Can digital breast tomosynthesis accurately predict whether circumscribed masses are benign or malignant in a screening population?

AIM: To evaluate whether digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) can predict if circumscribed masses are benign or malignant by assessing margin sharpness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Circumscribed masses were evaluated on co-registered two-dimensional digital mammography (2DDM) and DBT. Lesions were categorised as follows: category 1=visible sharp border 0-25% of the total margin; category 2 = 26-50% category 3= 51-75%, and category 4=76-100%. Changes in category between 2DDM and DBT were analysed; if the category was lower on DBT the change was negative, if higher the change was positive. RESULTS: Of 759 lesions, 121 masses classified as circumscribed on DBT were included; 25 were malignant and 96 benign. Of the benign lesions, 8/96 were within category 3 or 4 on 2DDM compared with 48/96 benign lesions within category 3 or 4 on DBT (Fisher's exact test p<0.000527). Forty-eight of 51 (94.1%) lesions categorised as 3 or 4 on DBT were benign and 65/67 (97.01%) of the positive category change group were benign. Lesions in category 1 on DBT had 45.4% chance of being malignant (20/44) compared with 22.72% (20/88) on 2DDM (chi-squared test p<0.001). Sixty-five of 67 (97.01%) lesions in the positive category change group were benign and 23/54 (42.6%) lesions with either no or negative category change were malignant. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates 97% accuracy in predicting circumscribed lesions as benign when using positive category change and 94% accuracy when >50% of the margin is sharply defined on DBT.

Compromise ultrasound dating policy in maternal serum screening for Down syndrome.

Routine ultrasound biometry is the method of choice for gestational dating when screening for Down syndrome. However, it is costly and an alternative policy is to restrict ultrasound to women most likely to have menstrual dating errors. This was evaluated by statistical modelling with parameters from 14,274 women screened between January 1997 and July 2001 using free beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (free beta-hCG), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and unconjugated estriol (uE(3)). A total of 12,711 (89%) women had both ultrasound and menstrual gestations, but in 4101 (29%) women either the last menstrual period (LMP) was uncertain or a pill-withdrawal period, or there were irregular or abnormal length cycles. The LMP was not entered in the test request form for a further 1404 (9.8%) women. Routine ultrasound dating yielded a predicted detection rate higher than for menstrual dating by 3.9-7.1%, depending on the marker combination and cut-off. The false-positive rate was reduced by 0.2-1.1%. Selectively scanning the 39% with unreliable dates increased detection by 2.6-4.6%, and reduced the false-positive rate by 0.04-0.6%. Some centres only use the ultrasound estimate of gestation when it differs from the menstrual estimate by more than 7 days. Such a rule reduces the gain in detection rate to 2.5-4.6% for routine ultrasound and 1.7-3.1% with the compromise policy; the false-positive rate reductions are 0.06-0.6% and 0.0-0.3%, respectively. We conclude that if routine ultrasound is not financially and practically feasible, the compromise policy yields a clinically important improvement in screening performance compared to menstrual dating.