RESUMEN
Mitosis in early embryos often proceeds at a rapid pace, but how this pace is achieved is not understood. Here, we show that cyclin B3 is the dominant driver of rapid embryonic mitoses in the C. elegans embryo. Cyclins B1 and B2 support slow mitosis (NEBD to anaphase â¼600 s), but the presence of cyclin B3 dominantly drives the approximately threefold faster mitosis observed in wildtype. Multiple mitotic events are slowed down in cyclin B1 and B2-driven mitosis, and cyclin B3-associated Cdk1 H1 kinase activity is â¼25-fold more active than cyclin B1-associated Cdk1. Addition of cyclin B1 to fast cyclin B3-only mitosis introduces an â¼60-s delay between completion of chromosome alignment and anaphase onset; this delay, which is important for segregation fidelity, is dependent on inhibitory phosphorylation of the anaphase activator Cdc20. Thus, cyclin B3 dominance, coupled to a cyclin B1-dependent delay that acts via Cdc20 phosphorylation, sets the rapid pace and ensures mitotic fidelity in the early C. elegans embryo.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans , Caenorhabditis elegans , Ciclina B1 , Embrión no Mamífero , Mitosis , Animales , Caenorhabditis elegans/embriología , Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolismo , Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolismo , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Proteína Quinasa CDC2/metabolismo , Proteína Quinasa CDC2/genética , Proteínas Cdc20/metabolismo , Proteínas Cdc20/genética , Ciclina B/metabolismo , Ciclina B/genética , Ciclina B1/metabolismo , Ciclina B1/genética , Ciclina B2/metabolismo , Ciclina B2/genética , Embrión no Mamífero/metabolismo , FosforilaciónRESUMEN
In many species, early embryonic mitoses proceed at a very rapid pace, but how this pace is achieved is not understood. Here we show that in the early C. elegans embryo, cyclin B3 is the dominant driver of rapid embryonic mitoses. Metazoans typically have three cyclin B isoforms that associate with and activate Cdk1 kinase to orchestrate mitotic events: the related cyclins B1 and B2 and the more divergent cyclin B3. We show that whereas embryos expressing cyclins B1 and B2 support slow mitosis (NEBD to Anaphase ~ 600s), the presence of cyclin B3 dominantly drives the ~3-fold faster mitosis observed in wildtype embryos. CYB-1/2-driven mitosis is longer than CYB-3-driven mitosis primarily because the progression of mitotic events itself is slower, rather than delayed anaphase onset due to activation of the spindle checkpoint or inhibitory phosphorylation of the anaphase activator CDC-20. Addition of cyclin B1 to cyclin B3-only mitosis introduces an ~60s delay between the completion of chromosome alignment and anaphase onset, which likely ensures segregation fidelity; this delay is mediated by inhibitory phosphorylation on CDC-20. Thus, the dominance of cyclin B3 in driving mitotic events, coupled to introduction of a short cyclin B1-dependent delay in anaphase onset, sets the rapid pace and ensures fidelity of mitoses in the early C. elegans embryo.