Anti-Solvent-Free Preparation for Efficient and Photostable Pure-Iodide Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells.

The perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell (TSC) has attracted tremendous attention due to its potential to breakthrough the theoretical efficiency set for single-junction solar cells. However, the perovskite solar cell (PSC) designed as its top component cell suffers from severe photo-induced halide segregation owing to its mixed-halide strategy for achieving desirable wide-bandgap (1.68 eV). Developing pure-iodide wide-bandgap perovskites is a promising route to fabricate photostable perovskite/silicon TSCs. Here, we report efficient and photostable pure-iodide wide-bandgap PSCs made from an anti-solvent-free (ASF) technique. The ASF process is achieved by mixing two precursor solutions, both of which are capable of depositing corresponding perovskite films without involving anti-solvent. The mixed solution finally forms Cs0.3DMA0.2MA0.5PbI3 perovskite film with a bandgap of 1.68 eV. Furthermore, methylammonium chloride additive is applied to enhance the crystallinity and reduce the trap density of perovskite films. As a result, the pure-iodide wide-bandgap PSC delivers efficiency as high as 21.30 % with excellent photostability, the highest for this type of solar cells. The ASF method significantly improves the device reproducibility as compared with devices made from other anti-solvent methods. Our findings provide a novel recipe to prepare efficient and photostable wide-bandgap PSCs.

Crystal structure of the GDSL family esterase EstL5 in complex with PMSF reveals a branch channel of the active site pocket.

Esterases/lipases from the GDSL family have potential applications in the hydrolysis and synthesis of important esters of pharmaceutical, food, and biotechnical interests. However, the structural and functional understanding of GDSL enzymes is still limited. Here, we report the crystal structure of the GDSL family esterase EstL5 complexed with PMSF at 2.34 Šresolution. Intriguingly, the PMSF binding site is not located at the active site pocket but is situated in a surface cavity. At the active site, we note that there is a trapped crystallization solvent 1,6-hexanediol, which mimics the bound ester chain, allowing for further definition of the active site pocket of EstL5. The most striking structural feature of EstL5 is the presence of a unique channel, which extends approximately 18.9 Å, with a bottleneck radius of 6.8 Å, connecting the active-site pocket and the surface cavity. Replacement of Ser205 with the bulk aromatic residue Trp or Phe could partially block the channel at one end and perturb its access. Reduced enzymatic activity is found in the EstL5 S205W and EstL5 S205F mutants, suggesting the functional relevance of the channel to enzyme catalysis. Our study provides valuable information regarding the properties of the GDSL-family enzymes for designing more efficient and robust biocatalysts.

An Innovative Approach for Removing Stripe Noise in Infrared Images.

The non-uniformity of infrared detectors' readout circuits can lead to stripe noise in infrared images, which affects their effective information and poses challenges for subsequent applications. Traditional denoising algorithms have limited effectiveness in maintaining effective information. This paper proposes a multi-level image decomposition method based on an improved LatLRR (MIDILatLRR). By utilizing the global low-rank structural characteristics of stripe noise, the noise and smooth information are decomposed into low-rank part images, and texture information is adaptively decomposed into several salient part images, thereby better preserving texture edge information in the image. Sparse terms are constructed according to the smoothness of the effective information in the final low-rank part of the image and the sparsity of the stripe noise direction. The modeling of stripe noise is achieved using multi-sparse constraint representation (MSCR), and the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) is used for calculation. Extensive experiments demonstrated the proposed algorithm's effectiveness and compared it with state-of-the-art algorithms in subjective judgments and objective indicators. The experimental results fully demonstrate the proposed algorithm's superiority and efficacy.

Image Restoration via Low-Illumination to Normal-Illumination Networks Based on Retinex Theory.

Under low-illumination conditions, the quality of the images collected by the sensor is significantly impacted, and the images have visual problems such as noise, artifacts, and brightness reduction. Therefore, this paper proposes an effective network based on Retinex for low-illumination image enhancement. Inspired by Retinex theory, images are decomposed into two parts in the decomposition network, and sent to the sub-network for processing. The reconstruction network constructs global and local residual convolution blocks to denoize the reflection component. The enhancement network uses frequency information, combined with attention mechanism and residual density network to enhance contrast and improve the details of the illumination component. A large number of experiments on public datasets show that our method is superior to existing methods in both quantitative and visual aspects.

