How many pygmy marmoset (Cebuella Gray, 1870) species are there? A taxonomic re-appraisal based on new molecular evidence.

The pygmy marmoset, Cebuella pygmaea, the smallest of the New World monkeys, has one of the largest geographical distributions of the Amazonian primates. Two forms have been recognized: Cebuella pygmaea pygmaea (Spix, 1823), and C. p. niveiventris Lönnberg, 1940. In this study, we investigated if the separation of pygmy marmosets into these two clades can be corroborated by molecular data. We also examine and compare coloration of the pelage in light of the new molecular results. We analyzed the mtDNA cytochrome b gene and, for the first time for any Neotropical primate, we used a reduced representation genome sequencing approach (ddRADseq) to obtain data for recently collected, geographically representative samples from the Rio Japurá, a northern tributary of the Rio Solimões and from the Javarí, Jutaí, Juruá, Madeira and Purus river basins, all tributaries south of the Solimões. We estimated phylogenies and diversification times under both maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference criteria. Our analysis showed two highly supported clades, with intraclade divergences much smaller than interclade divergences, indicating two species of Cebuella: one from the Rio Japurá and one to the south of Solimões. The interpretation of our results in light of the current taxonomy is not trivial however. Lönnberg stated that the type of Spix's pygmy marmoset (type locality 'near Tabatinga') was obtained from the south of the Solimões, and his description of the distinct niveiventris from Lago Ipixuna, south of the Solimões and several hundred kilometres east of Tabatinga, was based on a comparison with specimens that he determined as typical pygmaea that were from the upper Rio Juruá (south of the Solimões). As such it remains uncertain whether the name pygmaea should be applicable to the pygmy marmosets north of the Rio Solimões (Tabatinga type locality) or south (near Tabatinga but across the Solimões). Finally, our analysis of pelage coloration revealed three phenotypic forms: (1) south of the Rio Solimoes, (2) Eirunepé-Acre, upper Juruá basin; and (3) Japurá. More samples from both sides of Solimões in the region of Tabatinga will be necessary to ascertain the exact type locality for Spix's pygmaea and to resolve the current uncertainties surrounding pygmy marmoset taxonomy.

In vitro photodynamic inactivation of Sporothrix schenckii complex species.

Photodynamic therapy has been applied successfully against cutaneous and subcutaneous mycoses. We applied methylene blue as a photosensitizing agent and light emitting diode (InGaAlP) against Sporothrix schenckii complex species in an in vitro assay. The viability of the conidia was determined by counting colony-forming units. Methylene blue in conjunction with laser irradiation was able to inhibit the growth of all tested samples. The in vitro inhibition of Sporothrix spp. isolates by laser light deserves in vivo experimental and clinical studies since it may be a promising treatment for cutaneous and subcutaneous sporotrichosis.

Hesperidinase encapsulation towards hesperitin production targeting improved bioavailability.

Hesperidin (hesperitin-7-O-rutinoside) and hesperitin (hesperitin-7-O-glucoside) show anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticarcinogenic effects and prevent bone loss. However, hesperidin has a low bioavailability compared to hesperitin due to the rutinoside moiety attached to the flavonoid. The removal of the rhamnose group to yield the corresponding flavonoid glucoside (hesperetin-7-glucoside) improved the bioavailability of the aglycone, hesperetin, in humans. In line with these assumptions, the aim of this work was the enzymatic production of hesperitin from hesperidin with hesperidinase. Despite the low hesperidin solubility in the reaction medium, the enzymatic bioconversion was carried with hesperidin soluble at lower concentrations (≤0.05 mg ml(-1)) and insoluble for high concentrations (>0.1-50 mg ml(-1)). A twofold increase in maximum reaction rates overtook the expected values, pointing to the enzyme ability to degrade insoluble hesperidin. To improve the bioprocess, hesperidinase was tested soluble and immobilized in calcium alginate (2%), k-carrageenan (2%), and chitosan (2%) beads. The immobilization was carried out by adsorption and encapsulation. Chitosan was cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (1% and 2%) and sodium sulfate (13.5% and 15%) in acetate buffer (0.02 M, pH 4.0). The relation between bioprocessing conditions and hesperidinase stability was studied. A residual activity of 193% was obtained with immobilized hesperidinase compared to the soluble form. A half-life of 770 min was attained with hesperidinase encapsulated in calcium alginate beads. The results presented in this work highlight the potential of hesperidinase encapsulation towards hesperitin production with insoluble substrate. To our knowledge, this work presents for the first time the potential of hesperidinase encapsulation on hydrogels for hesperitin production. This is an important achievement for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications of hesperitin because this compound presents a higher bioavailability compared to hesperidin.

