Effect of Lung Recruitment and Titrated Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) vs Low PEEP on Mortality in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The effects of recruitment maneuvers and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration on clinical outcomes in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain uncertain. Objective: To determine if lung recruitment associated with PEEP titration according to the best respiratory-system compliance decreases 28-day mortality of patients with moderate to severe ARDS compared with a conventional low-PEEP strategy. Design, Setting, and Participants: Multicenter, randomized trial conducted at 120 intensive care units (ICUs) from 9 countries from November 17, 2011, through April 25, 2017, enrolling adults with moderate to severe ARDS. Interventions: An experimental strategy with a lung recruitment maneuver and PEEP titration according to the best respiratory-system compliance (n = 501; experimental group) or a control strategy of low PEEP (n = 509). All patients received volume-assist control mode until weaning. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was all-cause mortality until 28 days. Secondary outcomes were length of ICU and hospital stay; ventilator-free days through day 28; pneumothorax requiring drainage within 7 days; barotrauma within 7 days; and ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month mortality. Results: A total of 1010 patients (37.5% female; mean [SD] age, 50.9 [17.4] years) were enrolled and followed up. At 28 days, 277 of 501 patients (55.3%) in the experimental group and 251 of 509 patients (49.3%) in the control group had died (hazard ratio [HR], 1.20; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.42; P = .041). Compared with the control group, the experimental group strategy increased 6-month mortality (65.3% vs 59.9%; HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.38; P = .04), decreased the number of mean ventilator-free days (5.3 vs 6.4; difference, -1.1; 95% CI, -2.1 to -0.1; P = .03), increased the risk of pneumothorax requiring drainage (3.2% vs 1.2%; difference, 2.0%; 95% CI, 0.0% to 4.0%; P = .03), and the risk of barotrauma (5.6% vs 1.6%; difference, 4.0%; 95% CI, 1.5% to 6.5%; P = .001). There were no significant differences in the length of ICU stay, length of hospital stay, ICU mortality, and in-hospital mortality. Conclusions and Relevance: In patients with moderate to severe ARDS, a strategy with lung recruitment and titrated PEEP compared with low PEEP increased 28-day all-cause mortality. These findings do not support the routine use of lung recruitment maneuver and PEEP titration in these patients. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01374022.

Efeito de um programa multiprofissional no desempenho físico e nutricional de idosos / Efecct of a multicisciplinary program on physical performance and nutritional status elderly

Introdução: A diminuição da capacidade funcional, do desempenho físico e a desnutrição são desafios comumente enfrentados pela população idosa e estão relacionadas à diminuição da qualidade de vida e da independência. Nesse sentido, estratégias de promoção à atividade física e à alimentação saudável são estratégias fundamentais para esse público. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de uma intervenção multidisciplinar sobre o desempenho físico e estado nutricional de idosos. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo de intervenção não controlado. Foi avaliado o desempenho físico, a partir do Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB); o risco de desnutrição, a partir da Mini Avaliação Nutricional (MAN); a vulnerabilidade a partir do Vulnerable Elders Survey (VES-13); e a flexibilidade da articulação coxofemoral, a partir do Testede Flexibilidade. A intervenção teve duração de seis meses e consistiu em 48 sessões de exercícios físicos em grupo, que combinaram exercícios de alongamento, atividade aeróbia e cinesioterapia, e em 12 encontros em grupo de educação alimentar e nutricional, abordando a alimentação saudável. Resultados: Participaram da intervenção 46 idosos com média de idade de 70,3 (±9,0) anos. Após a intervenção, foi observada melhora significativa nos escores do SPPB (p<0,001) e no teste de flexibilidade (p = 0,002). Houve melhora também no estado nutricional dos idosos, com aumento no escore da MAN (p = 0,006), diminuindo o número de idosos sob risco de desnutrição. Conclusão: A intervenção melhorou o desempenho físico, com o aumento da capacidade funcional e flexibilidade, e o estado nutricional, com a diminuição de indivíduos sob risco de desnutrição.(AU)

Introduction: Decreased functional capacity and malnutrition are a common challenge in the healthcare of the elderly and are related to decreased quality of life and independence. Therefore, strategies to promote physical activity and healthy eating habits are fundamental. Objective: To evaluate the effect of a multidisciplinary intervention on the physical performance and nutritional status of the elderly. Methods: This is an uncontrolled intervention study. Participants functional capacity, nutritional status, vulnerability and flexibility were evaluated using Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA®), Vulnerable Elders Survey (VES-13) and the flexibility test, respectively. The intervention lasted six months and consisted of 48 exercise sessions, which combined stretching exercises, aerobic activity and kinesiotherapy, and in 12 nutritional education encounters addressing healthy eating habits. Results: 46 elderly people with mean age of 70.3 (±9.0) years old participated throughout the intervention period. After the intervention, a significant improvement was observed in the SPPB scores (p<0.001) and in the flexibility test (p 0.002). There was also an improvement in the nutritional status of the elderly, with an increase in the MNA (p 0.006), decreasing the number of elderly people at risk of malnutrition. Conclusion: The intervention improved physical performance, with increased functional capacity and flexibility, and nutritional status, with a decrease in individuals at risk of malnutrition.(AU)