Application of benchtop low-field NMR spectrometers in the refining industry: A multivariate calibration approach for rapid characterization of crude oils.

High-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has proven to be a valuable tool to analyze petroleum products but has never acquired widespread acceptance in routine work in oil refinery due to the high cost. The advent of compact, reliable, and affordable cryogen-free low-field benchtop NMR spectrometers suggest a possible role of such instrument for a variety of uses in refining spanning from routine lab work applications to online analysis. In this work, we report the development of a novel benchtop NMR application to estimate the API gravity, sulfur content, total acidity number (TAN), and distillation yields of crude petroleum from 60 MHz 1 H NMR spectra and partial least square (PLS) regression models. The results obtained on a dataset of over 170 crude oil samples and tested with external validation set show performances in terms of root mean square standard error of prediction (RMSEP) matching the analytical methods' ASTM precision. This novel benchtop NMR and multivariate analysis application can thus be used in typical refinery laboratories to provide within minutes and without physical distillation, reliable estimates of the most important properties usually measured on the crude petroleum during refining. The method proves to be a fast, cheaper alternative to the current analytical options providing readily available data for managing crude oil and has high potential to be further exploited for online application.

[Distribution of dental caries and its association with variables of social protection in children 12 years of age in the county of Avellaneda, Province of Buenos Aires]. / Distribución de caries dental y asociación con variables de protección social en niños de 12 años del partido de Avellaneda, provincia de Buenos Aires.

Different international organizations have indicated the need to analyze the conditions of each population in order to identify groups and individuals at risk as an operational strategy in pursuit of greater equity, efficacy and efficiency in the health system. The aim of this study was to identify differentials in the dental caries profiles of children attending public schools in the county of Avellaneda (Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina) and their association with variables of social protection. In 2014, an observational, analytical and cross-sectional study was performed with a sample of 656 students 12 years of age from 40 public schools in the 8 county districts (out of a total universe of 3580 individuals distributed in 70 schools). The dental status of 12-year-old schoolchildren living in the localities evaluated showed an unequal distribution; sub-groups with high caries prevalence, morbidity and severity were identified, requiring the targeting of health interventions. An association between untreated disease and lack of social protection was observed.

Distribución de caries dental y asociación con variables de protección social en niños de 12 años del partido de Avellaneda, provincia de Buenos Aires / Distribution of dental caries and its association with variables of social protection in children 12 years of age in the county of Avellaneda, Province of Buenos Aires

RESUMEN Diferentes organismos internacionales han planteado la necesidad de un análisis de las condiciones de cada población para la identificación de los grupos e individuos de riesgo como estrategia operacional en la búsqueda de una mayor equidad, eficacia y eficiencia del sistema de salud. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar diferenciales en los perfiles de caries dental en la población escolar del partido de Avellaneda (provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina) y su asociación con variables de protección social. En 2014, se realizó un estudio analítico observacional de corte transversal sobre una muestra de 656 escolares de 12 años de 40 escuelas públicas de los ocho distritos del partido (universo = 3580 individuos distribuidos en 70 escuelas). El estado dentario de los escolares de 12 años en las localidades evaluadas mostró una distribución desigual, se identificaron subconjuntos poblacionales con elevada prevalencia, morbilidad y severidad de caries, que requieren focalización de las intervenciones sanitarias. Se observó asociación entre enfermedad desatendida y carencia de protección social.

ABSTRACT Different international organizations have indicated the need to analyze the conditions of each population in order to identify groups and individuals at risk as an operational strategy in pursuit of greater equity, efficacy and efficiency in the health system. The aim of this study was to identify differentials in the dental caries profiles of children attending public schools in the county of Avellaneda (Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina) and their association with variables of social protection. In 2014, an observational, analytical and cross-sectional study was performed with a sample of 656 students 12 years of age from 40 public schools in the 8 county districts (out of a total universe of 3580 individuals distributed in 70 schools). The dental status of 12-year-old schoolchildren living in the localities evaluated showed an unequal distribution; sub-groups with high caries prevalence, morbidity and severity were identified, requiring the targeting of health interventions. An association between untreated disease and lack of social protection was observed.

Programa de salud bucal en escolares / Oral health program in schoolchildren

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un programa destinado a niños escolares considerados en riesgo social que se desarrolla en la ciudad de Avellaneda desde 1996. Utiliza medidas educativas, preventivas y restauradoras con el propósito de cambiar el perfil de la patología dominante. El componente educativo consiste en talleres participantes a cargo de un equipo interdisciplinario, y está dirigido a los alumnos de 1 a 7 grado del EGB (Educación General Básica). El componente asistencial incluye tratamientos preventivos, resolución de urgencias e infecciones prioritarias, extracciones y monitoreo. Como recurso físico se utiliza una Unidad Odontológica Móvil que se instala en la puerta de la escuela hasta lograr el 70 por ciento de las altas de los niños bajo programa. La población destinada del componente asistencial son alumnos de 1er grado de escuelas con escasa accesibilidad a los centros de salud. El modelo es incremental, manteniendo en control y atención los pacientes ya tratados e incorporan cada año los niños que ingresan a 1er grado