Sound production in the tiger-tail seahorse Hippocampus comes: Insights into the sound producing mechanisms.

Acoustic signals of the tiger-tail seahorse (Hippocampus comes) during feeding were studied using wavelet transform analysis. The seahorse "click" appears to be a compounded sound, comprising three acoustic components that likely come from two sound producing mechanisms. The click sound begins with a low-frequency precursor signal, followed by a sudden high-frequency spike that decays quickly, and a final, low-frequency sinusoidal component. The first two components can, respectively, be traced to the sliding movement and forceful knock between the supraorbital bone and coronet bone of the cranium, while the third one (purr) although appearing to be initiated here is produced elsewhere. The seahorse also produces a growling sound when under duress. Growling is accompanied by the highest recorded vibration at the cheek indicating another sound producing mechanism here. The purr has the same low frequency as the growl; both are likely produced by the same structural mechanism. However, growl and purr are triggered and produced under different conditions, suggesting that such "vocalization" may have significance in communication between seahorses.

Entropy fluctuation and correlation transfer in tunable discrete-time quantum walk with fractional Gaussian noise.

We study the time correlation in the von Neumann entropy fluctuation of the tunable discrete-time quantum walk in one dimension, induced by the coin disorder arising from the temporal fractional Gaussian noise (fGn). The fGn is characterized by the Hurst exponent H, which provides three different correlation scenarios, namely antipersistent (0

Modelling of chromatin morphologies in breast cancer cells undergoing apoptosis using generalized Cauchy field.

Chromatin morphologies in human breast cancer cells treated with an anti-cancer agent are analyzed at their early stage of programmed cell death or apoptosis. The gray-level images of nuclear chromatin are modelled as random fields. We used two-dimensional isotropic generalized Cauchy field to characterize local self-similarity and global long-range dependence behaviors in the image spatial data. Generalized Cauchy field allows the description of fractal behavior inferred from fractal dimension and the long-range dependence inferred from correlation exponent to be carried out independently. We demonstrated the usefulness of locally self-similar random fields with long-range dependence for modelling chromatin condensation.

Modeling of locally self-similar processes using multifractional Brownian motion of Riemann-Liouville type.

Fractional Brownian motion (FBM) is widely used in the modeling of phenomena with power spectral density of power-law type. However, FBM has its limitation since it can only describe phenomena with monofractal structure or a uniform degree of irregularity characterized by the constant Holder exponent. For more realistic modeling, it is necessary to take into consideration the local variation of irregularity, with the Holder exponent allowed to vary with time (or space). One way to achieve such a generalization is to extend the standard FBM to multifractional Brownian motion (MBM) indexed by a Holder exponent that is a function of time. This paper proposes an alternative generalization to MBM based on the FBM defined by the Riemann-Liouville type of fractional integral. The local properties of the Riemann-Liouville MBM (RLMBM) are studied and they are found to be similar to that of the standard MBM. A numerical scheme to simulate the locally self-similar sample paths of the RLMBM for various types of time-varying Holder exponents is given. The local scaling exponents are estimated based on the local growth of the variance and the wavelet scalogram methods. Finally, an example of the possible applications of RLMBM in the modeling of multifractal time series is illustrated.

Self-similar Gaussian processes for modeling anomalous diffusion.

We study some Gaussian models for anomalous diffusion, which include the time-rescaled Brownian motion, two types of fractional Brownian motion, and models associated with fractional Brownian motion based on the generalized Langevin equation. Gaussian processes associated with these models satisfy the anomalous diffusion relation which requires the mean-square displacement to vary with t(alpha), 0