Lacrimal drainage apparatus melanoma remotely following treatment and resolution of conjunctival melanoma.

Lacrimal drainage apparatus melanoma is a rare entity that may arise primarily or, more commonly, as secondary involvement from melanoma originating elsewhere. Conjunctival melanoma may involve the lacrimal drainage apparatus (LDA) via spread along the canalicular epithelium, separate in situ processes, or direct invasion. Only seven cases exist in the literature where conjunctival melanoma remotely recurred in the LDA. We report three additional patients, two with invasive conjunctival melanoma and one with primary acquired melanosis (PAM) with severe atypia/melanoma in situ, who developed LDA melanoma at 5, 8, and 16 years after initial treatment of conjunctival melanoma. This report confirms the ability of conjunctival melanoma to give rise to spatially and temporally remote LDA melanoma despite adequate local treatment, and reviews the proposed mechanisms and associated characteristics of LDA recurrence in conjunctival melanoma.

Ipsilateral supraorbital nerve transfer in a case of recalcitrant neurotrophic keratopathy with an intact ipsilateral frontal nerve: A novel surgical technique.

PURPOSE: To report a case of regained corneal sensation and function in a patient with neurotrophic keratopathy due to direct damage to the long ciliary nerves by performing a corneal neurotization procedure using ipsilateral supraorbital nerve. Surgical technique is described in detail as well as a review of the literature on corneal neurotization. OBSERVATIONS: A patient with devastating corneal anesthesia and poor visual acuity refractory to other treatments underwent a new surgical technique involving an ipsilateral supraorbital nerve transfer to the surrounding limbus to restore corneal sensation. At 8 months follow up, there was resolution of corneal stromal opacification documented with photographs and greatly improved corneal sensation by testing with a wisp of cotton in all 4 quadrants. Her visual acuity had improved, and at two years she was stable with even more improvement in visual acuity and ocular surface health. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPORTANCE: We present the first successful case of corneal neurotization with ipsilateral supraorbital nerve in a patient with corneal anesthesia from a local injury to the long ciliary nerves. Our case demonstrates that the described method of corneal neurotization is a viable option for patients with recalcitrant neurotrophic keratopathy and an intact ipsilateral frontal nerve.

Corrigendum to "Ipsilateral supraorbital nerve transfer in a case of recalcitrant neurotrophic keratopathy with an intact ipsilateral frontal nerve: A novel surgical technique" [Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 4 2016 14-17].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2016.07.001.].

Risk factors and biomarkers of age-related macular degeneration.

A biomarker can be a substance or structure measured in body parts, fluids or products that can affect or predict disease incidence. As age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world, much research and effort has been invested in the identification of different biomarkers to predict disease incidence, identify at risk individuals, elucidate causative pathophysiological etiologies, guide screening, monitoring and treatment parameters, and predict disease outcomes. To date, a host of genetic, environmental, proteomic, and cellular targets have been identified as both risk factors and potential biomarkers for AMD. Despite this, their use has been confined to research settings and has not yet crossed into the clinical arena. A greater understanding of these factors and their use as potential biomarkers for AMD can guide future research and clinical practice. This article will discuss known risk factors and novel, potential biomarkers of AMD in addition to their application in both academic and clinical settings.