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1.
Hum Mol Genet ; 33(9): 818-834, 2024 Apr 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38641551

RESUMEN

Telomeres are nucleoprotein structures at the end of chromosomes that maintain their integrity. Mutations in genes coding for proteins involved in telomere protection and elongation produce diseases such as dyskeratosis congenita or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis known as telomeropathies. These diseases are characterized by premature telomere shortening, increased DNA damage and oxidative stress. Genetic diagnosis of telomeropathy patients has identified mutations in the genes TERT and TERC coding for telomerase components but the functional consequences of many of these mutations still have to be experimentally demonstrated. The activity of twelve TERT and five TERC mutants, five of them identified in Spanish patients, has been analyzed. TERT and TERC mutants were expressed in VA-13 human cells that express low telomerase levels and the activity induced was analyzed. The production of reactive oxygen species, DNA oxidation and TRF2 association at telomeres, DNA damage response and cell apoptosis were determined. Most mutations presented decreased telomerase activity, as compared to wild-type TERT and TERC. In addition, the expression of several TERT and TERC mutants induced oxidative stress, DNA oxidation, DNA damage, decreased recruitment of the shelterin component TRF2 to telomeres and increased apoptosis. These observations might indicate that the increase in DNA damage and oxidative stress observed in cells from telomeropathy patients is dependent on their TERT or TERC mutations. Therefore, analysis of the effect of TERT and TERC mutations of unknown function on DNA damage and oxidative stress could be of great utility to determine the possible pathogenicity of these variants.


Asunto(s)
Disqueratosis Congénita , Telomerasa , Humanos , Apoptosis/genética , ADN/metabolismo , Daño del ADN/genética , Disqueratosis Congénita/genética , Disqueratosis Congénita/metabolismo , Disqueratosis Congénita/patología , Mutación , Estrés Oxidativo/genética , ARN/genética , Telomerasa/genética , Telomerasa/metabolismo , Telómero/genética , Telómero/metabolismo
2.
Haematologica ; 108(10): 2652-2663, 2023 10 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37021532

RESUMEN

Clinical trials have shown that lentiviral-mediated gene therapy can ameliorate bone marrow failure (BMF) in nonconditioned Fanconi anemia (FA) patients resulting from the proliferative advantage of corrected FA hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). However, it is not yet known if gene therapy can revert affected molecular pathways in diseased HSPC. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed in chimeric populations of corrected and uncorrected HSPC co-existing in the BM of gene therapy-treated FA patients. Our study demonstrates that gene therapy reverts the transcriptional signature of FA HSPC, which then resemble the transcriptional program of healthy donor HSPC. This includes a down-regulated expression of TGF-ß and p21, typically up-regulated in FA HSPC, and upregulation of DNA damage response and telomere maintenance pathways. Our results show for the first time the potential of gene therapy to rescue defects in the HSPC transcriptional program from patients with inherited diseases; in this case, in FA characterized by BMF and cancer predisposition.


Asunto(s)
Anemia de Fanconi , Pancitopenia , Humanos , Anemia de Fanconi/genética , Anemia de Fanconi/terapia , Anemia de Fanconi/metabolismo , Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/metabolismo , Terapia Genética/métodos , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Arriba , Pancitopenia/metabolismo , Trastornos de Fallo de la Médula Ósea/metabolismo
3.
Lasers Med Sci ; 38(1): 206, 2023 Sep 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37682379

RESUMEN

Thermal deposition of laser energy in the vaginal epithelium in genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) results in clinical and biological effects, but many cellular and molecular changes indicating cell proliferation or senescence inhibition are unknown. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the fractional-pixel-CO2 laser in the possible improvement of GMS signs and symptoms that can be correlated with histological changes or with cellular or molecular indicators of restoration. A detailed prospective study was designed to assess 17 women diagnosed with GSM who were treated intravaginally with two laser sessions. Seven non-treated women diagnosed with GSM were used as controls. Three validated outcome questionnaires for assessment of quality of sexual life and urinary incontinence were performed. Vaginal biopsies were collected before the first laser treatment and 4 months following the second session. Histological status, elastin, collagen, and hyaluronic acid content of the biopsies were also evaluated. Cell proliferation was assessed by Ki67 staining. Telomere length (TL) was measured by qPCR. The results show an improvement of the clinical symptoms of GSM (p < 0.05), vaginal epithelium recovery and enhancement of collagen (p < 0.05), elastic fibers (p < 0.005), and hyaluronic acid (p < 0.0005) content in the lamina propria after fractional-pixel-CO2 laser treatment. The laser treatment induced a significant rise on the TL of vaginal epithelial cells (VECs), and a positive correlation was found between the improvements of the collagen and hyaluronic acid content and TL changes (r = 0.82, p < 0.05; r = 0.38, p < 0.05). The percentage of proliferative Ki67-positive VECs was increased in patients whose vaginal TL lengthened after laser treatment (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the results indicate that laser treatment may induce restoration of the vaginal epithelium which is associated to increased TL and proliferation in the VECs. Performing a TL assay could be a suitable tool to evaluate the efficacy of vaginal laser treatment.


Asunto(s)
Dióxido de Carbono , Ácido Hialurónico , Humanos , Femenino , Antígeno Ki-67/genética , Estudios Prospectivos , Telómero/genética
4.
FASEB J ; 35(3): e21422, 2021 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33638895

RESUMEN

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a lethal lung fibrotic disease, associated with aging with a mean survival of 2-5 years and no curative treatment. The GSE4 peptide is able to rescue cells from senescence, DNA and oxidative damage, inflammation, and induces telomerase activity. Here, we investigated the protective effect of GSE4 expression in vitro in rat alveolar epithelial cells (AECs), and in vivo in a bleomycin model of lung fibrosis. Bleomycin-injured rat AECs, expressing GSE4 or treated with GSE4-PLGA/PEI nanoparticles showed an increase of telomerase activity, decreased DNA damage, and decreased expression of IL6 and cleaved-caspase 3. In addition, these cells showed an inhibition in expression of fibrotic markers induced by TGF-ß such as collagen-I and III among others. Furthermore, treatment with GSE4-PLGA/PEI nanoparticles in a rat model of bleomycin-induced fibrosis, increased telomerase activity and decreased DNA damage in proSP-C cells. Both in preventive and therapeutic protocols GSE4-PLGA/PEI nanoparticles prevented and attenuated lung damage monitored by SPECT-CT and inhibited collagen deposition. Lungs of rats treated with bleomycin and GSE4-PLGA/PEI nanoparticles showed reduced expression of α-SMA and pro-inflammatory cytokines, increased number of pro-SPC-multicellular structures and increased DNA synthesis in proSP-C cells, indicating therapeutic efficacy of GSE4-nanoparticles in experimental lung fibrosis and a possible curative treatment for lung fibrotic patients.


Asunto(s)
Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Bleomicina/farmacología , Daño del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Nanopartículas/uso terapéutico , Células Epiteliales Alveolares/efectos de los fármacos , Células Epiteliales Alveolares/metabolismo , Colágeno/efectos de los fármacos , Colágeno/metabolismo , Humanos , Pulmón/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Péptidos/farmacología
5.
Immun Ageing ; 19(1): 38, 2022 Aug 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35996190

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Age and comorbidity are the main determinants of COVID-19 outcome. Shorter leukocyte telomere length (TL), a hallmark of biological aging, has been associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes. We sought to determine TL in patients with severe COVID-19 requiring hospitalization to analyze whether clinical outcomes and post-COVID-19 manifestations are associated with shorter TL. RESULTS: We analyzed 251 patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19, hospitalized in the first months of the pandemics. We determined TL in PBL at admission by quantitative-PCR (qPCR) analysis in patients. A healthy cohort from the same area with a similar age range (n = 169) was used to calculate TL Z-scores. After hospital discharge, 144 COVID-19 survivors were followed-up for persistent COVID-19 manifestations. A second TL determination was performed in a smaller group of 63 patients 1 year later and compared with baseline TL. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients had a decreased baseline age-adjusted TL Z-score compared to the reference group. No differences in Z-scores were observed in patients with different COVID-19 outcomes, classified as WHO ordinal scores. In 144 patients, followed for a median of 8 months, post-COVID manifestations were not associated to differences in TL. Persistence of lung radiographic abnormalities was associated with shorter baseline TL. In patients with a second TL determination, further telomere shortening (TS) was observed in 35% and telomere lengthening in 49%. Patients with further TS had suffered a more severe disease. CONCLUSION: Shorter TL is associated with COVID-19 hospitalization but not with hospital clinical outcomes nor with persistent post-COVID-19 manifestations. Delayed resolution of radiographic lung abnormalities was also associated with shorter TL.

6.
Immun Ageing ; 19(1): 7, 2022 Jan 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35086525

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: To investigate the role of cell senescence in systemic sclerosis (SSc), we analyzed telomere shortening (TS) in SSc patients and the effect of targeting DNA damage in the bleomycin model of skin fibrosis. RESULTS: Telomere length (TL) in blood leukocytes of 174 SSc patients and 68 healthy controls was measured by Southern blot, and we found shorter age-standardized TL in SSc patients compared to healthy controls. TL was shorter in SSc patients with ILD compared to those without ILD and in anti-topoisomerase I positive compared to anti-centromere positive patients. To analyze the potential role of DNA damage in skin fibrosis, we evaluated the effects of the DNA protective GSE4 peptide in the bleomycin mouse model of scleroderma and the fibrotic response of cultured human dermal fibroblasts. Administration of GSE4-nanoparticles attenuated bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis as measured by Masson's staining of collagen and reduced Acta2 and Ctgf mRNA expression, whereas transduction of dermal fibroblasts with a lentiviral GSE4 expression vector reduced COL1A1, ACTA2 and CTGF gene expression after stimulation with bleomycin or TGF-ß, in parallel to a reduction of the phospho-histone H2A.X marker of DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS: SSc is associated with TS, particularly in patients with lung disease or anti-topoisomerase I antibodies. Administration of GSE4 peptide attenuated experimental skin fibrosis and reduced fibroblast expression of profibrotic factors, supporting a role for oxidative DNA damage in scleroderma.

7.
Hum Mol Genet ; 26(10): 1900-1914, 2017 05 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28369633

RESUMEN

NHEJ1-patients develop severe progressive lymphocytopenia and premature aging of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) at a young age. Here we show a patient with a homozygous-NHEJ1 mutation identified by whole exome-sequencing that developed severe pancytopenia and bone marrow aplasia correlating with the presence of short telomeres. The mutation resulted in a truncated protein. In an attempt to identify the mechanism behind the short telomere phenotype found in the NHEJ1-patient we downregulated NHEJ1 expression in 293T and CD34+cells. This downregulation resulted in reduced telomerase activity and decreased expression of several telomerase/shelterin genes. Interestingly, cell lines derived from two other NHEJ1-deficient patients with different mutations also showed increased p21 expression, inhibition in expression of several telomerase complex genes and shortened telomeres. Decrease in expression of telomerase/shelterin genes did not occur when we inhibited expression of other NHEJ genes mutated in SCID patients: DNA-PK, Artemis or LigaseIV. Because premature aging of HSCs is observed only in NHEJ1 patients, we propose that is the result of senescence induced by decreased expression of telomerase/shelterin genes that lead to an inhibition of telomerase activity. Previous reports failed to find this connection because of the use of patient´s cells immortalized by TERT expression or recombined telomeres by ALT pathway. In summary, defective regulation of telomere biology together with defective V(D)J recombination can negatively impact on the evolution of the disease in these patients. Identification of telomere shortening is important since it may open new therapeutic interventions for these patients by treatments aimed to recover the expression of telomerase genes.


