[A Large Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Successfully Treated with Neoadjuvant Imatinib Followed by Surgery-A Case Report].

Neoadjuvant imatinib may prevent tumor rupture and the need for extended surgery by reducing the tumor size by approximately 35%, especially for large gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs), as shown in a previous phase Ⅱ study (Kurokawa et al. BJC 2017); however, the use ofneoadjuvant imatinib is not prevalent in clinical practice. Herein, we report a large gastric GIST that was successfully treated with neoadjuvant imatinib. A 74-year-old woman complained ofabdominal pain, and abdominal computed tomography(CT)revealed a 14 cm oval tumor in the left upper abdominal cavity. Gastric biopsy revealed that the tumor was a GIST. The patient also had a small lung tumor that was diagnosed as a primary lung carcinoma in the right upper lobe. We performed neoadjuvant imatinib for 6 months as the primary treatment. After 7 months ofimatinib administration, CT revealed that the GIST decreased in size but the lung cancer was slightly enlarged. Therefore, we performed right upper lung lobectomy and continued imatinib therapy for an additional 3 months. After a total of9 months ofneoadjuvant imatinib treatment, we performed partial gastrectomy combined with splenectomy without tumor rupture. The patient is scheduled to continue imatinib therapy for a total of 3 years.

[Administration of S-1 Monotherapy as Adjuvant Chemotherapy in a Patient with Advanced Gastric Cancer with HIV Infection].

A 64-year-old man with advanced gastric cancer presented with chief complaints of chest pain. His preoperative blood examination revealed positive results for serum HIV-antibody. His HIV-RNA level was 1.0×10 / 5 copies/mL, and his CD4lymphocyte count was 491 cell/mL; the patient was diagnosed with advanced gastric cancer and HIV infection. Distal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy and Roux-en-Y reconstruction were performed for treatment of the gastric cancer. Pathological examination revealed T3(SS)N3aM0, Stage III C cancer. After surgery, the patient was administered S-1 monotherapy as adjuvant treatment with antiretroviral therapy including tenofovir/emtricitabine and raltegravir. He completed 8 courses of S- 1 chemotherapy with no adverse events, such as a decrease in the CD4lymphocyte count or an increase in the HIV-RNA level. This patient with gastric cancer and HIV infection was safely treated using both antiretroviral therapy and chemotherapy owing to treatment intervention by chemotherapy and infectious diseases specialists.

[Outcomes of Staging Laparoscopy in Eight Patients with Positive Peritoneal Washing Cytology after S-1 Administration].

AIM: The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical outcomes of staging laparoscopy(SL)for patients with positive peritonealwashing cytology(CY1P0)after S-1 administration. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Since 2007, eight CY1P0 patients who underwent SL after S-1 administration were enrolled. S-1 was administered according to the ACTS-GC and SL was performed after 8 courses of S-1 treatment. RESULTS: SL was ended with adequate observation of intra-abdominalcavity in allthe patients with a median time of 68 minutes(range: 52-76 minutes). The timing of SL was after 8 courses of S-1 administration in 6 patients, after 11 courses in 1, and 12 courses in 1. Based on the SL results, CY0P0 was attained in 6 patients; CY1P0, in 1 and CY1P1, in 1. For the 6 patients who attained CY0P0, S-1 administration was completed. For the 2 patients who attained CY1P0 and CY1P1, chemotherapy was continued. Only 1 of the patients who attained CY0P0 had peritoneal recurrence 3 months after completion of S-1 administration. CONCLUSION: When CY0P0 is detected by using SL, S-1 administration may be completed. More cases need to be studied to determine the suitable courses or timing of S-1 administration for CY0P0 patients.

[Multidisciplinary Treatment for a Patient with Primary Malignant Melanoma Arising from the Stomach].

A 61-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with the complaint of severe dysphagia. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed an elevated tumor with an irregular surface located in the upper third of the stomach, and malignant melanoma was confirmed by biopsy specimens. Abdominal CT scan findings revealed that the tumor was invading the lateral segment of the liver and crus of the diaphragm. Total gastrectomy was combined with resection of the lateral segment of the liver and the crus of the diaphragm, and D2 lymphadenectomy and reconstruction by the Roux-en-Y method were carried out. Because of positive peritoneal washing cytology, monotherapy with dacarbazine, and combination therapy, including dacarbazine, nimustine hydrochloride, cisplatin, and tamoxifen citrate, were administered for treating the residual tumor. The patient died from peritoneal relapse 146 days after the initial surgery. Primary malignant melanoma arising from the stomach is reported as an extremely rare disease with a poor prognosis. In our case, multidisciplinary treatment including surgery and chemotherapy was insufficient to achieve long-term survival in a highly advanced malignant melanoma arising from the stomach.

[A case of early gastric cancer with multiple synchronous bone metastases treated complete response with S-1+CDDP].