Four kinds of body temperatures and their relationships with thermal perception.

Body temperature serves as the principal factor in thermal perception determination. Current thermal comfort researches mainly focused on skin temperature, while other kinds of body temperatures were often ignored. In laboratory with strictly controlled environment, 26 subjects (13 males and 13 females) remained seated for a duration of 130 min in two thermal environments (19 °C and 35 °C), arranged in a particular order; four kinds of body temperatures (skin temperature, oral temperature, auditory canal temperature and breath temperature) and three kinds of thermal perception votes (thermal sensation, thermal comfort and thermal acceptable) were regularly collected. The analysis results showed that, skin temperature and breath temperature significantly changed with ambient temperature (p < 0.001); the difference between average value of core temperature in two conditions was small (≤0.3 °C), but a significant difference was almost observed in auditory canal temperature of males (p = 0.07). Both skin temperature and breath temperature were significantly related with three subjective votes (p < 0.001), meanwhile, the prediction accuracy of breath temperature for thermal perception was in no way inferior to skin temperature. Although oral temperature and auditory canal temperature had partial significant correlations with thermal perception, they were difficult to be carried out in practical application due to their weak explanatory powers (correlation coefficient <0.3). In summary, this research tried to establish correlation laws between body temperatures and thermal perception votes during a temperature step-change experiment, while finding the potential of utilizing breath temperature for thermal perception prediction, which is expected to be further promoted in the future.

Acetate and auto-inducing peptide are independent triggers of quorum sensing in Lactobacillus plantarum.

The synthesis of plantaricin in Lactobacillus plantarum is regulated by quorum sensing. However, the nature of the extra-cytoplasmic (EC) sensing domain of the histidine kinase (PlnB1) and the ability to recognize the auto-inducing peptide PlnA1 is not known. We demonstrate the key motif Ile-Ser-Met-Leu of auto-inducing peptide PlnA1 binds to the hydrophobic region Phe-Ala-Ser-Gln-Phe of EC loop 2 of PlnB1 via hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding. Moreover, we identify a new inducer, acetate, that regulates the synthesis of plantaricin by binding to a positively charged region (Arg-Arg-Tyr-Ser-His-Lys) in loop 4 of PlnB1 via electrostatic interaction. The side chain of Phe143 on loop 4 determined the specificity and affinity of PlnB1 to recognize acetate. PlnA1 activates quorum sensing in log phase growth and acetate in stationary phase to maintain the synthesis of plantaricin under conditions of reduced growth. Acetate activation of PlnB was also evident in four types of PlnB present in different Lb. plantarum strains. Finally, we proposed a model to explain the developmental regulation of plantaricin synthesis by PlnA and acetate. These results have potential applications in improving food fermentation and bacteriocin production.

Plantaricin A reverses resistance to ciprofloxacin of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by inhibiting efflux pumps.

Overexpression of Staphylococcus aureus efflux pumps is commonly associated with antibiotic resistance, causing conventional antibiotics to be unsuccessful in combating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Reducing the activity of the efflux pump is an urgently required to tackle this problem. Here, we found that plantaricin A (PlnA), an antimicrobial peptide derived from Lactobacillus plantarum, had a synergistic effect with ciprofloxacin (CIP), reducing the IC90 of CIP by eight times. Subsequently, changes in membrane permeability, membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined; changes that did not explain the synergistic effect were previously observed. Ethidium bromide intake and efflux experiments showed that PlnA inhibited the function of the efflux pump by binding it and altering the structure of MepA, NorA, and LmrS. Then, a series of PlnA mutants were designed to explore the underlying mechanism; they showed that the charge and foaming of PlnA were the predominant factors affecting the structure of NorA. In a skin wound infection model, PlnA significantly reduced the dose of CIP, relieved inflammation, and promoted wound healing, indicating that PlnA and CIP synergy persisted in vivo. Overall, PlnA reduced the use of CIP for combination therapy, and allowing the continued used of CIP to kill MDR S. aureus. Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus threatens our life as a tenacious pathogen, which causes infections in hospitals, communities and animal husbandry. Various studies have showed that efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) have been considered potential therapeutic agents for rejuvenating the activity of antibiotics. Unfortunately, small molecule EPIs exhibit several side effects that limit their use for clinical application. The present study showed a new EPI (plantaricin A) produced by Lactobacillus plantarum, which has low cytotoxicity and haemolysis and powerful inhibitory activity on efflux pumps. Therefore, it helps the design of new EPIs and controls the infection of MDR S. aureus.

