Comparison and interpretability of the available urticaria activity scores.

The urticaria activity score (UAS) is the gold standard for assessing disease activity in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). Two different versions, the UAS7 and UAS7TD , are currently used in clinical trials and routine care. To compare both versions and to obtain data on their interpretability, 130 CSU patients applied both versions and globally rated their disease activity as none, mild, moderate, or severe. UAS7 and UAS7TD values correlated strongly (r = .90, P < .001). Interquartile ranges for UAS7 and UAS7TD values for mild, moderate, and severe CSU were 11-20 and 10-24, 16-30 and 16-32, and 27-37 and 28-40. UAS7 values were slightly, but significantly lower as compared to UAS7TD values (mean difference: 1.6 ± 4.6, P < .001). This difference was driven by lower wheal subscores (2.1 ± 3.5, P < .001) and was most pronounced in patients with severe CSU (2.5 ± 5.6, P < .01). The UAS7/UAS7TD ratio was 0.96 ± 0.21 and did not differ significantly between mild, moderate, and severe CSU. Since the results of both UAS versions are comparable, we recommend the use of the UAS7, which is less burdensome in administration and scoring.

A Popular myth - low-histamine diet improves chronic spontaneous urticaria - fact or fiction?

BACKGROUND: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CsU) is a frequent dermatological disease that might last for months or years with high impact on quality of life. Known causes are autoreactive phenomena, infections or intolerances, rarely IgE-mediated allergies. One-third of CsU patients benefit from a low-pseudoallergen diet. Additionally, it is often discussed, that reducing histamine ingestion alone might improve clinical symptoms and quality of life in CsU patients despite the uncertain role of the histamine-degrading enzyme diamine oxidase (DAO). OBJECTIVE: Aim of this study was to investigate the impact of low-histamine diet on symptoms and quality of life in patients with CsU. METHODS: Patients suffering from CsU accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms were included in the study. They underwent low-histamine diet for at least 3 weeks. During the whole study, urticaria activity score (UAS) was recorded daily in a patient's diary. Quality of life was assessed during screening, baseline and post diet visits by completing questionnaires (DLQI and Cu-Q(2)oL). DAO activity was measured before and after elimination diet. RESULTS: A total of 75% of the patients had a benefit from the low-histamine diet. Thirty-four of 56 patients (61%) reached the primary endpoint of the study, an improvement of UAS 4 of ≥3. Overall, a significant reduction from 9.05 to 4.23 points (P = 0.004) was achieved; the average reduction in a strongly affected subgroup was 8.59 points (P < 0.001). DAO activity remained stable. CONCLUSION: Low-histamine diet is a therapeutically useful, simple and cost-free tool to decrease symptoms and increase quality of life in CsU patients with gastrointestinal involvement. Further research is needed to understand the role of diamine oxidase.

The Angioedema Quality of Life Questionnaire (AE-QoL) - assessment of sensitivity to change and minimal clinically important difference.

BACKGROUND: The Angioedema Quality of Life Questionnaire (AE-QoL) has recently been developed and validated as the first specific patient-reported outcome tool to assess quality of life (QoL) impairment in recurrent angioedema patients. As of yet, its sensitivity to change and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) have not been established. METHODS: Recurrent angioedema patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria or hereditary angioedema were repeatedly asked to complete the AE-QoL along with the SF-12 and other anchors for QoL impairment and disease activity during routine care visits. The sensitivity to change of AE-QoL was determined by correlating changes in its scores over time with changes in the applied anchors. In addition, the MCID was determined using anchor-based and distributional criterion-based approaches. RESULTS: Two hundred and seventy-eight patients contributed data sets for analysis. Baseline AE-QoL values were found to correlate well with SF-12 results as well as all other applied anchors for angioedema-related QoL impairment and disease activity. In addition, AE-QoL score changes over time correlated significantly with changes in the above anchors, thus demonstrating its sensitivity to change. The MCID of the AE-QoL total score was found to be six points. CONCLUSION: The AE-QoL is a valuable tool to assess changes of QoL impairment in recurrent angioedema patients over time, including changes due to treatment.

