Pesticide residues in agricultural end-products and risk assessment for consumers in North China.

This study investigated pesticide residues in market-sold vegetables and fruits in Hebei Province, China, over 5 years (2018-2022). A modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) method was applied to gas chromatography with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS). The analytical methods were validated with respect to matrix effect (ME), recovery rate (78.9~105.5%), limit of quantitation (LOQ, 2.93~9.73 µg/kg), and linear correlation coefficient (0.9982~0.9997). Residues of 10 pesticides in 12 categories of vegetable and fruit were detected. 31.9% of the samples were detected pesticide residues; 15.5% of samples were detected multi-component pesticide residues. Twenty-seven positive detections of pesticide residues exceeded the corresponding maximum residue limit (MRL), accounting for 2.33%. The most types of pesticide residues were detected in cherry, with the number of 7. Procymidone was the most detected pesticide, and it was detected in 8 categories of samples. The hazard index (HI) of omethoate was the highest and the procymidone was the lowest. The HI of all the vegetables and fruits were less than 100%. The effects of pesticide residues are within an acceptable range for human. Adequate attention and further monitoring are still needed.

Bacterial contamination of medical face mask wearing duration and the optimal wearing time.

Introduction: Bacterial contamination is a critical parameter for how long a medical mask will be worn. Methods: In this study, we used the pour plate method to observe the total bacteria counts in used medical face masks. The bacterial community analysis was detected using bio-Mass spectrometry technology and 16SrRNA gene sequencing technology. The wearing time of the mask from 0.5 hours to 5 hours were studied. Results: These results shown that the total number of bacteria on the inside surface of the mask were higher than the outside. The total number of bacteria on the inner surface of masks worn for 0.5 h, 1 h 2 h, 4 h and 5 h was 69 CFU/m2,91.3 CFU/m2, 159.6 CFU/m2, 219 CFU/m2, and 879 CFU/m2, respectively. The total number of bacteria on the outside surface of masks worn for 0.5 h, 1 h 2 h, 4 h and 5 h was 60 CFU/m2, 82.7 CFU/m2, 119.8 CFU/m2, 200 CFU/m2, and 498 CFU/m2, respectively. The bacterial abundance obtained from bio-Mass spectrometry were consistent with the results of 16SrRNA sequencing. Both the methods discovered the maximum number of Neisseria followed by Corynebacterium species in mask worn 5 hours. The top 100 bacteria isolated from inside and outside surface of mask belong to 11 phyla. Conclusions: We analyzed bacterial penetration efficiency of the bacteria that were detected both on the inside and outside surface of the masks. In the top 10 bacteria, no bacteria were detected both inside and outside the mask worn for four hours, while 6 bacteria species were detected on the inside and outside of the mask after wearing for five hours. Bacterial penetration rates ranged from 0.74% to 99.66% for masks worn continuously for five hours, and the penetration rate of four strains exceeded 10% in the top 10 colonies. We recommend timely replacement of masks worn for more than four hours.

Application value of goal-directed fluid therapy with ERAS in patients undergoing radical lung cancer surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the application value of goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) in the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) of patients undergoing radical lung cancer surgery (RLCS). METHODS: A total of 74 patients undergoing elective RLCS based on the enhance recovery after surgery (ERAS) concept in the HanDan Central Hospital between December 2016 and December 2019 were enrolled and assigned to a group treated by regular conventional liquids (regular group, n=34) and a group treated by goal-directed fluid (GDFT group, n=40) according to the fluid infusion scheme. The two groups were compared in intraoperative fluid inflow and outflow, hemodynamic indexes at 30 min (T0) before operation, 4 h (T1) and 24 h (T2) after operation, postoperative complications, postoperative recovery, inflammatory factors at 1 day (d 0) before operation, and at 1 day (d 1) and 7 days (d 3) after operation, as well as for postoperative life quality. RESULTS: Crystalloid fluid input, fluid infusion, and urine output of the GDFT group were all significantly less than those of the regular group (all P<0.05), and the GDFT group showed significantly lower fluctuations of MAP, cardiac index, and stroke volume (SV) than the regular group (all P<0.05). Additionally, the GDFT group showed a significantly lower overall complication rate and experienced notably earlier time to flatus and getting out-of-bed time and notably shorter hospitalization time than the regular group (all P<0.05). Moreover, the GDFT group presented with less fluctuation of IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α levels and experienced notably higher life quality scores than the regular group. CONCLUSION: GDFT is beneficial to the rapid recovery of patients after RLCS, because it can exert a positive effect on maintaining the stability of hemodynamic indexes and reducing inflammation and postoperative complications.