[Odontogenic cutaneous fistula: a diagnostic challenge]. / Fístula cutánea odontogénica: un reto diagnóstico.

Odontogenic cutaneous fistula (OCF) is the result of an abnormal canalization originating from chronic periapical infection. It represents a diagnostic challenge, as it is frequently misdiagnosed as dermatological lesion. There is a broad differential diagnosis, including pyogenic granuloma, cutaneous tuberculosis or congenital malformations, among others. We report the case of a 46-year-old man diagnosed with OCF who presented a rapid improvement after extraction of the affected dental pieces and fistulectomy. We consider knowledge of this pathology to be important in order to avoid unnecessary delays in diagnosis and proper treatment. Key words. Cutaneous fistula. DIAGNOSIS: Orthopantomography.

[Increasing incidence of community-acquired pneumonia caused by atypical microorganisms]. / Aumento de microorganismos no habituales en la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad.

INTRODUCTION: Knowing the most common microorganisms in our environment can help us to make proper empirical treatment decisions. The aim is to identify those microorganisms causing community-acquired pneumonia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An observational, descriptive and prospective study was conducted, including patients over 14 years with a clinical and radiographic diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia during a 383 consecutive day period. A record was made of sociodemographic variables, personal history, prognostic severity scales, progress, and pathogenic agents. The aetiological diagnosis was made using blood cultures, detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila urinary antigens, sputum culture, influenza virus and Streptococcus pyogenes detection. Categorical variables are presented as absolute values and percentages, and continuous variables as their means and standard deviations. RESULTS: Of the 287 patients included in the study (42% women, mean age 66±22 years), 10.45% died and 70% required hospital admission. An aetiological diagnosis was achieved in 43 patients (14.98%), with 16 microorganisms found in 59 positive samples. The most frequently isolated pathogen was Streptococcus pneumonia (24/59, 41%), followed by gram-negative enteric bacilli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens and Enterobacter cloacae isolated in 20% of the samples (12/59), influenza virus (5/59, 9%), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (3/59, 5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2/59, 3%), Moraxella catarrhalis (2/59, 3%), Legionella pneumophila (2/59, 3%), and Haemophilus influenza (2/59, 3%). Polymicrobial infections accounted for 14% (8/59). CONCLUSION: A high percentage of atypical microorganisms causing community-acquired pneumonia were found.

Frontal fibrosing alopecia: a pathology on the rise / Alopecia frontal fibrosante: una enfermedad en auge.

Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a scarring alopecia whose incidence is increasing significantly in our country. It is characterized by loss of frontotemporal hairline that mostly affects postmenopausal women, with a negative impact on quality of life. It is associated with early menopause in 14% of cases and hypothyroidism in 15%. With regard to treatment, 5α-reductase inhibitors are the drugs that have shown improvement of the disease in a larger number of cases. We report a new case of FFA in a woman of 77 years successfully treated with finasteride at doses of 2.5mg daily.