Asunto(s)
Enzimas Reparadoras del ADN/genética , Enzimas Reparadoras del ADN/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Telomerasa/genética , Línea Celular , Niño , Enzimas Reparadoras del ADN/sangre , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/sangre , Regulación hacia Abajo , Expresión Génica , Humanos , Masculino , Mutación/genética , Telómero/genética , Telómero/metabolismo , Homeostasis del Telómero , Acortamiento del Telómero/genética
8.
Angiogenesis ; 22(1): 95-102, 2019 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30168024

RESUMEN

Vascular complications such as bleeding due to gastrointestinal telangiectatic anomalies, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, hepatopulmonary syndrome, and retinal vessel abnormalities are being reported in patients with telomere biology disorders (TBDs) more frequently than previously described. The international clinical care consortium of telomere-associated ailments and family support group Dyskeratosis Congenita Outreach, Inc. held a workshop on vascular abnormalities in the TBDs at the National Cancer Institute in October 2017. Clinicians and basic scientists reviewed current data on vascular complications, hypotheses for the underlying biology and developed new collaborations to address the etiology and clinical management of vascular complications in TBDs.


Asunto(s)
Fístula Arteriovenosa , Arteria Pulmonar/anomalías , Venas Pulmonares/anomalías , Telangiectasia , Telómero , Animales , Fístula Arteriovenosa/genética , Fístula Arteriovenosa/metabolismo , Fístula Arteriovenosa/patología , Educación , Humanos , Arteria Pulmonar/metabolismo , Arteria Pulmonar/patología , Venas Pulmonares/metabolismo , Venas Pulmonares/patología , Telangiectasia/genética , Telangiectasia/metabolismo , Telangiectasia/patología , Telómero/genética , Telómero/metabolismo , Telómero/patología
9.
Int J Mol Sci ; 20(8)2019 Apr 25.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31027181

RESUMEN

DUSP6/MKP3 is a dual-specific phosphatase that regulates extracellular regulated kinase ERK1/2 and ERK5 activity, with an increasingly recognized role as tumor suppressor. In silico studies from Gene expression Omnibus (GEO) and Cancer Genome atlas (TCGA) databases reveal poor prognosis in those Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with low expression levels of DUSP6. In agreement with these data, here we show that DUSP6 plays a major role in the regulation of cell migration, motility and tumor growth. We have found upregulation in the expression of several genes involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in NSCLC-DUSP6 depleted cells. Data obtained in RNA-seq studies carried out in DUSP6 depleted cells identified EGFR, TGF-ß and WNT signaling pathways and several genes such as VAV3, RUNXR2, LEF1, FGFR2 whose expression is upregulated in these cells and therefore affecting cellular functions such as integrin mediated cell adhesion, focal adhesion and motility. Furthermore, EGF signaling pathway is activated via ERK5 and not ERK1/2 and TGF-ß via SMAD2/3 in DUSP6 depleted cells. In summary DUSP6 is a tumor suppressor in NSCLC and re-establishment of its expression may be a potential strategy to revert poor outcome in NSCLC patients.


Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/enzimología , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/genética , Fosfatasa 6 de Especificidad Dual/genética , Genes Supresores de Tumor , Neoplasias Pulmonares/enzimología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Citoesqueleto de Actina/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/enzimología , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/patología , Uniones Adherentes/metabolismo , Animales , Carcinogénesis/genética , Carcinogénesis/patología , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Adhesión Celular/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/genética , Forma de la Célula/genética , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Fosfatasa 6 de Especificidad Dual/metabolismo , Adhesiones Focales/metabolismo , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas , Ratones Desnudos , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/metabolismo
10.
J Infect Dis ; 218(10): 1531-1540, 2018 10 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29912427

