RESUMEN
The paper gives the results of studies aimed at evaluating the efficiency of the interdepartmental interaction system in schoolchildren's health promotion at the municipal level and at substantiating the recommendations for its optimization in case of the Leninsky District (Yekaterinburg). A package of measures, such as to develop the network of health-promotion schools, to assist in introducing effective health-saving technologies, to upgrade the personnel's competence in health culture, and to develop monitoring systems is proposed.
Asunto(s)
Promoción de la Salud , Gobierno Local , Estudiantes , Niño , Enfermedad Crónica/epidemiología , Indicadores de Salud , Humanos , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
The sociological study conducted in the Gorod Polevskoy, Sverdlovsk Region, has established that the prevalence of maladaptation was 22.3% in children after entering the first form. The major risk factors affecting the severity of an adaptive process are a history of diseases before going to school, nonattendance of organized pediatric collective bodies, disregarding the day regimen and a poor organization of a workplace, bad parental hygienic knowledge. Efforts aimed at preparing parents to organize a child's life in the first form are insufficient and their own steps are inadequate. The parents pay greater attention to the pedagogical aspects of adaptation, by forgetting the medical ones. The teachers and medical workers show a low level of hygienic knowledge of the manifestations of an adaptive period of children's entering school and their professional duties associated with the medical-and-pedagogical provision of this period and self-overestimation of their competence.
Asunto(s)
Adaptación Psicológica/fisiología , Docentes , Relaciones Padres-Hijo , Instituciones Académicas , Enseñanza/organización & administración , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
High morbidity among the children whose parents and/or grandparents who resided in the areas with relatively low pollution levels (0.2-2.0 Ci/km2) after the 1957 radiation accident at the production association "Mayak" is mainly formed under the influence of combined social, hygienic, and biomedical factors. The very residence of any child's ancestor in the low polluted areas produce no substantial impact on the nonspecific resistance of children.
Asunto(s)
Estado de Salud , Liberación de Radiactividad Peligrosa , Contaminantes Radiactivos/efectos adversos , Niño , Preescolar , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Humanos , Liberación de Radiactividad Peligrosa/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores de Riesgo , Siberia , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The paper shows it adequate to apply a systems approach to assessing the role of technogenic pollution of the environment in the system of socio-hygienic and biomedical factors that affect the morbidity among pre-school children by using the epidemiological survey in the area of the Revdinsk-Pervouralsk industrial center as an example.
Asunto(s)
Contaminación Ambiental , Morbilidad , Factores de Edad , Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , Industrias , Factores de Riesgo , SiberiaRESUMEN
The development of specific plants of action to manage the health of different population groups should be based on the results of pilot studies whose purpose is to obtain information that is useful and understandable for decision makers. To improve the health of children living in the town of Gai, Orenburg Region, which is one of the most pressing problems for the town, 100 potential risk factors of frequent diseases among preschool children were analyzed. It has been shown that the frequent occurrence of diseases may be due to the influence of a complex of biomedical and sociohygienic factors. The use of multifactorial analysis permits one not only to assess a role of each factor, but to predict the effectiveness of different preventive measures. The findings yielded a scientifically grounded interdepartmental program for children's health improvement.
Asunto(s)
Protección a la Infancia , Salud Pública , Preescolar , Contaminación Ambiental , Humanos , Industrias , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Factores de Riesgo , Siberia , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
The radioactive radiation of the inhabitants of the town of Kamensk-Uralsky, Sverdlovsk Region, was studied for its impact on the health of their descendants. The radiation of parents was found to be a risk factor for increasing the high incidence of frequent respiratory diseases of their children. The dietary deficiency of vitamins in children and other factors are also causes of frequent respiratory diseases.