We report a case of complete response (CR) following induction chemotherapy using S-1 for a patient with early gastric cancer accompanied by multiple synchronous bone metastases. An asymptomatic 70-year-old woman was diagnosed with early gastric cancer by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy during a periodic medical examination. An abdomino-pelvic computed tomography (CT) scan revealed no primary tumor in the stomach and the absence of lymph node or liver metastases. However, osteoplastic changes were detected in the lumbar vertebrae and the ilium. Multiple synchronous bone metastases from early gastric cancer were detected on magnetic resonance imaging, bone scintigraphy, and positron emission tomography- CT. After a regimen consisting of 15 courses of S-1 plus cisplatin (CDDP), and an additional 5 courses of S-1 were administered, clinical CR was confirmed for the bone metastases. Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with D1 lymphadenectomy was performed for treating the primary gastric cancer 33 months after the initiation of chemotherapy. Pathological CR was also achieved for the primary gastric cancer. Imaging analysis did not show disease progression 48 months after the initiation of chemotherapy. Synchronous bone metastases from early gastric cancer are extremely rare, and a good outcome was achieved in the present case through induction chemotherapy.

[Effectiveness of chemoradiotherapy for a patient with local recurrence of advanced gastric cancer followed by curable gastrectomy].

We report here the effectiveness of chemoradiotherapy for a patient with local recurrence followed by curable gastrectomy. A 57-year-old man presented with a history of total gastrectomy with distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy, D2 lymphadenectomy, and Roux-en-Y reconstruction for advanced gastric cancer arising from the cardia. Esophageal intramural metastasis and lymph node metastasis around the right recurrent nerve were detected by chest-abdominal computed tomography and gastrointestinal endoscopy 27 months after the initial gastrectomy. Stable disease was achieved following 7 courses of chemotherapy using S-1 plus CDDP. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy including administration of S-1 and radiation of total 50 Gy (2 Gy/25 Fr) was selected for local tumor control. The patient was not able to eat solid food because of esophageal stenosis from regrowth of intramural metastasis of the esophagus 60 months after the chemotherapy. A WallFlex™ Duodenal Stent was placed to improve the dysphagia 67 months after chemotherapy. The patient died from recurrence of gastric cancer 69 months after completion of the initial chemotherapy and 2 months after the stent insertion.

[How does we treat liver metastases from colorectal cancer by cure-intent surgery ?].

Surgery is the most optimal and curative intent strategy for liver recurrence from colorectal cancer. There are scoring systems and grade classification for liver resection. If we carry out preoperative imaging of liver metastases strictly following to liver resection, we can expect to get a cure state satisfactory. Early detection and repeated liver resection improve the outcome of residual liver recurrence after liver resection. The maximum number of liver metastases for cure intent liver resection is unclear. Further examination is necessary.

[A clinical case of lymph node recurrence after the resection of esophagogastric junction cancer treated by chemoradiation therapy].

A 52-year-old man who was diagnosed with esophagogastric junction cancer underwent left thoracolaparotomy and total gastrectomy. At 3 years and 11 months after the surgery, his carcinoembryonic antigen value was elevated, and cervical and right paraesophageal lymph node enlargement was detected by chest computed tomography(CT). Although lymph node dissection was performed, the presence of microscopic cancer-positive surgical stumps was confirmed. Since then, combination chemoradiotherapy using S-1 and radiation(60 Gy) has been applied. Currently, the patient is alive with no signs of lesion recurrence according to CT findings 8 years and 11 months after the initial surgery.

[Therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer with positive peritoneal lavage cytology without peritoneal dissemination].

We analyzed the prognosis of patients with positive lavage cytology, excluding other unresectable factors.From 2002 to 2008, 76 advanced gastric cancer patients positive for malignant cells(CY1)were investigated for our study.There were 60 patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery.Sixteen patients were treated by chemotherapy only. The MST of the chemotherapy group was 427 days, and that of the gastrectomy group was 442 days, although this was not statistically significant.The multimodality therapy group undergoing gastrectomy and chemotherapy consisted of 42 patients.The MST of this group was 647 days.In the multimodality therapy group, there were 28 patients undergoing chemotherapy using S-1.The MST of this group was relatively better(1, 249 days).CY1 appeared to be a worse prognostic factor, but P0CY1 survival was better than in P1. As a therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer with positive peritoneal lavage cytology, multimodality therapy with gastrectomy and chemotherapy using S-1 may be effective.

[Is it necessary to carry out hepatic resection and pulmonary resection to obtain a cure for liver and lung metastases from colorectal cancer ?].

