiografía/métodos , Tomografía por Rayos X/métodos , Atrofia , Encefalopatías/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagen , Angiografía Cerebral , Humanos , Neurorradiografía/instrumentaciónRESUMEN
The value of computerized azial tomography of the encephalon is considered:--Firstly, in relation to the different electro-clinical varieties of epilepsy (essentially primary, secondary and partial) where it provides information of a high degree of precision concerning the topography, frequency and size of morphological abnormalties of the encephalon.--Secondly, in relation to the various aetiological possibilities (tumour, post-traumatic, post-ischaemic, post-infective, et cetera). This new method is of considerable to specify an aetiology almost unknown up to the present time: post-ischaemic occipital porencephaly secondary to perinatal or infantile occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery.