Health and Sexual Rights: Design, Development, and Assessment of the Massive Open Online Course on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Intersex Health Promotion in Brazil.

Background: Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are a teaching format with universal access and the potential and viability to be implemented by health professionals. Despite their proven success in providing high-quality continuing education, usage and offerings of this technology are still scarce in Brazil. Materials and Methods: This article describes the development of an online-based education strategy (MOOC) on the topic of health policies aimed at the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Intersex (LGBTI+) population and analyzes its performance and reach after 6 months. Results: This introductory MOOC course on LGBTI+ health included an assortment of multimedia material and consisted of 30 h of autonomous learning activities divided into two modules, with problem-based evaluation strategies. During its 6-month promotion period, the course had a total of 3,000 people enrolled with a completion rate of ∼20%. Conclusions: Results point to a high interest in LGBTI+ health and high demand for training on this topic among health professionals. This was the first course of its kind administered in Brazil. The MOOC format was successful and reliable in enabling the teaching-learning process.

Prevalence and Spatial Autocorrelation of Tuberculosis in Indigenous People in Brazil, 2002-2022.

Tuberculosis (TB) among indigenous populations in Brazil poses a multifaceted public health challenge influenced by geographical, social, institutional, economic, and cultural factors. This study scrutinized the prevalence and spatial distribution of TB among Brazilian indigenous communities from 2002 to 2022. Employing a cross-sectional and descriptive approach, we analyzed data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) and conducted spatial autocorrelation tests to identify clusters and outliers. The findings uncovered substantial disparities in TB prevalence between the North and Central-West regions, in contrast to the South and Southeast, mirroring social, economic, and cultural inequalities in Brazil. It is concluded that public health strategies should not only consider the epidemiological aspects of TB but also encompass social and environmental determinants, notably the impact of climate change. Holistic and context-sensitive approaches are imperative for addressing TB within indigenous communities, underscoring the need for adaptive and culturally sensitive interventions in the public health landscape.

Notifications of sexual violence against children and adolescents in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: a descriptive study, 2014-2018.

OBJECTIVE: to describe characteristics of notifications of sexual violence against children and adolescents according to race/skin color and their distribution in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, between 2014 and 2018. METHODS: this was a descriptive study of data retrieved from the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System (SINAN). Frequency distributions, prevalence and statistical differences were analyzed using Pearson's chi-square test. RESULTS: of the 8,716 notifications, most occurred in the state capital (48.2%) and related to female victims (82.2%) aged between 10 and 14 years (38.1%). There was a higher prevalence (370/100,000) and relative frequency of rape (84.5%), sexual exploitation (5.8%) and neglect/abandonment (4.6%) among victims of Black race/skin color (p-value < 0.05). Only 4.6% of notifications occurred in primary health care services. CONCLUSION: notifications were more frequent among female pre-adolescents and prevalence was higher among Black people, who should be a priority target for protective measures. Surveillance of this form of violence needs to be strengthened in primary care.

Confronting the Infodemic and Fake News to End Stigma and Discrimination in HIV/AIDS: Promoting Zero Discrimination Practices in Brazil With Massive Open Online Course.

INTRODUCTION: Overcoming misinformation is essential considering stigma and discrimination in the HIV/AIDS epidemic. This report presents the preliminary results of a health education strategy based on the massive open online course (MOOC) on Zero Discrimination in Brazil. METHODS: Case study describing the development of the MOOC and its validation using the Delphi technique. Pre- and posttests were administered. People who enrolled from October 2021 to March 2022 were included in the study. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: MOOC was made available free of charge for mobile phones, tablets, and desktops and included a 90-hr study certificate. Over 6 months, there were n = 665 people enrolled from different regions, mainly from the health field or working in the public health system. The completion rate of people included in the study (26.62%; n = 177) was above the average for other MOOCs. CONCLUSIONS: Initial results are promising but demand more extensive monitoring.

Description of drugs prescribed for hormone therapy in specialized health services for transsexual and transvestite persons in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2020. / Descrição de medicamentos prescritos para a terapia hormonal em serviços de saúde especializados para transexuais e travestis no Rio Grande do Sul, 2020.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the drugs prescribed for hormone treatment as part of the transsexualization process in health facilities providing specialized care for transsexual and transvestite persons in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: This was a descriptive study based on data collected in health facilities between May and September 2020 using the instrument developed by the researchers. RESULTS: The survey covered all seven services in the state. Antiandrogen drugs and spironolactone were prescribed for transsexuals and transvestites women in all services. Only one service did not prescribe cyproterone. All health facilities prescribed estrogen-based drugs, although with differences in the route of administration. In the case of transsexuals men, all services prescribed androgens to be administered via the intramuscular route. CONCLUSION: The study indicates which drugs are prescribed and their diversity, ratifying the need to produce information for the implementation of equity policies in the Brazilian National Health System.

The global failure of facing the pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in late 2019 has had social, political, and economic consequences worldwide. However, its emergence was not a surprise. In 2015, a Panel organised by the World Health Organization highlighted the importance of learning about the crisis caused by the Ebola epidemic. In 1992, the Committee on Emerging Microbial Threats to Health of the US Institute of Medicine warned of the possibility of an emerging global microbial threat. In this text, we point out five arguments that reveal the global failure in facing the pandemic: (1) deficiency in the global alert system and the fragility of the International Health Regulations (IHR-2005), (2) problems of the international response to the pandemic, related to global health governance, (3) the dispersed global adoption of the elimination strategy (zero Covid) widely seen as a policy of restriction of freedom instead as a strategy of inequities reduction, (4) fragile control of the disease with a narrow reading of the associated problems, and (5) global setbacks in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in the context of ongoing neoliberal national policies. Finally, we argue that overcoming the weaknesses discussed requires strengthening health systems in all their components and expanding social welfare policies.[Figure: see text].

A call for the urgent and definitive inclusion of gender identity and sexual orientation data in the Brazilian health information systems: what can we learn from the monkeypox outbreak? / Pela urgente e definitiva inclusão dos campos de identidade de gênero e orientação sexual nos sistemas de informação em saúde do SUS: o que podemos aprender com o surto de monkeypox?

In this document, we present to the scientific community a proposal on how to deal with the challenge imposed on surveillance and health actions in Brazil regarding monkeypox, including points and directions that have the potential to support learning and enable advances in the current scenario.

Neste documento trazemos um posicionamento para a comunidade científica e a sociedade civil acerca do desafio imposto à vigilância e às ações em saúde no Brasil relacionadas à monkeypox. Apresentamos pontos e encaminhamentos que podem subsidiar os aprendizados e os avanços a partir do atual cenário.

[Femicide in borderline Brazilian municipalities]. / Feminicídios em municípios de fronteira no Brasil.

This quantitative study analyzed female deaths due to agression in the 122 municipalities that are part of the Brazilian borderline. Borders are territories of conquest, conflict and violence and Brazilian border cities have high rates of male and female homicides. This study aimed to quantify female deaths from agression in border towns and identify factors associated with these deaths. Female deaths from agression are considered an indirect indicator of femicides and were the outcome of a multivariate analysis using the Poisson model. In the 2000-2015 period, 1,384 women died from agression, which represent a mean rate of 5.8/100,000 women; of these, 181 were in indigenous women (13%). We observed the pattern of distribution of these deaths, which occurred predominantly in the Central Arch, larger municipalities, and where there are more migrants. There is heterogeneity in the rates of violence in the municipalities that are part of the borderline, indicating a close look at the most populous places, with a high presence of migration and female deaths due to agression. However, we should also pay attention to the small municipalities where there has been a change in pattern, with an abrupt increase in the number of female murders.

Estudo quantitativo que analisou as mortes de mulheres por agressão nos 122 municípios que fazem parte da linha de fronteira brasileira. As fronteiras são territórios de conquista, conflito e violência, e nos municípios de fronteira brasileiros há taxas elevadas de homicídios masculinos e femininos. O objetivo do estudo foi quantificar as mortes femininas por agressão nesses municípios e identificar fatores a elas associados. As mortes femininas por agressão, consideradas um indicador indireto dos feminicídios, foram o desfecho de uma análise multivariada utilizando o modelo de Poisson. No período de 2000 a 2015, ocorreram 1.384 mortes de mulheres por agressão, representando uma taxa média de 5,8/100.000 mulheres; dessas, 181 eram indígenas (13%). Observou-se o padrão de distribuição desses óbitos, que aconteceram predominantemente no Arco Central, em municípios maiores e onde há mais migrantes. Há uma heterogeneidade nas taxas de violência nos municípios que fazem parte da linha de fronteira, indicando um olhar atento aos locais mais populosos, com alta presença de migração e taxas elevadas de mortes femininas por agressão. Mas também se recomenda atentar para municípios pequenos em que houve mudança de padrão, com elevação abrupta no número de assassinatos de mulheres.