Plantaricin A, Derived from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Reduces the Intrinsic Resistance of Gram-Negative Bacteria to Hydrophobic Antibiotics.

The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is one of the major factors contributing to the development of antibiotic resistance, resulting in a lack of effectiveness of several hydrophobic antibiotics. Plantaricin A (PlnA) intensifies the potency of antibiotics by increasing the permeability of the bacterial outer membrane. Moreover, it has been proven to bind to the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions and to interfere with the integrity of the bacterial outer membrane. Based on this mechanism, we designed a series of PlnA1 analogs by changing the structure, hydrophobicity, and charge to enhance their membrane-permeabilizing ability. Subsequent analyses revealed that among the PlnA1 analogs, OP4 demonstrated the highest penetrating ability, weaker cytotoxicity, and a higher therapeutic index. In addition, it decelerated the development of antibiotic resistance when the E. coli cells were continuously exposed to sublethal concentrations of erythromycin and ciprofloxacin for 30 generations. Further in vivo studies in mice with sepsis showed that OP4 heightens the potency of erythromycin against E. coli and relieves inflammation. In summary, our results showed that the PlnA1 analogs investigated in the present study, especially OP4, reduce the intrinsic antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative pathogens and expand the antibiotic sensitivity spectrum of hydrophobic antibiotics in Gram-negative bacteria. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic resistance is a global health concern due to indiscriminate use of antibiotics, resistance transfer, and intrinsic resistance of certain Gram-negative bacteria. The asymmetric bacterial outer membrane prevents the entry of hydrophobic antibiotics and renders them ineffective. Consequently, these antibiotics could be employed to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, after increasing their outer membrane permeability. As PlnA reportedly penetrates outer membranes, we designed a series of PlnA1 analogs and proved that OP4, one of these antimicrobial peptides, effectively augmented the permeability of the bacterial outer membrane. Furthermore, OP4 effectively improved the potency of erythromycin and alleviated inflammatory responses caused by Escherichia coli infection. Likewise, OP4 curtailed antibiotic resistance development in E. coli, thereby prolonging exposure to sublethal antibiotic concentrations. Thus, the combined use of hydrophobic antibiotics and OP4 could be used to treat infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria by decreasing their intrinsic antibiotic resistance.

An endolysin Salmcide-p1 from bacteriophage fmb-p1 against gram-negative bacteria.

AIMS: A novel endolysin Salmcide-p1 was developed as a promising candidate of new preservative and a supplement to effective enzyme preparations against gram-negative bacterial contaminations. METHODS AND RESULTS: Salmcide-p1 was identified by complementing the genomic sequence of a virulent Salmonella phage fmb-p1. Salmcide-p1 of 112 µg ml-1 could quickly kill Salmonella incubated with 100 mmol l-1 EDTA, with no haemolytic activity. Meanwhile, Salmcide-p1 had a high activity of lysing Salmonella cell wall peptidoglycan. At different temperatures (4-75°C), pH (4-11) and NaCl concentration (10-200 mmol l-1 ), the relative activity of Salmcide-p1 was above 60%. At 4°C, the combination of Salmcide-p1 and EDTA-2Na could inhibit the number of Salmonella Typhimurium CMCC 50115 in skim milk to less than 4 log CFU ml-1 by 3 days, and the number of Shigella flexneri CMCC 51571 was lower than 4 log CFU ml-1 by 9 days. CONCLUSIONS: Salmcide-p1 had a wide bactericidal activity against gram-negative bacteria and showed a broader anti-Salmonella spectrum than the phage fmb-p1. The combination strategy of Salmcide-p1 and EDTA-2Na could significantly inhibit the growth of gram-negative bacteria inoculated in skim milk. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Bacteriophage endolysin as an antibacterial agent is considered to be a new strategy against bacterial contamination.