RESUMEN

Background: Tenofovir is a potent inhibitor of human telomerase. The clinical relevance of this inhibition is unknown. Methods: A prospective cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected participants with suppressed virological replication was recruited to compare whole-blood telomere length (measured by quantitative multiplex polymerase chain reaction analysis) in participants with current exposure to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) to that in participants never exposed to TDF. Results: A total of 172 participants were included: 67 were in the TDF group, and 105 were in the non-TDF group (75 were receiving 2 nucleosides [of whom 69 were receiving abacavir], 25 were receiving a nucleos[t]ide reverse transcriptase inhibitor [N{t}RTI]-sparing regimen, and 5 were receiving lamivudine as the only nucleoside). After 2 years, the mean blood telomere length increased significantly in the whole cohort. The TDF group had significantly smaller gains in telomere length than the non-TDF group. In the analysis restricted to participants receiving N(t)RTIs, TDF exposure was not associated with an independent negative effect. In the non-TDF group, participants treated with 2 nucleosides also had significantly smaller gains in telomere length than those receiving N(t)RTI-sparing regimens or lamivudine as the only nucleoside. Discussion: In HIV-infected adults with prolonged virological suppression, treatment with TDF or abacavir was associated with smaller gains in blood telomere length after 2 years of follow-up.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH , Inhibidores de la Transcriptasa Inversa , Telómero/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto , Didesoxinucleósidos/farmacología , Didesoxinucleósidos/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por VIH/genética , Infecciones por VIH/virología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , ARN Viral/sangre , Inhibidores de la Transcriptasa Inversa/farmacología , Inhibidores de la Transcriptasa Inversa/uso terapéutico , Telomerasa , Tenofovir/farmacología , Tenofovir/uso terapéutico , Carga Viral
11.
Commun Biol ; 7(1): 353, 2024 Mar 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38519773

RESUMEN

Cisplatin-based chemotherapy has associated clinical disadvantages, such as high toxicity and resistance. Thus, the development of new antitumor metallodrugs able to overcome different clinical barriers is a public healthcare priority. Here, we studied the mechanism of action of the isomers trans and cis-[PtI2(isopropylamine)2] (I5 and I6, respectively) against gastrointestinal cancer cells. We demonstrate that I5 and I6 modulate mitochondrial metabolism, decreasing OXPHOS activity and negatively affecting ATP-linked oxygen consumption rate. Consequently, I5 and I6 generated Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), provoking oxidative damage and eventually the induction of senescence. Thus, herein we propose a loop with three interconnected processes modulated by these iodido agents: (i) mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic disruptions; (ii) ROS generation and oxidative damage; and (iii) cellular senescence. Functionally, I5 reduces cancer cell clonogenicity and tumor growth in a pancreatic xenograft model without systemic toxicity, highlighting a potential anticancer complex that warrants additional pre-clinical studies.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Gastrointestinales , Platino (Metal) , Humanos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Cisplatino/farmacología , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Neoplasias Gastrointestinales/metabolismo
12.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 15007, 2024 07 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38951654

RESUMEN

Salivary gland squamous cell carcinomas (SG-SCCs) constitute a rare type of head and neck cancer which is linked to poor prognosis. Due to their low frequency, the molecular mechanisms responsible for their aggressiveness are poorly understood. In this work we studied the role of the phosphatase DUSP1, a negative regulator of MAPK activity, in controlling SG-SCC progression. We generated DUSP1 KO clones in A253 human cells. These clones showed a reduced ability to grow in 2D, self-renew in ECM matrices and to form tumors in immunodeficient mice. This was caused by an overactivation of the stress and apoptosis kinase JNK1/2 in DUSP1-/+ clones. Interestingly, RNAseq analysis revealed that the expression of SOX2, a well-known self-renewal gene was decreased at the mRNA and protein levels in DUSP1-/+ cells. Unexpectedly, CRISPR-KO of SOX2 did not recapitulate DUSP1-/+ phenotype, and SOX2-null cells had an enhanced ability to self-renew and to form tumors in mice. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that SOX2-null cells have a decreased squamous differentiation profile -losing TP63 expression- and an increased migratory phenotype, with an enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal transition signature. In summary, our data indicates that DUSP1 and SOX2 have opposite functions in SG-SCC, being DUSP1 necessary for tumor growth and SOX2 dispensable showing a tumor suppressor function. Our data suggest that the combined expression of SOX2 and DUSP1 could be a useful biomarker to predict progression in patients with SG-SCCs.


Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Fosfatasa 1 de Especificidad Dual , Factores de Transcripción SOXB1 , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales , Fosfatasa 1 de Especificidad Dual/metabolismo , Fosfatasa 1 de Especificidad Dual/genética , Humanos , Factores de Transcripción SOXB1/genética , Factores de Transcripción SOXB1/metabolismo , Animales , Ratones , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales/genética , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales/patología , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Proliferación Celular/genética
13.
Differentiation ; 81(3): 199-207, 2011 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21300429

RESUMEN

Dual-specificity protein phosphatases participate in signal transduction pathways inactivating mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases). These signaling pathways are of critical importance in the regulation of numerous biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation and development. The social ameba Dictyostelium discoideum harbors 14 genes coding for proteins containing regions very similar to the dual-specificity protein phosphatase domain. One of these genes, mkpB, additionally codes for a region similar to the Rhodanase domain, characteristic of animal MAP kinase-phosphatases, in its N-terminal region. Cells that over-express this gene show increased protein phosphatase activity. mkpB is expressed in D. discoideum ameba at growth but it is greatly induced at 12h of multicellular development. Although it is expressed in all the cells of developmental structures, mkpB mRNA is enriched in cells with a distribution typical of anterior-like cells. Cells that express a catalytically inactive mutant of MkpB grow and aggregate like wild-type cells but show a greatly impaired post-aggregative development. In addition, the expression of cell-type specific genes is very delayed, indicating that this protein plays an important role in cell differentiation and development. Cells expressing the MkpB catalytically inactive mutant show increased sensitivity to cisplatin, while cells over-expressing wild type MkpB, or MkpA, proteins or mutated in the MAP kinase erkB gene are more resistant to this chemotherapeutic drug, as also shown in human tumor cells.


Asunto(s)
Cisplatino/farmacología , Dictyostelium/efectos de los fármacos , Dictyostelium/enzimología , Dictyostelium/fisiología , Fosfatasas de Especificidad Dual/metabolismo , Fosfatasas de la Proteína Quinasa Activada por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Proteínas Protozoarias/metabolismo , Animales , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Dictyostelium/genética , Fosfatasas de Especificidad Dual/clasificación , Fosfatasas de Especificidad Dual/genética , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Fosfatasas de la Proteína Quinasa Activada por Mitógenos/genética , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos/genética , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Filogenia , Proteínas Protozoarias/clasificación , Proteínas Protozoarias/genética , Transducción de Señal/fisiología
14.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl ; 51(42): 10556-60, 2012 Oct 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22996839

RESUMEN

Learning to let go with age: Intracellular controlled release of molecules within senescent cells was achieved using mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) capped with a galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) to contain the cargo molecules (magenta spheres; see scheme). The GOS is a substrate of the senescent biomarker, senescence-associated ß-galactosidase (SA-ß-gal), and releases the cargo upon entry into SA-ß-gal expressing cells.


Asunto(s)
Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos/métodos , Nanopartículas/química , Dióxido de Silicio/química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Senescencia Celular , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos/instrumentación , Colorantes Fluorescentes/administración & dosificación , Colorantes Fluorescentes/química , Humanos , Porosidad , Rodaminas/administración & dosificación , Rodaminas/química , beta-Galactosidasa/química , beta-Galactosidasa/metabolismo
15.
Pharmaceutics ; 14(6)2022 May 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35745716