High-affinity water-soluble system for efficient naringinase immobilization in polyvinyl alcohol-dimethyl sulfoxide lens-shaped particles.

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a water-soluble, biocompatible and biodegradable synthetic polymer whose application in the immobilization of biological agents for use in biocatalysis has shown promising results. This study aimed to investigate and optimize the immobilization of naringinase from Penicillium decumbens in PVA networks, targeting for the hydrolysis of naringin. Variables such as the most suitable cross-linker, catalyst, inorganic salt, co-solvents and solidification process were identified as key issues for PVA-based methods to form lens-shaped particles, while retaining high enzyme activity and stability. Major improvements were established for better and more reproducible immobilization conditions, namely, by designing a new immobilization apparatus to produce uniform lens-shaped particles. The common problems of PVA-based entrapment were significantly mitigated, through the use of selected cross-linker, glutaraldehyde (GA), and co-solvent, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which decreased the toxicity of the immobilization process and allowed the control of membrane porosity, respectively. The relevance of DMSO and GA and their interaction and effect on the swelling ratio, encapsulation efficiency and residual activity of PVA biocatalysts were established. The immobilization of naringinase in PVA under a DMSO concentration of 60%, cross-linked with 1% GA, and particle lens size of 3.5-4.0 mm, width of 100-300 µm and average particle volume of 12.5 ± 0.92 µL, allowed an encapsulation efficiency of 98.6% and an average residual activity of 87% ± 3.6%. The kinetic characterization of the immobilized naringinase showed no changes in pH profile, whereas hydrolytic activity increased up to 60 °C. Immobilization in PVA/DMSO/GA lens-shaped particles enhanced the storage stability of naringinase. Moreover, these naringinase bio-immobilizates retained a conversion rate higher than 78% after 23 runs.

Diversification of Amazonian spiny tree rats in genus Makalata (Rodentia, Echimyidae): Cryptic diversity, geographic structure and drivers of speciation.

Amazonian mammal diversity is exceptionally high, yet new taxonomic discoveries continue to be made and many questions remain for understanding its diversification through time and space. Here we investigate the diversification of spiny rats in the genus Makalata, whose species are strongly associated with seasonally flooded forests, watercourses and flooded islands. We use a biogeographical approach based on a mitochondrial cytochrome b gene through divergence time estimation and reconstruction of ancestral areas and events. Our findings indicate an ancient origin of Makalata for the Guiana Shield and Eastern Amazonia as ancestral area. A first cladogenetic event led to a phylogeographic break into two broader clades of Makalata through dispersal, implying a pattern of western/Eastern Amazonian clades coinciding with the Purus Arch (middle Miocene). Most of subclades we infer originated between the late Pliocene to the early Pleistocene, with few recent exceptions in the early Pliocene through dispersal and vicariant events. The hypothesis of rivers as dispersal barriers is not corroborated for Makalata, as expected for mammalian species associated with seasonally flooded environments. We identify two key events for the expansion and diversification of Makalata species: the presence of geologically stable areas in the Guiana and Brazilian shields and the transition from lacustrine conditions in western Amazonia (Acre system) to a river system, with the establishment of the Amazon River transcontinental system and its tributaries. Our results are congruent with older geological scenarios for the Amazon basin formation (Miocene), but we do not discard the influence of recent dynamics on some speciation events and, mainly, on phylogeographic structuring processes.

Currículo cultural: outras possibilidades de pensar a ressignificação / Cultural curriculum: other possibilities of thinking about resignification / Currículo cultural: otras posibilidades de pensar la resignificación

Resumo Neste artigo, apresentamos o modo como o encaminhamento didático-metodológico do Currículo Cultural da Educação Física denominado ressignificação emerge nas aulas do componente e alguns de seus possíveis efeitos nos modos de subjetivação dos discentes. Por meio de uma autoetnografia, produzimos um relato de prática pedagógica, o qual analisamos com base no quadro teórico que ancora essa perspectiva curricular e nas noções de governamentalidade e contraconduta desenvolvidas por Michel Foucault. Notamos que a ressignificação desponta nas ações de resistência promovidas pelos discentes em relação aos modos de regulação das aulas e da prática corporal em estudo. Visto que essas resistências possibilitaram aos discentes elaborarem ações de contraconduta. Um processo que possibilitou outras conduções de si, do outro, assim como diferentes formas de ser, viver e pensar sobre a prática corporal em estudo, potencializando práticas de liberdade. (AU)

Abstract In this article, we present in which way the didactic-methodological proceeding of the Cultural Curriculum of Physical Education called resignification emerges, and some of its possible effects on the students' modes of subjectivation. By means of an autoethnography, we produced a report of pedagogical practice, which we analyzed based on the theoretical bases that anchors this curricular perspective and the notions of governmentality and counter-conduct elaborated by Michel Foucault. We noticed that the resignification emerges in the resistance actions promoted by the participants in relation to the ways of regulating the classes and the corporal practices under study, since these allow students to elaborate counter-conduct actions. A process that made possible other conducts of self, of others, as well as different ways of being, living and thinking about the corporal practices under study, potentiating practices of freedom. (AU)

Resumen En este artículo presentamos la forma en que emerge en las clases componentes el enfoque didáctico-metodológico del Currículo Cultural de Educación Física denominado resignificación y algunos de sus posibles efectos en los modos de subjetivación de los estudiantes. A través de una autoetnografía elaboramos un relato de la práctica pedagógica, que analizamos a partir del marco teórico que ancla esta perspectiva curricular y las nociones de gubernamentalidad y contraconducta desarrolladas por Michel Foucault. Notamos que la resignificación emerge en las acciones de resistencia promovidas por los estudiantes en relación a las formas de regular las clases y la práctica corporal en estudio, ya que estas permiten a los estudiantes elaborar acciones de contraconducta. Un proceso que posibilitó otras conductas del yo, del otro, así como diferentes formas de ser, vivir y pensar el cuerpo en estudio, potenciando prácticas de libertad. (AU)

Exploring magnetic and imprinted cross-linked enzyme aggregates of rhamnopyranosidase in microbioreactors.

The goal of this work was the development of magnetic cross link enzyme aggregates (mCLEAs) of rhamnopyranosidase (Rhmnase), prepared by chemical cross-linking with functionalized magnetite nanoparticles for glycompounds biosynthesis in microbioreactors (specially design 24-well microplate and mini-packed bed). Rhamnopyranosidase (EC number 3.2.1.40) present high potential in glycocompounds production, with applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. The influence of precipitants, cross-linkers, temperature and time on (m)CLEAs@Rhmnase development were optimized. Biocatalyst activity was accessed in the hydrolysis of 4',5,7-trihydroxyflavanone-7-rhamnoglucoside and kinetic constants in the deglycosylation reaction were evaluated. Rhmnase operational stability was enhanced in mCLEAs, retaining almost 90% initial activity after 7 cycles of 24 h each. In a mini-packed bed bioreactor a maximum volumetric productivity of 140 µmol/L.h was attained. In this bioreactor the operational stability of mCLEAs@Rhmnase were evaluated at a flow rate of 5 mL/h during 5 days and a residual activity of 95% was observed.

CKD-EPI versus Cockcroft-Gault formula for predicting contrast-induced nephropathy following percutaneous coronary intervention in patients without significant renal impairment. / Fórmula de CKD­EPI versus Cockcroft­Gault na predição de nefropatia induzida por contraste após intervenção coronária percutânea, em pacientes sem disfunção renal significativa.

INTRODUCTION: Individuals with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2 estimated by the Cockcroft-Gault formula (CG) who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) frequently develop contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). This study aimed to assess whether individuals with significant renal impairment assessed by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) formula, but not by CG, more often develop CIN following PCI than those without renal impairment by either formula. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study analyzing patients with baseline CG GFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2 before PCI, subjects were divided into two groups according to CIN occurrence. Baseline CKD-EPI GFR was calculated for all patients. RESULTS: We analyzed 140 patients. Baseline GFR was 87.5±21.3 and 77.1±15.0 ml/min/1.73 m2 for CG and CKD-EPI, respectively. CIN occurred in 84.6% of individuals with baseline CKD-EPI GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 vs. 51.1% of those without. Males and those with higher body mass index were more likely to present baseline CKD-EPI GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (p=0.021). Non-ionic contrast agent use and baseline CKD-EPI GFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2 were protective factors against CIN. Greater amounts of contrast agent and acute coronary syndrome were associated with higher CIN risk. In subjects with serum creatinine <1.0 mg/dl, GFR was more likely to be overestimated by CG, but not by CKD-EPI (sensitivity 100.0%; specificity 52.0%). CONCLUSION: In patients undergoing PCI without renal dysfunction by CG, a finding of CKD-EPI GFR <60 ml/ min/1.73 m2 was associated with a higher probability of CIN, especially among men and those with higher body mass index.

Electrocardiography scar quantification correlates with scar size of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy seen by multidetector computed tomography.

BACKGROUND: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a genetically transmitted disease, is the most common genetic cardiovascular disease. Current strategies to stratify risk are expensive and concentrated in wealthy centers. Twelve-lead electrocardiography (ECG) is inexpensive, universally available, and can be readily used for Selvester QRS scoring, which estimates scar size. This study aimed to establish the relation between ECG scar quantification and myocardial fibrosis (extent of myocardial delayed enhancement) in multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). HYPOTHESIS: There is a significant association between ECG scar quantification and the extent of myocardial delayed enhancement in MDCT. METHODS: Seventy-five patients with HCM underwent a routine clinical evaluation and echocardiography, 12-lead ECG, and MDCT study. Patients with and without an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator were included. RESULTS: The estimated Selvester QRS score of myocardial fibrosis was correlated significantly (R = 0.70; P < 0.01) with the quantified MDCT fibrosis. Compared with MDCT, the QRS score had 84.8% sensitivity and 88.8% specificity. Myocardial fibrosis was present in 88% of these patients with HCM (fibrotic mass, 9.87 ±10.8 g) comprising 5.66% ±6.16% of the total myocardial mass seen on the MDCT images. The Selvester QRS score reliably predicted the fibrotic mass in 76% of patients, which estimated 8.44% ±7.39% of the total myocardial mass. CONCLUSIONS: The Selvester QRS score provides reliable quantification of myocardial fibrosis and was well correlated with MDCT in patients with HCM.

Os desafios da Educação Física em tempos de ataques à educação / Physical Education's challenges in times of attack on education / Los desafíos de la Educación Física en tiempos de ataques a la educación

Trata-se de um dossiê cujo objetivo é discutir a relação entre a Educação Física, escolas e políticas educacionais em jogo de forças que envolve o Estado, a sociedade civil e o mercado. Reúne artigos originais e relatos de experiência oriundos de diversas universidades brasileiras. Analisa a temática a partir de um olhar sobre a escola moderna que permite constatar que de tempos em tempos acirram-se as disputas para afirmar a função da educação física escolar na sociedade.

This dossier discusses the relationship between Physical Education, schools and educational policies in a game of forces that involves the State, civil society and the market. It brings together original articles and experience reports from several Brazilian universities. It analyzes the theme from a look at the modern school that allows us to understand periodical disputes to assert the role of School Physical Educationin society.

Se trata de un dossier cuyo objetivo es discutir la relación entre Educación Física, escuelas y políticas educativas en un juego de fuerzas que involucra al Estado, la sociedad civil y el mercado. Reúne artículos originales e informes de experiencias de varias universidades brasileñas. Analiza el tema desde una mirada a la escuela moderna que permite ver que periódicamente se intensifican las disputas para afirmar el papel dela educación física escolaren la sociedad.

Improved thermostable polyvinyl alcohol electrospun nanofibers with entangled naringinase used in a novel mini-packed bed reactor.

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) electrospun nanofibers were produced using an electrospinning technique. Key parameters (e.g. collectors, distance from needle tip to collector, among others) that influence the structure and morphology of fibers were optimized. The naringinase entrapped in PVA nanofibers retained over 100% of its initial activity after 212h of operation, at 25°C. Chemical crosslinking with several boronic acids further increased the hydrolysis temperature (up to 85°C) and yielded nanofibers with thermal stability up to 121°C. A mini packed bed reactor (PBR) developed to establish the feasibility for continuous enzymatic operation, ran for 16days at 45°C. Highest naringenin biosynthesis was attained at a flow rate of 10mLh(-1). Highest volumetric (78molL(-1)h(-1)) and specific (26molh(-1)genzyme(-1)) productivities were attained at 30mLh(-1). The activity of NGase in electrospun nanofibers remained constant for almost 16days of operation at 10mLh(-1).

Cistite enfisematosa em paciente idosa após cirurgia / Emphysematous cystitis in an elderly female patient after surgery / Cistitis enfisematosa en paciente anciana después de una cirugía

Objetivo: Relatar o caso de uma paciente não diabética com cistite enfisematosa. Descrição do caso: A seguinte descrição foi aprovada pelo CEP da UNIPAMPA conforme parecer n° 3.459.252. Paciente feminina, 82 anos, não diabética, que havia realizado procedimento cirúrgico. Achados em exames de imagem associados à cultura e exames laboratoriais direcionaram o diagnóstico para cistite enfisematosa. Foi realizado manejo conservador com antibioticoterapia com boa evolução. Conclusão: A cistite enfisematosa é um diagnóstico diferencial que requer alto nível de suspeição em pacientes não diabéticos, sendo o uso de métodos de imagem essencial para a sua realização.(AU)

Objectives: To report the case of a non-diabetic patient with emphysematous cystitis. Case description: The following description was approved by the REC from UNIPAMPA registered under the n° 3.459.252. Non-diabetic, 82 year-old female patient, who had undergone a surgical procedure. Findings in image tests associated with culture and laboratory tests directed her diagnosis to emphysematous cystitis. Conservative management was carried out and the patient was discharged after seven days of antibiotic therapy. Conclusion: Emphysematous cystitis is a differential diagnosis that requires a high level of clinical suspicion in non-diabetic patients and the use of imaging methods is essential for its achievement.(AU)

Objetivos: Reportar el caso de una paciente no diabética con cistitis enfisematosa. Descripción del caso: La siguiente descripción fue aprobada por el CEI de la UNIPAMPA según parecer n° 3.459.252. Paciente femenina de ochenta y dos años, no diabética, que había realizado un procedimiento quirúrgico. Evidencias encontradas en los exámenes de imagen asociados a cultivos y exámenes de laboratorio direccionaron el diagnóstico a Cistitis enfisematosa. Fue realizado el manejo conservador con antibioticoterapia con buena evolución. Conclusión: Cistitis enfisematosa es un diagnóstico diferencial que requiere un alto nivel de sospecha clínica en pacientes no diabéticos, siendo el uso de métodos de imagen esencial para su realización.(AU)

Projeto social, esporte e educação: a produção da identidade no ensino do taekwondo / Social project, sport and education: the production of identity in teaching taekwondo / Proyecto social, deporte y educación: la producción de la identidad en la enseñanza del taekwondo