If hepatic or pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer are resectable, we perform the operation, and the 5-year survival rate is 40-50%. Median survival time is over 20 months recently for systemic chemotherapy. However, surgical treatment is the only way to obtain a cure. RFA has the advantage of being minimally invasive. But the local recurrence rate is slightly high. It is important to detect a local recurrence early and perform repeated RFA. Repeated RFA improve the prognosis and get the same overall survival rate of liver resection. If both the hepatic and pulmonary metastases are resectable, we perform both resections, with a good surgical outcome. If we cannot perform a second metastasectomy after first metastasectomy, the prognosis is very poor compared to the prognosis for liver metastasis only or lung metastasis only. It is necessary to add many cases to decide the surgical indication for such cases of both liver and lung metastases.

[Surgery for colorectal cancer in elderly patients].

The number of surgeries for colorectal cancer in elderly patients is increasing in correspondence to Japan's aging society. It is important to evaluate the patient's condition in order to carry out operations safely. The Onodera index (Onodera index in order (PNI: prognostic nutritional index)=serum alb value × 10+the lymphocyte counts of peripheral blood) is a simple and useful tool for choosing the method of operation. In our experience, 75% of elderly patients had pre-operative complications. Respiratory and circulatory complications occurred more frequently after operations. Pre- and post-operative adequate management can help facilitate a safer operation. Even if a curative operation was carried out for an elderly patient, both the cancer-specific survival rate and the 5-year relative survival rate were good. If the operation is tolerable for the elderly patient, curative resection should be performed. Chemotherapy in elderly should be also evaluated by the patient's activities of daily living and the regimen of chemotherapy should be selected.

Aggressive undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma of the stomach involving long-term survival: A case report and literature review.

Primary gastric undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is a rare disease with insufficient long-term follow-up data. In the present study, a 70-year-old male complained of abdominal fullness and visited our hospital. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a large tumor in the upper part of the stomach, which was accompanied by smaller tumors in the small intestinal mesentery. An endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy examination of the gastric tumor revealed features of pleomorphic sarcoma and high-grade spindle-shaped cells. Total gastrectomy was performed on the primary tumor, together with combined resection of the small intestine for the metastatic tumors. However, the tumor recurred in the mesentery of the sigmoid colon 6 months after the operation. A second operation was performed to resect the recurrent tumor. Since the second surgical procedure, the patient has remained free from recurrence for >7 years. Although the prognosis of abdominal UPS was considered to be poor, even after curative surgery, the present case experienced a long-term survival of gastric UPS after undergoing surgical resection alone.

Case of complete mesh migration into the stomach after mesh hiatoplasty for a hiatal hernia.

Mesh migration is a rare complication of surgery for a hiatal hernia. Here, we present the case of a 72-year-old who complained of dysphasia and bodyweight loss. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed incarcerated mesh in the lumen of the esophagogastric junction. Surgery was performed under both endoscopy and laparoscopy, and the mesh was successfully removed via gastrostomy. To the best of our knowledge, our case is the first in which mesh that had migrated into the esophagogastric junction was removed by a combination of laparoscopic and endoscopic procedure, although the cases of 17 patients in which mesh migrated into the stomach after mesh hiatoplasty have previously been reported in the literature.

A Case of Laparoscopic Resection for Carcinoma of the Gastric Remnant following Proximal Gastrectomy Reconstructed with Jejunal Interposition.

A 72-year-old Japanese man had a history of proximal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer located in the upper third of the stomach in 2007. Our usual treatment strategy for early gastric cancer in the upper third of the stomach in 2007 was open proximal gastrectomy reconstructing by jejunal interposition with a 10 cm single loop. Upper gastrointestinal fiberscopy for annual follow-up revealed a type 0-IIc-shaped tumor with ulcer scar, 4.0 cm in size, located in the gastric remnant near the jejunogastrostomy. A clinical diagnosis of cancer of the gastric remnant, clinical T1b(SM)N0M0, Stage IA, following the proximal gastrectomy was made and a laparoscopic approach was selected because of the cancer's early stage. Remnant total gastrectomy with D1 plus lymphadenectomy was carried out with five ports by a pneumoperitoneal method. Complete resection of the reconstructed jejunum was undergone along with the jejunal mesentery. Reconstruction by the Roux-en-Y method via the antecolic route was selected. Total operative time was 395 min and blood loss was 40 mL. Our patient was the first successful case of resection for carcinoma of the gastric remnant following proximal gastrectomy reconstructed with jejunal interposition in a laparoscopic approach.

Totally laparoscopic gastrectomy for early gastric cancer accompanied by huge hiatal hernia: A case report.

We herein present a case in which we used a totally laparoscopic approach for early gastric cancer accompanied by a huge hiatal hernia. An 80-year-old Japanese woman was referred with a chief complaint of dysphagia. A clinical diagnosis of early gastric cancer, T1b (SM) N0M0, stage IA, accompanied by hiatal hernia, was made. Distal gastrectomy with D1 plus lymphadenectomy was carried out. After the gastrectomy, the hernial sac was excised and the hernial orifice was closed. Reconstruction using the Roux-en-Y method was selected. The postoperative course was uneventful and she was discharged on postoperative day 10.