Strategies to Improve the Activity and Biocompatibility: Modification of Peptide Antibiotics.

As host defense peptides, peptide antibiotics exist in almost all organisms. Many of their activities come from their inactivation of bacteria, yeast, fungi, and even cancer cells. However, natural peptide antibiotics are relatively poor in stability and penetration, and have high hemolytic properties, which makes them difficult to directly apply. Therefore, natural peptide antibiotics can be modified to enhance their activity and biocompatibility. Based on the characteristics of amino acids, amino acid substitutions can be performed to study the effect of amino acid types on the activity of peptide antibiotics. The design of ultrashort peptides, cyclic peptides, and self-assembling peptides is also a way to improve the activity of peptide antibiotics. In addition, antibacterial peptides can also be conjugated with antibiotics, lipids, or metal ions to prepare antibacterial peptides with special activities. This review introduces several methods for modifying peptide antibiotics and their specific applications, providing a theoretical basis for the further application of peptide antibiotics.

A Novel Stripe Noise Removal Model for Infrared Images.

Infrared images often carry obvious streak noises due to the non-uniformity of the infrared detector and the readout circuit. These streak noises greatly affect the image quality, adding difficulty to subsequent image processing. Compared with current elimination algorithms for infrared stripe noises, our approach fully utilizes the difference between the stripe noise components and the actual information components, takes the gradient sparsity along the stripe direction and the global sparsity of the stripe noises as regular terms, and treats the sparsity of the components across the stripe direction as a fidelity term. On this basis, an adaptive edge-preserving operator (AEPO) based on edge contrast was proposed to protect the image edge and, thus, prevent the loss of edge details. The final solution was obtained by the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). To verify the effectiveness of our approach, many real experiments were carried out to compare it with state-of-the-art methods in two aspects: subjective judgment and objective indices. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our approach.

Partitionable High-Efficiency Multilayer Diffractive Optical Neural Network.

A partitionable adaptive multilayer diffractive optical neural network is constructed to address setup issues in multilayer diffractive optical neural network systems and the difficulty of flexibly changing the number of layers and input data size. When the diffractive devices are partitioned properly, a multilayer diffractive optical neural network can be constructed quickly and flexibly without readjusting the optical path, and the number of optical devices, which increases linearly with the number of network layers, can be avoided while preventing the energy loss during propagation where the beam energy decays exponentially with the number of layers. This architecture can be extended to construct distinct optical neural networks for different diffraction devices in various spectral bands. The accuracy values of 89.1% and 81.0% are experimentally evaluated for MNIST database and MNIST fashion database and show that the classification performance of the proposed optical neural network reaches state-of-the-art levels.

Acetate Activates Lactobacillus Bacteriocin Synthesis by Controlling Quorum Sensing.

Bacteriocins are useful for controlling the composition of microorganisms in fermented food. Bacteriocin synthesis is regulated by quorum sensing mediated by autoinducing peptides. In addition, short-chain fatty acids, especially acetic acid, reportedly regulate bacteriocin synthesis. Five histidine kinases that regulated the synthesis of bacteriocins were selected to verify their interactions with acetate. Acetate activated the kinase activity of PlnB, SppK, and HpK3 in vitro and increased the yield of their cognate bacteriocins plantaricin EF, sakacin A, and rhamnosin B in vivo. The antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus of the fermentation supernatants of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus sakei, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus with addition of acetate increased to 298%, 198%, and 289%, respectively, compared with that in the absence of acetate. Our study elucidated the activation activity of acetate in bacteriocin synthesis, and it might provide a potential strategy to increase the production of bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus. IMPORTANCE Bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are particularly useful in food preservation and food safety. Bacteriocins might increase bacterial competitive advantage against the indigenous microbiota of the intestines; at the same time, bacteriocins could limit the growth of undesired microorganisms in yogurt and other dairy products. This study confirmed that three kinds of histidine kinases were activated by acetate and upregulated bacteriocin synthesis both in vitro and in vivo. The increasing yield of bacteriocins reduced the number of pathogens and increased the number of probiotics in milk. Bacteriocin synthesis activation by acetate may have a broad application in the preservation of dairy products and forage silage.

The determination of antibacterial mode for cationic lipopeptides brevibacillins against Salmonella typhimurium by quantum chemistry calculation.