Por meio de algumas noções conceituais produzidas no campo dos Estudos Culturais e entrevistas narrativas com participantes de um projeto social de ensino do Taekwondo, vinculado ao Programa Escola da Família, analisamos como projetos desse tipo influenciam na vida de jovens em situação de vulnerabilidade social. Consideramos que tais projetos produzem identidades e impactam as subjetividades dos jovens atendidos, quando estes não se adéquam aos discursos hegemônicos de classe social, gênero, saúde e educação; contribuem para que crianças e jovens permaneçam à margem da sociedade em que se encontram e, por consequência, favorecem a promoção de políticas que os mantém tutelados pelo Estado.

Through some conceptual notions produced in the field of Cultural Studies and narrative interviews with participants from the social project the teaching of Taekwondo linked to the Escola da Família Program, we analyzed how projects of this type influence the lives of young people in situations of social vulnerability. We consider that projects like this impact the subjectivities of the young people who is inside the project, when they are not adapted to the hegemonic discourses of social classes, gender, health and education; they help children and young people to remain on the margins of the society in which they find themselves and, consequently, favoring the promotion of policies that keep them under the tutelage of the State.

Através de algunas nociones conceptuales producidas en el campo de los Estudios Culturales y entrevistas narrativas con los participantes del un proyecto social de la enseñanza del Taekwondo, vinculado al Programa Escola da Família, analizamos cómo proyectos de este tipo influyen en la vida de los jóvenes en situaciones de vulnerabilidad social. Consideramos que proyectos como este impactan las subjetividades de los jóvenes atendidos, cuando no se adaptan a los discursos hegemónicos de clase social, género, salud y educación; ayudan a los niños, niñas y jóvenes a permanecer al margen de la sociedad en la que se encuentran y, en consecuencia, favorecen la promoción de políticas que los mantengan bajo la tutela del Estado.

Operational stability of naringinase PVA lens-shaped microparticles in batch stirred reactors and mini packed bed reactors-one step closer to industry.

The immobilization of naringinase in PVA lens-shaped particles, a cheap and biocompatible hydrogel was shown to provide an effective biocatalyst for naringin hydrolysis, an appealing reaction in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The present work addresses the operational stability and scale-up of the bioconversion system, in various types of reactors, namely shaken microtiter plates (volume ⩽ 2 mL), batch stirred tank reactors (volume <400 mL) and a packed-bed reactor (PBR, 6.8 mL). Consecutive batch runs were performed with the shaken/stirred vessels, with reproducible and encouraging results, related to operational stability. The PBR was used to establish the feasibility for continuous operation, running continuously for 54 days at 45°C. The biocatalyst activity remained constant for 40 days of continuous operation. The averaged specific productivity was 9.07 mmol h(-1) g enzyme(-1) and the half-life of 48 days.

Food quality in the late postoperative period of bariatric surgery: an evaluation using the bariatric food pyramid.

Bariatric surgery is an effective intervention in the treatment of obesity, but lifestyle and diet should be monitored after this procedure to ensure success. The Bariatric Food Pyramid was created basing on long-term nutritional care that proposes a standard of healthy living and eating habits considering gastric capacity and specific nutritional needs. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the life habits and diet quality of patients who have undergone bariatric surgery (who have been recovering for at least 6 months) based on the specific food pyramid. Retrospective data analysis was performed using medical records of patients who had been followed for at least 6 months after bariatric surgery. The following data were collected from patient records: age, gender, education level (years), BMI (preoperative and postoperative), percentage of excess weight loss (EWL) relative to the time of surgery, frequency of physical activity, use of nutritional supplements, usual dietary intake history, and fluid intake. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. We evaluated 172 patient records. In this study, there was a low prevalence of physical activity, use of vitamin-mineral supplements, and water intake. There also was low consumption of protein, fruit, vegetables, and vegetable oils. In addition, intake of carbohydrates, sugars, and fats were higher than the recommendations established by the pyramid. The results indicate that patients who have undergone bariatric surgery have an inadequate diet according to food evaluation with the specific pyramid. In the long term, this may lead to weight gain and vitamin and mineral deficiencies.

