A practical approach to the management of hair loss in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Female patterned hair loss (FPHL) is a common form of androgenetic alopecia in women and is characterized by a hormonally directed diffuse hair loss on the scalp. Management of FPHL is well described in the literature; however, treatment of FPHL in patients with co-morbid polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), an endocrinologic condition found in reproductive-aged women, has not yet been reviewed. Due to the different pathomechanism of the diseases and complexity of FPHL in PCOS patients, this study aimed to review current diagnosis and management approaches for hair loss in PCOS patients specifically and highlight the growing need for more research in this growing patient population.

Mpox "Monkeypox" Virus: The Importance of Inclusive Imagery to Prevent Disease Stigma.

Since the initial coverage of the monkeypox virus, there has been debate among physicians over how to responsibly communicate public health information without harming historically marginalized communities. On November 28, 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced its plan to rename monkeypox "mpox" following growing concern regarding the stigmatizing nature of the disease's original name. We believe providers, and especially dermatologists, have an opportunity to further shape conversations about the virus to mitigate the same stigmas that were perpetuated by media coverage surrounding the HIV epidemic and contributed to the rise of anti-LGBTQ and HIV+ violence. Specifically, dermatologists have an opportunity to engage in conversations about the psychosocial impact of visible skin disease, advocating for healthcare equity by using both inclusive imagery and non-discriminatory language.J Drugs Dermatol. 2023;22(12):1235-1236. doi:10.36849/JDD.7482.

Pivotal role of microRNA-138 in human cancers.

Aberrant expression of certain microRNAs (miRNAs) has been implicated in cancers as a promising druggable target due to the fact that a modulation of the deregulated single miRNA seems to revert the therapeutically unfavorable gene expressions in cancer cell by targeting multiple genes. Global miRNA profiling from a number of patient cohorts in various type of human cancers has identified miR-138 as a signature of tumor suppressor that are down-regulated in most types of human cancer. As a tumor suppressor, miR-138 can inhibit oncogenic proteins by directly bind to their mRNAs. However, in rare cases of cancer stem cell population from glioblastoma, miR-138 seems to be down-regulated and plays an oncogenic function. This review will summarize accumulating evidence that has shown the expression and functional role of miR-138 in various human cancers with its target genes and pathways in a hope to find a better therapeutic option to treat human cancers.

Oxidase Activity of the Barnacle Adhesive Interface Involves Peroxide-Dependent Catechol Oxidase and Lysyl Oxidase Enzymes.

Oxidases are found to play a growing role in providing functional chemistry to marine adhesives for the permanent attachment of macrofouling organisms. Here, we demonstrate active peroxidase and lysyl oxidase enzymes in the adhesive layer of adult Amphibalanus amphitrite barnacles through live staining, proteomic analysis, and competitive enzyme assays on isolated cement. A novel full-length peroxinectin (AaPxt-1) secreted by barnacles is largely responsible for oxidizing phenolic chemistries; AaPxt-1 is driven by native hydrogen peroxide in the adhesive and oxidizes phenolic substrates typically preferred by phenoloxidases (POX) such as laccase and tyrosinase. A major cement protein component AaCP43 is found to contain ketone/aldehyde modifications via 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) derivatization, also called Brady's reagent, of cement proteins and immunoblotting with an anti-DNPH antibody. Our work outlines the landscape of molt-related oxidative pathways exposed to barnacle cement proteins, where ketone- and aldehyde-forming oxidases use peroxide intermediates to modify major cement components such as AaCP43.