Brevibacillins are broad-spectrum cationic antimicrobial lipopeptides produced by Brevibacillus laterosporus fmb70 CGMCC 18426. The antibacterial mode of brevibacillins against Salmonella typhimurium CICC 21493 was investigated by quantum chemistry calculation in this study. The addition of LPS, Mg2+, and Ca2+ partially reduced the antimicrobial activity of brevibacillin and brevibacillin V against S. typhimurium, which indicated that the two cationic lipopeptides could bind to LPS and displaced the divalent cations on the LPS network. Release of LPS from S. typhimurium by brevibacillin and brevibacillin V resulted in destroying the dense LPS network and increasing the permeability of the outer membrane. Quantum chemistry calculation analysis revealed that Lys7 is the most critical amino acid residue to destroy the outer membrane. The total average N-H charge difference of the three protonated amino groups (Orn3-NH3, Lys7-NH3, and Lys10-NH3) determined the ability of brevibacillin V to bind LPS stronger than brevibacillin. Calcein complete leakage from liposomes and release of DiSC3-5 from the cytoplasmic membrane (CM) indicated that brevibacillin and brevibacillin V may destroy the CM. Brevibacillin and brevibacillin V exhibited their antimicrobial activities through membrane damages, where the OM permeability with high concentration of 64-256 µg/mL and membrane damage of CM with a low concentration of 4 µg/mL. Our finding might be helpful to understand the broad-spectrum antimicrobial mechanism of cationic lipopeptide and to design the novel antimicrobial peptide. KEY POINTS: • Brevibacillin V had stronger affinity for LPS than brevibacillin. • The N-H charge difference was the key of the difference in the affinity to LPS. • Brevibacillins inhibited Salmonella by displacing the divalent cations on the LPS.

An Artificial Molecular Shuttle Operates in Lipid Bilayers for Ion Transport.

Inspired by natural biomolecular machines, synthetic molecular-level machines have been proven to perform well-defined mechanical tasks and measurable work. To mimic the function of channel proteins, we herein report the development of a synthetic molecular shuttle, [2]rotaxane 3, as a unimolecular vehicle that can be inserted into lipid bilayers to perform passive ion transport through its stochastic shuttling motion. The [2]rotaxane molecular shuttle is composed of an amphiphilic molecular thread with three binding stations, which is interlocked in a macrocycle wheel component that tethers a K+ carrier. The structural characteristics enable the rotaxane to transport ions across the lipid bilayers, similar to a cable car, transporting K+ with an EC50 value of 1.0 µM (3.0 mol % relative to lipid). We expect that this simple molecular machine will provide new opportunities for developing more effective and selective ion transporters.

Abnormal Rheological Phenomena in Newtonian Fluids in Electroosmotic Flows in a Nanocapillary.

Abnormal rheological phenomena arising in Tris-borate-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solutions (believed to be Newtonian fluids) were observed in direct current electroosmotic flows within a nanocapillary with a diameter of 200 nm under a low electric field of tens of volts per meter. In solutions with different concentrations and pH values, the flow behavior indices of the power-law fluids were calculated on the basis of current-voltage relations. When the electric field intensity was below a critical value of 6.7 V/m, the fluids exhibited dilatant (shear thickening) effects. Fluid viscosity changed with electric field intensity because the near-wall shear rate of an electroosmotic flow changes with electric field intensity via a power-law relation. When the electric field intensity surpasses the critical electric field, the fluid again becomes Newtonian and has constant viscosity. The investigation shows that in nanocapillaries, fluids commonly believed to be Newtonian can become non-Newtonian near walls as a result of strong nanoscale interfacial effects. The results can also improve our understanding of electroosmosis-related transport phenomena in nanofluidics and biomedical science.

A Novel Method of Aircraft Detection Based on High-Resolution Panchromatic Optical Remote Sensing Images.