Health challenges in the LGBTI+ population in Brazil: a scenario analysis through the triangulation of methods. / Desafios da saúde da população LGBTI+ no Brasil: uma análise do cenário por triangulação de métodos.

This article aims to reflect on the current health challenges of lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transgenders, intersex, and other sexual and gender minorities (LGBTI+) within the Brazilian scenario. This study adopted a triangulation approach, based on two studies developed in the Southeast and South of Brazil, which included policy analysis and qualitative research on the perceptions of key actors from the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) - LGBTI+ users, workers, and managers. All data were analyzed by an interdisciplinary team of researchers. The main problems faced by the LGBTI+ population were registered, indicating some of the necessary progress. Some of these challenges include: access of the LGBTI+ population to SUS; the need to train health professionals; the decentralization of health services sensitive to the LGBTI+ population; the distinct forms of violence and discrimination; the lack of research in health care conducted with specific groups, such as lesbians, bisexuals, intersex, and other sexual minorities. The results reinforce the urgency for the complete implementation of the "National Policy for the Comprehensive Health of LGBT". The recognition of the LGBTI+ health needs will aid in achieving the principles which are the guiding principles of SUS.

Este artigo objetiva refletir sobre os desafios da saúde de pessoas lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis, transexuais, intersexuais e outras minorias sexuais e de gênero (LGBTI+) no cenário brasileiro atual. Baseado no método de triangulação, incluiu análise de políticas, pesquisa qualitativa sobre percepções de atores-chave do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) - pessoas usuárias LGBTI+, profissionais e gestores(as) - a partir de dois projetos desenvolvidos no Sudeste e Sul do Brasil, analisados por equipe interdisciplinar de pesquisadores(as). Foram elencados os principais problemas enfrentados pela população LGBTI+, sinalizando alguns dos avanços necessários. Alguns desses desafios incluem: o acesso de LGBTI+ ao SUS; a necessidade de capacitação de profissionais; a interiorização e descentralização de serviços sensíveis à LGBTI+; as distintas formas de violências e discriminação; lacunas de pesquisas em saúde de segmentos específicos, como de lésbicas, bissexuais, intersexos e outras minorias sexuais. Os resultados corroboram a urgência da implementação plena da "Política Nacional de Saúde Integral de LGBT". O reconhecimento das demandas dessa população contribui para alcançar os princípios que norteiam o SUS.

Territories Under Siege: Risks of the Decimation of Indigenous and Quilombolas Peoples in the Context of COVID-19 in South Brazil.

The current health, political, and environmental crisis ongoing in Brazil and the advances of the impacts of COVID-19 in traditional populations (as indigenous and quilombolas) are not yet prioritized in the scientific production about the novel coronavirus. We performed spatial correlation analysis to map the clusters and outliers of COVID-19 in South of Brazil to identify indigenous and quilombolas communities impacted right now in the pandemic. We show that communities located nearby metropolitan areas and mid-sized cities are the most impacted by the COVID-19 and the advance of the transmission to inner states may intensify the ongoing historical process of elimination of indigenous and quilombolas people. We call for a global response to the indigenous and quilombolas situation in Brazil, pointing to the need of more analysis in the country.

Profile of notification of violence against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transvestite and Transsexual people recorded in the National Information System on Notifiable Diseases, Brazil, 2015-2017. / Perfil das notificações de violências em lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais registradas no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação, Brasil, 2015 a 2017.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the profile of notifications of violence against LGBT people in Brazil, from 2015 to 2017. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study with secondary data on records of violence against LGBT people. The study population included individuals aged 10 and older with homosexual or bisexual orientation as well as transvestites or transgender identities. RESULTS: Throughout the study period, 24,564 reports of violence were recorded. Regarding the victim's profile, 69.1% were 20 to 59 years old, 50.0% were black, 46.6% were transsexual or transvestites and 57.6% were homosexual, of which 32.6% were lesbian and 25.0%, gay. In all age groups, the most frequent nature of violence was physical violence (75.0%). The probable author was male in 66.2% of the cases, being intimate partners the most frequent aggressors (27.2%), followed by strangers (16.5%). CONCLUSION: This study expands knowledge of violence against LGBT people in Brazil, reinforces the need to report these events and improve quality of information on individual's sexual orientation and gender identity in order to produce evidence to support actions to tackle this problem.

Fortalecendo a Educação Continuada em Saúde: Letramento em Saúde por meio de cursos MOOC

Objetiva-se relatar o processo de curadoria realizada em cursos MOOC, disponíveis pela plataforma Lumina educação para todos- Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), destinados a profissionais da saúde, da educação, da assistência social, da segurança e do conselho tutelar, pois o cuidado deve permear áreas multiprofissionais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental que buscou obter materiais cientificamente validados por meio de revisão da literatura e dos meios de comunicação, no período compreendido entre junho e julho de 2022. A curadoria, atentou-se primordialmente ao contexto social, em particular à conturbada pandemia do Covid-19, inextricavelmente entrelaçada com a disseminação desenfreada de informações, denominadas infodemias. Ainda assim, para sustentar as discussões, propõe-se a exposição do processo de construção individual de cada curso. A realização das curadorias nos cursos MOOCs gerou uma ampla discussão em relação ao LS, o que permitiu uma abrangência temática para os profissionais da área da saúde.

Indigenous homicide in Brazil: geospatial mapping and secondary data analysis (2010 to 2014).

This study aimed to describe a panorama of Indigenous homicide in Brazil, analysing the main characteristics and territorial distribution between 2010 and 2014. Demographic study of Indigenous population data obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and Indigenous homicide data (2010-2014) from the Ministry of Health. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, victims' characteristics, type of homicides and geographical distribution, which were then plotted on maps using ArcGIS. Findings revealed: 1) a national estimated average of Indigenous homicide rate of 22.5 per 100,000 Indigenous inhabitants per year; 2) a map showing where homicides were registered and the mean homicide rates for Brazilian regions and states, with highest rates in Roraima and Mato Grosso do Sul; 3) the main homicide method were sharp or penetrating objects; 4) Indigenous male homicide rate was 2.4 times higher than female, but Indigenous female rate was more than double that of non-Indigenous; 5) high homicide rates of Indigenous children (under 1-year-old) in areas of the states of Roraima and Amazonas. We advise careful consideration of Indigenous cultural beliefs to avoid errors of judgement, reflecting how Indigenous populations are at risk of homicide in some areas.

Notificações de violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes no Rio Grande do Sul: estudo descritivo, 2014-2018 / Notificaciones de violencia sexual contra niños y adolescentes en Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil: estudio descriptivo, 2014-2018 / Notifications of sexual violence against children and adolescents in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: a descriptive study, 2014-2018

Objetivo: descrever características das notificações de violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes segundo a raça/cor da pele e sua distribuição no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, 2014-2018. Métodos: estudo descritivo de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan); foram analisadas distribuições de frequência, prevalências e diferenças estatísticas pelo teste qui-quadrado de Pearson. Resultados: das 8.716 notificações, a maioria ocorreu na capital (48,2%) e de vítimas do sexo feminino (82,2%) com idade entre 10 e 14 anos (38,1%); houve maior prevalência (370/100 mil) e frequência relativa de estupro (84,5%), exploração sexual (5,8%) e negligência/abandono (4,6%) entre vítimas de raça/cor da pele negra (p-valor < 0,05); 4,6% das notificações foram realizadas nos serviços de Atenção Básica à Saúde (ABS). Conclusão: houve maior frequência de notificações entre pré-adolescentes do sexo feminino e maior prevalência entre negros, alvos prioritários das medidas de proteção; torna-se necessário reforçar a vigilância dessa violência na ABS.

Objetivo: describir las características de las notificaciones de violencia sexual contra niños y adolescentes según raza/color de piel y su distribución en Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, 2014-2018. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de datos del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades y Notificaciones (Sinan). Distribuciones de frecuencia, prevalencias y diferencias estadísticas fueron analizadas mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados: de 8.716 notificaciones, la mayoría ocurrió en la capital (48,2%) y fueron de víctimas del sexo femenino (82,2%) con edades entre 10 y 14 años (38,1%). Hubo mayor prevalencia (370/100.000) y frecuencia relativa de violación (84,5%), explotación sexual (5,8%) y negligencia/abandono (4,6%) entre víctimas de raza/color de piel negro (p-valor < 0,05). Un 4,6% de las notificaciones ocurrió en servicios de atención primaria. Conclusión: hubo mayor frecuencia de notificaciones entre preadolescentes femeninas y mayor prevalencia entre víctimas negras, que deben presentar medidas de protección prioritarias. Es necesario reforzar la vigilancia de violencias en atención primaria.

Objective: to describe characteristics of notifications of sexual violence against children and adolescents according to race/skin color and their distribution in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, between 2014 and 2018. Methods: this was a descriptive study of data retrieved from the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System (SINAN). Frequency distributions, prevalence and statistical differences were analyzed using Pearson's chi-square test. Results: of the 8,716 notifications, most occurred in the state capital (48.2%) and related to female victims (82.2%) aged between 10 and 14 years (38.1%). There was a higher prevalence (370/100,000) and relative frequency of rape (84.5%), sexual exploitation (5.8%) and neglect/abandonment (4.6%) among victims of Black race/skin color (p-value < 0.05). Only 4.6% of notifications occurred in primary health care services. Conclusion: notifications were more frequent among female pre-adolescents and prevalence was higher among Black people, who should be a priority target for protective measures. Surveillance of this form of violence needs to be strengthened in primary care.

Notificação de violências interpessoais contra lésbicas, gays, bissexuais e transgêneros (LGBT) nos serviços de saúde do estado do Paraná, Brasil (2015-2017) / Notification of interpersonal violence against lesbians, gays, bisexuals and transgenders (LGBT) in healthcare settings in the state of Paraná, Brazil (2015-2017)

O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as notificações de violência interpessoal (VIP) contra lésbicas, gays, bissexuais e transgêneros (LGBT) registradas no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) no estado do Paraná, durante o período de 2015 a 2017. A abordagem adotada foi de cunho epidemiológico, ecológico e descritivo. Um total de 1.035 notificações de VIP direcionadas à comunidade LGBT foi identificado, prevalecendo principalmente entre pessoas com idades compreendidas entre 30 e 59 anos (33,8%), de cor branca (66,7%), e com nível educacional de ensino fundamental incompleto (35%). A residência se destacou como o principal local de ocorrência, compreendendo 54,6% dos casos, sendo que 55,6% das notificações descreviam violência de natureza física. A maioria dos supostos agressores era do sexo masculino (72,3%) e, em 30,4% das notificações, foram identificados parceiros íntimos como autores prováveis. Geograficamente, a Segunda Regional de Saúde do Paraná contribuiu com 24,7% das notificações, enquanto o município de Curitiba representou 14% delas. Dessa maneira, o estudo em questão desempenha um papel significativo no fortalecimento da vigilância e monitoramento das ocorrências de violência dirigida à população LGBT no estado do Paraná.

This study aimed to characterize the notifications of interpersonal violence (IPV) against lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgender people (LGBT) recorded in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) in the state of Paraná between 2015 and 2017. The adopted approach was epidemiological, ecological, and descriptive. A total of 1.035 notifications of IPV targeting the LGBT community were identified, mainly prevalent among people aged between 30 and 59 years old (33,8%), white (66,7%), and with incomplete primary education (35%). The victims' home stood out as the place with the most occurrences (54,6%), and 55,6% of the cases were physical violence. Most alleged aggressors were male (72,3%), and in 30,4% of the events, intimate partners were identified as the likely perpetrators. Geographically, the Secondary Health Region of Paraná contributed to 24,7% of the notifications, while the municipality of Curitiba accounted for 14%. Thus, the study in question plays a significant role in strengthening the surveillance and monitoring of incidents of violence against the LGBT population in Paraná.

Geografia das disparidades em saúde entre brancos e negros em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul / Geography of health disparities among white and black people in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul

Resumo Introdução O artigo discute as disparidades espaciais em saúde ao investigar pessoas brancas e negras, tomando como ponto de partida a trajetória de desenvolvimento do sistema global do capitalismo racial. Objetivo Investigar as diferenças existentes entre pessoas brancas e negras nos agravos de HIV, tuberculose e sífilis na escala de distritos sanitários na cidade de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Método Estudo ecológico, com uso de banco de dados secundários e de acesso público, disponibilizados a partir da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Porto Alegre. Inclui a análise espacial, a estatística descritiva e o uso de medidas de associação. Resultados A partir dos distritos sanitários, desvela-se a materialização de geografias de desigualdades e de condições de iniquidade entre pessoas brancas e negras, o que está entrelaçado com o processo histórico de ocupação da cidade de Porto Alegre. Conclusão O quesito raça/cor e a sua investigação escalar tornaram-se potência para corroborar as diferenças de qualidade de vida que desfrutam pessoas brancas e negras. Em Porto Alegre, são inequívocas evidências do racismo estrutural em saúde que denotam a urgência de ações no Sistema Único de Saúde, como as políticas de equidade.

Abstract Introduction This article discusses the spatial disparities in health between white and black people. It begins with the trajectory of development of the global system of racial capitalism. Objective To investigate the existing differences between white and black people in the conditions of HIV, tuberculosis, and syphilis in the scale of health districts in the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Method Ecological study using secondary and public databases made available from the Municipal Health Secretariat of Porto Alegre. It includes spatial analysis, descriptive statistics, and the use of measures of association. Results It reveals, from the health districts, the materialization of geographies of inequalities and conditions of inequality between white and black people, which are intertwined with the historical process of occupation of the city of Porto Alegre. Conclusion The issue of race and color, as well as scalar research, have become powerful tools for correlating the differences in quality of life enjoyed by white and black people. In Porto Alegre there is unmistakable evidence of structural racism in health that denotes the urgency of actions in the unified health system (SUS), such as equity policies.

Análise da Violência Autoprovocada em Jovens do Estado do Rio Grande Do Sul a partir da Tipologia de Espaços Urbanos e Rurais

A violência autoprovocada, questão sensível de saúde pública no Brasil e no mundo, é considerada uma lesão em que a pessoa inflige a si mesma, e pode ocorrer como comportamento suicida ou autoagressão. A OMS indica que o suicídio é segunda causa de morte no mundo e a quarta causa de morte no Brasil, na faixa etária juvenil entre 15 e 29 anos. O presente estudo, com metodologia descritiva, foi realizado utilizando a tipologia de classificação de espaços rurais e urbanos proposto pelo IBGE para atender as mudanças que vêm ocorrendo no Brasil e também em consonância com os Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS). No Rio Grande do Sul, área de análise deste estudo, no período de 2014 a 2018 foram registradas 104.797 notificações de violência interpessoal e autoprovocada sendo que, deste total, 25.114 (24%) de violências autoprovocadas e 10.206 (40%) na faixa etária de 15 a 29 anos. As notificações foram na maioria registradas pela tipologia de municípios urbanos com 8.285 (81,18%), seguido do rural adjacente 1.334 (13,07%) e intermediário adjacente 587 (5,75%). A análise dos dados de violência autoprovocada articulada com a escala demonstrou potencial contribuição a melhoria do processo de vigilância em saúde e educação em saúde e, por fim, na promoção da cultura de paz.

Descrição de medicamentos prescritos para a terapia hormonal em serviços de saúde especializados para transexuais e travestis no Rio Grande do Sul, 2020 / Descripción de medicamentos recetados para terapia hormonal en servicios de salud especializados para transexuales y travestis en Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, 2020 / Description of drugs prescribed for hormone therapy in specialized health services for transsexual and transvestite persons in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2020

Objetivo: Descrever os medicamentos prescritos para o tratamento hormonal do processo transexualizador em estabelecimentos de saúde de atendimento especializado para pessoas transexuais e travestis no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, com coleta de dados nesses estabelecimentos, no período maio-setembro/2020, utilizando-se instrumento elaborado pelos(as) pesquisadores(as). Obtiveram-se dados sobre o perfil de usuários(as) e características do cuidado farmacológico de tratamento hormonal. Resultados: A pesquisa contemplou todos os sete serviços do estado. Para mulheres transexuais e travestis, medicamentos antiandrogênicos e espironolactona foram prescritos em todos os serviços. Apenas um estabelecimento não prescreveu ciproterona. Todos os estabelecimentos de saúde realizaram prescrição de medicamentos a base de estrógenos, com diferenças na via de administração; para homens transexuais, todos prescreveram andrógenos por via intramuscular. Conclusão: A pesquisa aponta os medicamentos prescritos e sua diversidade, ratificando a necessidade da produção de informação para implementação das políticas de equidade no Sistema Único de Saúde.

Objetivo: Describir los medicamentos prescritos para el tratamiento hormonal en establecimientos de salud que brindan atención especializada a transexuales y travestis en Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, con recolección de datos en los establecimientos, entre mayo y septiembre de 2020, utilizando el instrumento desarrollado por los investigadores. Se obtuvieron datos sobre el perfil de usuarios (as) y características del cuidado farmacológico de tratamiento hormonal. Resultados: La encuesta abarcó los siete servicios estatales. Para las mujeres transgénero y travestis se prescribieron antiandrógenos y espironolactona en todos los servicios. Sólo un establecimiento no prescribió ciproterona. Todos los establecimientos de salud prescribieron medicamentos a base de estrógenos con diferencias en la vía de administración. Para los hombres transgénero, todos los andrógenos se recetan por vía intramuscular. Conclusión: La investigación destaca la diversidad de medicamentos prescritos, ratificando la necesidad de producir información para la implementación de políticas de equidad en el Sistema de Salud Brasileño.

Objective: To describe the drugs prescribed for hormone treatment as part of the transsexualization process in health facilities providing specialized care for transsexual and transvestite persons in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Methods: This was a descriptive study based on data collected in health facilities between May and September 2020 using the instrument developed by the researchers. Results: The survey covered all seven services in the state. Antiandrogen drugs and spironolactone were prescribed for transsexuals and transvestites women in all services. Only one service did not prescribe cyproterone. All health facilities prescribed estrogen-based drugs, although with differences in the route of administration. In the case of transsexuals men, all services prescribed androgens to be administered via the intramuscular route. Conclusion: The study indicates which drugs are prescribed and their diversity, ratifying the need to produce information for the implementation of equity policies in the Brazilian National Health System.

Pela urgente e definitiva inclusão dos campos de identidade de gênero e orientação sexual nos sistemas de informação em saúde do SUS: o que podemos aprender com o surto de monkeypox? / A call for the urgent and definitive inclusion of gender identity and sexual orientation data in the Brazilian health information systems: what can we learn from the monkeypox outbreak?

Resumo Neste documento trazemos um posicionamento para a comunidade científica e a sociedade civil acerca do desafio imposto à vigilância e às ações em saúde no Brasil relacionadas à monkeypox. Apresentamos pontos e encaminhamentos que podem subsidiar os aprendizados e os avanços a partir do atual cenário.

Abstract In this document, we present to the scientific community a proposal on how to deal with the challenge imposed on surveillance and health actions in Brazil regarding monkeypox, including points and directions that have the potential to support learning and enable advances in the current scenario.

Feminicídios em municípios de fronteira no Brasil / Femicide in borderline Brazilian municipalities

Resumo Estudo quantitativo que analisou as mortes de mulheres por agressão nos 122 municípios que fazem parte da linha de fronteira brasileira. As fronteiras são territórios de conquista, conflito e violência, e nos municípios de fronteira brasileiros há taxas elevadas de homicídios masculinos e femininos. O objetivo do estudo foi quantificar as mortes femininas por agressão nesses municípios e identificar fatores a elas associados. As mortes femininas por agressão, consideradas um indicador indireto dos feminicídios, foram o desfecho de uma análise multivariada utilizando o modelo de Poisson. No período de 2000 a 2015, ocorreram 1.384 mortes de mulheres por agressão, representando uma taxa média de 5,8/100.000 mulheres; dessas, 181 eram indígenas (13%). Observou-se o padrão de distribuição desses óbitos, que aconteceram predominantemente no Arco Central, em municípios maiores e onde há mais migrantes. Há uma heterogeneidade nas taxas de violência nos municípios que fazem parte da linha de fronteira, indicando um olhar atento aos locais mais populosos, com alta presença de migração e taxas elevadas de mortes femininas por agressão. Mas também se recomenda atentar para municípios pequenos em que houve mudança de padrão, com elevação abrupta no número de assassinatos de mulheres.

Abstract This quantitative study analyzed female deaths due to agression in the 122 municipalities that are part of the Brazilian borderline. Borders are territories of conquest, conflict and violence and Brazilian border cities have high rates of male and female homicides. This study aimed to quantify female deaths from agression in border towns and identify factors associated with these deaths. Female deaths from agression are considered an indirect indicator of femicides and were the outcome of a multivariate analysis using the Poisson model. In the 2000-2015 period, 1,384 women died from agression, which represent a mean rate of 5.8/100,000 women; of these, 181 were in indigenous women (13%). We observed the pattern of distribution of these deaths, which occurred predominantly in the Central Arch, larger municipalities, and where there are more migrants. There is heterogeneity in the rates of violence in the municipalities that are part of the borderline, indicating a close look at the most populous places, with a high presence of migration and female deaths due to agression. However, we should also pay attention to the small municipalities where there has been a change in pattern, with an abrupt increase in the number of female murders.