Clinical Course of Patients Undergoing Myocardial Revascularization Surgery in a Public Cardiology Referral Hospital in Pará, Brazil

Myocardial revascularization surgery (MRS) is the most frequently performed cardiac surgery in Brazil. However, data on mortality rates among patients undergoing MRS in hospitals other than the main referral centers in the northern Brazil are scarce. Objective: To describe the clinical course of patients that submitted to MRS in the major public cardiology referral hospital in the Brazilian Amazon. Methods: Retrospective cohort analysis, by review of medical records of patients who had undergone MRS at Hospital das Clínicas Gaspar Vianna (FHCGV) from January 2013 to June 2014. Results: A total of 179 patients were evaluated. Mortality rate was 11.7% until 30 days after surgery. Waiting time for surgery ≥ 30 days (OR 2.59, 95%CI 1.02 - 6.56, p = 0.039), infection during hospitalization (OR 3.28, 95%CI 1.15 - 9.39, p = 0.021) and need for hemodialysis after surgery (OR 9.06 95%CI 2.07 - 39.54, p = 0.001) were predictors of mortality after CABG. Conclusion: A high mortality rate in the study population was found, higher than that reported in the literature and in other regions of Brazil

Microtiter plates versus stirred mini-bioreactors in biocatalysis: a scalable approach.

To place the application of miniaturized vessels as microbioreactors on a firm footing, focus has been given to engineering characterization. Studies on this matter have mostly involved carrier-free biological systems, while support-based systems have been overlooked. The present work aims to contribute to fill in such gap. Thus, it intended to establish a robust scaled down approach to identify and optimize relevant operational conditions of naringin hydrolysis by naringinase in PVA lens-shaped particles. The influence of geometric and dynamic (viz. Reynolds number) parameters was evaluated. Naringin hydrolysis in round, flat bottom MTP proved more effective than in square, pyramidal bottom. The bioconversion at MTP and stirred tank reactors scales showed that, given the 12.5-fold scale difference was in agreement between the bioconversion rates. The external mass transfer resistances were negligible as deduced from Damkohler modulus ≤1. The bioconversion was effectively scaled-up 200-fold from shaken microtiter plates to stirred tank reactors.

[Nutritional consultations frequency after bariatric surgery]. / Avaliação da frequência em consultas nutricionais dos pacientes após cirurgia bariátrica.

BACKGROUND: With the growth of surgical interventions to reduce obesity, there is a necessity of a periodic nutritional attendance at long term to ensure the nutritional status of the patients. AIM: To assess the adherence to the periodic nutritional attendance of patients undergoing bariatric surgery. METHODS: Data were collected from registration forms of a nutrition service from patients who underwent bariatric surgery between 2001 and 2008. RESULTS: Were evaluated 469 registration forms, of which 83% corresponded to female and 16.8% to male, with a mean age of 38.2 ± 12.03 years. The attendance showed an average of 2.04 ± 0.77 pre-operatively queries and 3.4 ± 9.19 post-operative queries and there was progressive reduction in assiduity of these patients in surgical follow-up. CONCLUSION: There was a high dropout of the patients in post-operative nutritional attendance, being primarily concerned about the high dropout after two years of surgery; this tendency may result in metabolic complications and regain of lost weight.

A racionalização do espaço como dispositivo da educação superior / Rationalization of space as a device for higher education / La racionalización del espacio como dispositivo de la educación superior

Resumo: Este artigo destaca a racionalização do espaço como elemento significativo da Educação Superior a partir do currículo de um curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física de uma instituição privada de ensino. Por transmitir significados, determinar e separar os locais nos quais os indivíduos circulam e convivem, nele se produzem discursos e práticas culturais que introduzem novas formas de regulação dos sujeitos, constituindo estratégias de subjetivação. Os dados produzidos por meio de observações sistemáticas foram analisados mediante a noção de governamentalidade, entendida por Michel Foucault como a arte de governo de si e dos outros. Os resultados indicam que são realizados investimentos estratégicos em práticas culturais específicas com a finalidade de regular e validar formas de viver afeitas a algumas características do neoliberalismo globalizado como consumismo, espetáculo e volatilidade. (AU)