Development and validation of the mastocytosis quality of life questionnaire: MC-QoL.

BACKGROUND: Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous disease characterized by a clonal expansion of mast cells in various organs. The vast majority of patients affected suffer from signs and symptoms caused by mediator release from mast cells. Although the disease burden is high, there is currently no specific instrument to measure health-related quality of life (HRQoL) impairment in patients with mastocytosis. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a disease-specific tool to assess HRQoL impairment in patients with cutaneous and indolent systemic mastocytosis, the Mastocytosis Quality of Life Questionnaire (MC-QoL). METHODS: Sixty-two potential MC-QoL items were developed in a combined approach consisting of semi-structured patient interviews, expert input and literature research. Item selection was performed by impact analysis with 76 patients and a final review for face validity. The resulting MC-QoL was tested for validity, reliability and influence factors. In parallel, an US American-English version of the MC-QoL was developed. RESULTS: A total of 158 patients (41 CM, 41 MIS and 76 ISM) took part in the MC-QoL validation study. The final 27-item questionnaire was found to have a four-domain structure ('symptoms', 'emotions', 'social life/functioning' and 'skin'), a valid total score and an excellent test-retest reliability. Multiple regression analysis revealed disease duration, but not age, gender or skin involvement to be a significant determinant of HRQoL impairment in mastocytosis. CONCLUSIONS: The MC-QoL is the first disease-specific HRQoL questionnaire for adult patients with cutaneous and indolent systemic mastocytosis. This short, validated and reliable instrument will serve as a valuable tool in future clinical studies and in routine patient care.

[New developments in extemporaneous formulations]. / Neue Entwicklungen der Magistralrezepturen.

Dermatology is in a state of flux, and systemic therapies have changed the prescription practice in the past few years. Nevertheless, topical therapy for dermatological illnesses is still the mainstay of dermatologists. Pharmaceutically manufactured drugs have a wide spectrum and allow for variability. Additionally, there are therapeutic niches that can be bridged by prescribing extemporaneous formulations. This is also true for the newly established basic therapies for many chronic dermatological illnesses which have become essential and are needed in large amounts. Unfortunately, neither during medical school, nor during residency training, not even the basic knowledge or the complexity of these extemporaneous formulations for topical therapy in dermatology is taught. This emphasizes why standardized, proven extemporaneous formulations are vital for physicians to achieve optimal and goal-oriented therapy for their patients. Sensible and effective prescriptions enhance the quality of formulations and the maintenance and well-being of our patients.

Long-term survival with modern therapeutic agents against metastatic melanoma-vemurafenib and ipilimumab in a daily life setting.

Despite new therapeutic options, metastatic melanoma remains to be one of the most fatal tumors. With the development of BRAF inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors, overall survival could be prolonged significantly for the first time. Clinical studies implied that even long-term survival is possible with both types of drugs, but predictive markers are so far missing. In this study, we analyzed survival data from patients that received the first-in-class substances vemurafenib and ipilimumab, respectively, during the time period from registration of the drugs until availability of combination treatments. We aimed to evaluate the possibility of long-term survival in a daily life setting and to characterize patients that benefit from these drugs in order to gain insight into predictive attributes. Eighty patients were evaluated who were treated with either vemurafenib (n = 40) or ipilimumab (n = 40), and overall survival was analyzed. Subgroup analysis was performed for patients who were still alive 24 months after induction of therapy (long-term survival). Median overall survival (OS) was 8.0 months for patients treated with vemurafenib and 10.0 months for patients treated with ipilimumab (log-rank P value = 0.689). Long-term survival was achieved in 32.5% of patients (42.3% vemurafenib, 57.7% ipilimumab). Negative predictors of long-term survival in the vemurafenib group were brain and liver metastases, as well as elevated LDH, S100ß and liver enzymes. For ipilimumab, an increase in lymphocytes and eosinophils during course of treatment correlated with long-term survival. Our real-life experience shows that long-term survival is possible with using both therapeutic agents, vemurafenib and ipilimumab. Pattern of metastases and laboratory values might be of interest in decision making for a specific therapeutic approach. Combination of drugs and observational studies in larger patient cohorts are necessary to further validate our findings.