RESUMEN

Lung cancer is one of the main causes of death in developed countries, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most frequent type (80% of patients). In advanced NSCLC, platinum-based chemotherapy is the frontline palliative treatment, but less than 5% of patients achieve prolonged survival. Immunotherapy has recently been proposed as the standard of care (SoC) as either monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC. The levels of expression of PD-L1 are the only predictive biomarkers for patient assessment. Although around 30% of patients receiving immunotherapy achieve 5-year survival, a significant number does not benefit from this novel therapeutic approach. Therefore, there is a need for novel strategies to improve clinical outcomes. The expression level of choline kinase α (ChoKα) is increased in a large number of human tumors, including NSCLC tumors, and constitutes an independent prognostic factor for early-stage NSCLC patients. Thus, ChoKα has been postulated as a new target drug in cancer therapy. The combination of cisplatin with novel targeted drugs such as choline kinase inhibitors may improve both the survival rates and the quality of life of NSCLC patients and may serve as the basis for the development of new therapeutic approaches. To that aim, we developed several in vitro and in vivo approaches to assess the antitumor activity of a novel combination regimen using cisplatin and ChoKα inhibitors. Our results suggest that a proper combination of specific inhibitors of the NSCLC prognostic factor ChoKα and platinum-based conventional chemotherapy might constitute a new, efficient treatment approach for NSCLC patients. This novel approach may help reduce the toxicity profile associated with cisplatin since, despite the advances in NSCLC management in recent years, the overall 5-year survival rate is still poor.

16.
Front Med (Lausanne) ; 9: 871898, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35646972

RESUMEN

Cross-analysis of clinical and pollution factors could help calculate the risk of fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD) development and progression. The intent of this study is to build a body of knowledge around early detection and diagnosis of lung disease, harnessing new data sets generated for other purposes. We cross-referenced exposure levels to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) with telomere length of a cohort of 280 patients with fibrotic ILD to weigh impact and associations. There was no linear correlation between PM2.5 and telomere length in our data sets, as the value of the correlation coefficient was 0.08. This exploratory study offers additional insights into methodologies for investigating the development and prognosis of pulmonary fibrosis.

17.
Cells ; 11(3)2022 02 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35159320

RESUMEN

Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in women, the third in men, and an important cause of cancer-related mortality. Recurrence and the development of chemotherapy resistance are major hindrances for patients' treatment. The presence of cancer stem cells with chemotherapy resistance able to generate proliferating tumor cells contributes to tumor recurrence and resistance. In addition, tumor cells can develop chemoresistance through adaptation mechanisms. In this article, cancer stem cells were isolated from HT29 and SW620 colorectal cancer cell lines. Oxaliplatin resistance was induced by a single drug treatment simulating the usual guidelines of patient treatment. A comparison of these two populations showed similarities since cancer stem cells presented increased oxaliplatin resistance, and resistant cells contained an increased number of cancer stem cells. Cancer stem cells isolated from resistant cells showed increased oxaliplatin resistance. Cell invasion capacity and epithelial-mesenchymal transition were increased both in cancer stem cells and oxaliplatin-resistant cells. mRNA expression analysis showed that both cell types shared a significant proportion of commonly regulated genes. In summary, the data presented indicate that colorectal cancer stem cells and oxaliplatin-resistant cells are highly related cell populations that might have interesting implications in the development of tumor recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Colorrectales , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Células Madre Neoplásicas/patología , Oxaliplatino/farmacología , Oxaliplatino/uso terapéutico
18.
J Proteome Res ; 10(1): 101-4, 2011 Jan 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20977278

RESUMEN

Matching the right medical strategy to the right patient is the key for modern clinical oncology. To this aim, we have many delicate drugs designed to target in elegant ways critical proteins identified in cancer cells. However, clinical oncologists and multidisciplinary groups devoted to treating patients in an integrative fashion have histology and an TNM staging system as the most relevant biomarkers to decide therapeutic approaches for our patients. In addition, the most used drugs are classical chemotherapeutic compounds such as cisplatin, epirrubicin, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and so on. Thus, new targeted therapies, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy will live together causing a duality for the immediate future. We will try to delineate unmet needs for clinical oncologists that would add value for cancer proteomics in terms of true patients.


Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores , Técnicas y Procedimientos Diagnósticos , Descubrimiento de Drogas/métodos , Medicina de Precisión/métodos , Proteómica/métodos , Humanos , Neoplasias
19.
Front Immunol ; 12: 660065, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34234775

RESUMEN

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in the recognition of pathogen-derived components as a first line of defense against infections. It has been suggested that depending on the nature of the pathogens, TLRs activation induce a distinct cytokine profile that may contribute to the polarization of the acquired immune response. Here, we investigated the early MAPK signaling activation via TLR4 and TLR2 receptors and its impact in differential cytokine profile by macrophages. We found that TLR2 ligands activated MAPKs p38 and ERK earlier compared to the TLR4 ligand LPS in macrophages. Higher IL-10/IL-12 and IL-10/TNF-α ratios were also observed at later time points in response to TLR2 ligands compared to LPS. The results also indicate an earlier activation of the phosphatase MKP-1 and that MKP-1 KO macrophages show a prolongation in p38 phosphorylation in response to TLR2 stimulation. Furthermore, p38 is critical for IL-10 expression in response to TLR2 ligands, which triggers the macrophage change to a M2 and regulatory phenotype in contrast to the M1 phenotype induced by TLR4 activation. Therefore, the early TLR2-mediated p38 induction contributes for the high IL-10 production, likely as a virulence strategy to suppress host Th1 response against certain types of pathogens.


Asunto(s)
Fosfatasa 1 de Especificidad Dual/inmunología , Interleucina-10/inmunología , Macrófagos/inmunología , Receptor Toll-Like 2/inmunología , Proteínas Quinasas p38 Activadas por Mitógenos/inmunología , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/inmunología , Citocinas/metabolismo , Diglicéridos/farmacología , Fosfatasa 1 de Especificidad Dual/genética , Fosfatasa 1 de Especificidad Dual/metabolismo , Activación Enzimática/inmunología , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Expresión Génica/inmunología , Interleucina-10/genética , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Lipopéptidos/farmacología , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Oligopéptidos/farmacología , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , Células RAW 264.7 , Receptor Toll-Like 2/genética , Receptor Toll-Like 2/metabolismo , Receptor Toll-Like 4/genética , Receptor Toll-Like 4/inmunología , Receptor Toll-Like 4/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinasas p38 Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo
20.
Int J Hematol ; 114(1): 116-123, 2021 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33772729

RESUMEN

Severe aplastic anemia and congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia are rare bone marrow failure syndromes. Treatment for aplastic anemia consists of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from a matched sibling donor or immunosuppressant drugs if there is no donor available. Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia is a rare autosomal recessive disease that causes bone marrow failure and has limited treatment options, except for transfusion support and HSCT. In the absence of a suitable matched sibling donor, matched-unrelated, haploidentical, or mismatched donors may be considered. A 2-step partial T-cell-depletion strategy can remove CD45RA+ naïve T cells responsible for graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) while preserving memory T cells. Five patients underwent transplantation using this strategy with rapid neutrophil and platelet recovery. Acute and chronic GvHD ≥ grade 2 appeared in two and one patient, respectively. No severe infections were observed before day + 100. A high (60%) incidence of transplant-associated microangiopathy was observed. Three patients (60%) remain alive, with a median follow-up of 881 (range 323-1248) days. CD45RA-depleted HSCT is a novel approach for patients lacking a suitable matched donor; however, further improvements are needed.


Asunto(s)
Antígenos HLA/inmunología , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/métodos , Antígenos Comunes de Leucocito/inmunología , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Adolescente , Anemia Aplásica/terapia , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/etiología , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/inmunología , Humanos , Reconstitución Inmune , Depleción Linfocítica , Masculino , Acondicionamiento Pretrasplante/métodos
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