Abstract: This article discusses rationalization of space as a meaningful element for higher education on the Physical Education curriculum of a private school. Since it conveys meaning and determines and separates the places where people live and circulate, discourses and cultural practices are produced in it that introduce new forms for regulating subjects, which constitute subjectivation strategies. Data produced by systematic observations were analyzed under the notion of governmentality, understood by Michel Foucault as the art of governing self and others. The results indicate that strategic investments are made in specific cultural practices in order to regulate and validate forms of living that are close to some features of globalized neoliberalism such as consumerism, spectacle and volatility.

Resumen: En este artículo se destaca la racionalización del espacio como elemento significativo de la Educación Superior a partir del currículo de un curso de licenciatura en Educación Física de una institución privada. Por transmitir significados, determinar y separar los locales donde circulan y conviven los individuos, en él se producen discursos y prácticas culturales que introducen nuevas formas de regulación de los sujetos, constituyendo estrategias de subjetivación. Los datos producidos a través de observaciones sistemáticas fueron analizados mediante la noción de gubernamentalidad, entendida por Michel Foucault como el arte de gobierno de sí y de los otros. Los resultados indican que se realizan inversiones estratégicas en prácticas culturales específicas con el fin de regular y validar formas de vida similares a algunas características del neoliberalismo globalizado, como consumismo, espectáculo y volatilidad.

Análise das publicações acadêmicas sobre a Educação Física no Currículo do Estado de São Paulo / Analysis of academic publications on Physical Education in the Curriculum of the State of São Paulo / Análisis de publicaciones académicas sobre Educación Física em el Currículo del Estado de São Paulo

O presente artigo analisa os jogos de força bem como os discursos de legitimação presentes no debate curricular da Educação Física, com foco no currículo do Estado de São Paulo. Para tal fim, realizamos uma revisão sistemática acerca das publicações que tratam da disciplina Educação Física neste programa curricular. As observações realizadas basearam-se nas contribuições de Stephen Ball acerca das políticas curriculares e de Lopes, Macedo e Silva, autores do campo do currículo no Brasil. A pesquisa indica que tais publicações produzem certos regimes de verdades por meio de práticas discursivas contributivas, as favoráveis à aceitação do documento e as desaprovativas, que criticam o currículo oficial. No entanto, em comum, ambas permitem a defesa de um programa curricular comum na área da Educação Física

This article analyzes the games of strength as well as the legitimation discourses present in the curriculum debate of Physical Education, focusing on the curriculum of the State of São Paulo. To this end, we conducted a systematic review about the publications dealing with the assignature of Physical Education in this curriculum. The observations made were based on the contributions of Stephen Ball on curriculum policies and Lopes, Macedo and Silva authors of the field of curriculum in Brazil. The research indicates that such publications produce certain regimes of truths through contributory discursive practices, those favorable to the acceptance of the document and the disaprovatives that criticize the official curriculum. However, in common, both allow the defense of a common curriculum in the of School Physical Education.

Este artículo analiza los juegos de fuerza, así como los discursos de legitimación presentes en el debate curricular de la Educación Física, centrándose en el currículo del Estado de São Paulo. Para ello, realizamos una revisión sistemática sobre las publicaciones que tratan de la assignatura Educación Física en este currículo. Las observaciones se basaron en las contribuciones de Stephen Ball, sobre políticas curriculares, y Lopes, Macedo y Silva, autores del campo curricular en Brasil. La investigación indica que tales publicaciones producen ciertos regímenes de verdades a través de prácticas discursivas contributivas, las favorables a la aceptación del documento y las desaprobacións que critican el currículo oficial. Sin embargo, en común, ambos permiten la defensa de un currículo común en el área de la Educación Física.