In target detection of optical remote sensing images, two main obstacles for aircraft target detection are how to extract the candidates in complex gray-scale-multi background and how to confirm the targets in case the target shapes are deformed, irregular or asymmetric, such as that caused by natural conditions (low signal-to-noise ratio, illumination condition or swaying photographing) and occlusion by surrounding objects (boarding bridge, equipment). To solve these issues, an improved active contours algorithm, namely region-scalable fitting energy based threshold (TRSF), and a corner-convex hull based segmentation algorithm (CCHS) are proposed in this paper. Firstly, the maximal variance between-cluster algorithm (Otsu's algorithm) and region-scalable fitting energy (RSF) algorithm are combined to solve the difficulty of targets extraction in complex and gray-scale-multi backgrounds. Secondly, based on inherent shapes and prominent corners, aircrafts are divided into five fragments by utilizing convex hulls and Harris corner points. Furthermore, a series of new structure features, which describe the proportion of targets part in the fragment to the whole fragment and the proportion of fragment to the whole hull, are identified to judge whether the targets are true or not. Experimental results show that TRSF algorithm could improve extraction accuracy in complex background, and that it is faster than some traditional active contours algorithms. The CCHS is effective to suppress the detection difficulties caused by the irregular shape.

Black Tungsten Nitride as a Metallic Photocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting Operable at up to 765†nm.

Semiconductor photocatalysts are hardly employed for overall water splitting beyond 700 nm, which is due to both thermodynamic aspects and activation barriers. Metallic materials as photocatalysts are known to overcome this limitation through interband transitions for creating electron-hole pairs; however, the application of metallic photocatalysts for overall water splitting has never been fulfilled. Black tungsten nitride is now employed as a metallic photocatalyst for overall water splitting at wavelengths of up to 765 nm. Experimental and theoretical results together confirm that metallic properties play a substantial role in exhibiting photocatalytic activity under red-light irradiation for tungsten nitride. This work represents the first red-light responsive photocatalyst for overall water splitting, and may open a promising venue in searching of metallic materials as efficient photocatalysts for solar energy utilization.

A presynaptic role for PKA in synaptic tagging and memory.

Protein kinase A (PKA) and other signaling molecules are spatially restricted within neurons by A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). Although studies on compartmentalized PKA signaling have focused on postsynaptic mechanisms, presynaptically anchored PKA may contribute to synaptic plasticity and memory because PKA also regulates presynaptic transmitter release. Here, we examine this issue using genetic and pharmacological application of Ht31, a PKA anchoring disrupting peptide. At the hippocampal Schaffer collateral CA3-CA1 synapse, Ht31 treatment elicits a rapid decay of synaptic responses to repetitive stimuli, indicating a fast depletion of the readily releasable pool of synaptic vesicles. The interaction between PKA and proteins involved in producing this pool of synaptic vesicles is supported by biochemical assays showing that synaptic vesicle protein 2 (SV2), Rim1, and SNAP25 are components of a complex that interacts with cAMP. Moreover, acute treatment with Ht31 reduces the levels of SV2. Finally, experiments with transgenic mouse lines, which express Ht31 in excitatory neurons at the Schaffer collateral CA3-CA1 synapse, highlight a requirement for presynaptically anchored PKA in pathway-specific synaptic tagging and long-term contextual fear memory. These results suggest that a presynaptically compartmentalized PKA is critical for synaptic plasticity and memory by regulating the readily releasable pool of synaptic vesicles.

Facilitation or hindrance? The impact of downward social comparison on adversarial growth.

Introduction: While adversity can bring great challenges to individuals' life and work, many people also find ways to make positive changes and adapt to these difficult circumstances. Individuals tend to make social comparisons more frequently and intensely when faced with adversity or high stress. The study attempts to examine the influence mechanism of downward social comparison on individual adversarial growth. Methods: By collecting data from 353 Chinese who have experienced adversities in the past 3 years, the study validates the dual mediating model of gratitude and self-acceptance and explores the moderating effect of interpersonal sensitivity. Results: The findings indicate that: downward social comparison can increase the occurrence of adversarial growth by enhancing individuals' self-acceptance and gratitude. Compared to individuals with low interpersonal sensitivity, individuals with high interpersonal sensitivity are more likely to facilitate the occurrence of adversarial growth through self-acceptance and gratitude due to downward social comparison. Discussion: In the face of adversity, individuals can regain self-confidence and respond positively by comparing themselves to people in worse situations than themselves. In particular, individuals with higher interpersonal sensitivity are more likely to benefit from downward social comparisons and grow from adversity.