[Caregivers in addictology]. / Réflexions sur les soins en addictologie.

Addictology is an interdisciplinary clinical science. Social work as well as nursing care are fundamental pillars for welcoming and following patients suffering from addiction. This paper in two parts presents the mission of social work in addiction and then the way to accompany the patients in the nursing care with the metaphor of the Odyssey.

L'addictologie est une science clinique interdisciplinaire. Les soins aussi bien dans le travail social que dans les soins infirmiers sont des piliers pour l'accueil et l'accompagnement des patients souffrant d'addiction. Cet article en deux parties présente la mission du travail social en addictologie puis l'accompagnement par les soins infirmiers sur la métaphore de l'Odyssée.

Purtscher-like retinopathy in a patient with systemic tacrolimus vasculopathy.

INTRODUCTION: Purtscher-like retinopathy is a rare occlusive retinal microangiopathy, whose pathogenesis has not been totally defined yet. Most frequent cause of Purtscher-like retinopathy is acute pancreatitis, but it may be triggered by other systemic or toxic conditions. We report herein a case of Purtscher-like retinopathy in the context of systemic tacrolimus vasculopathy. CASE REPORT: A 56-years old male with history of kidney transplant was referred to local emergency room because of a global worsening of health conditions, with fatigue, muscular pain and diuresis contraction. During hospitalization the patient came to our attention for sudden and severe visual acuity impairment in both eyes. Extensive ophthalmological assessment, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescein angiography (FA) were performed disclosing a marked drop in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (20/200 in the right eye and 10/400 in the left eye) caused by a bilateral severe occlusive retinal microangiopathy complicated by diffuse retinal ischaemia and neovascular glaucoma. Muscular biopsy showed a necrotizing myopathy with autoimmune features, as indicated by conspicuous upregulation of MHC-I complex and microangiopathic changes, consistent with tacrolimus toxicity. Tacrolimus administration was interrupted, and intravenous glucocorticoids were administered. The large areas of retinal ischemia and neovascular glaucoma were treated with pan-retinal photocoagulation and intravitreal injections of bevacizumab with complete regression of iris neovascolarization. BCVA measured 20/200 in both eyes at last follow-up visit, 20 months after symptoms onset. CONCLUSIONS: Purtscher-like retinopathy should be suspected in patients under treatment with calcineurin inhibitors especially in case of sudden and severe bilateral visual impairment.

[The genetic basis of post-bone marrow transplant thrombotic microangiopathy: is this the last piece of the puzzle?]

Transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) is a complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) associated with kidney injury and significant mortality. Recent studies indicate that dysregulation of the alternate complement pathway may be at the basis of the development of TA-TMA. Currently, there are no pre-transplant screening tools to identify patients at risk. To explore the mechanism of TA-TMA, we performed a genetic study that allowed us to identify the deletion of the CFHR3-CFHR1 region in homozygosity. We report the clinical case of a 47-year-old woman who underwent haploidentical HSCT complicated by TA-TMA confirmed by renal biopsy. The patient discontinued treatment with calcineurin inhibitors (potential inducers of TA-TMA) with a brief introduction of prednisone until complete resolution of renal damage and microangiopathy. Identifying genetic variants that affect the mechanism of the alternate complement pathway could help in the stratification of the risk of TA-TMA and in implementing a personalized therapeutic approach.

Expanding the phenotype of 22q11 deletion syndrome: the MURCS association.

The MURCS association [Müllerian Duct aplasia or hypoplasia (M), unilateral renal agenesis (UR) and cervicothoracic somite dysplasia (CS)] manifests itself as Müllerian Duct aplasia or hypoplasia, unilateral renal agenesis and cervicothoracic somite dysplasia. We report on a 22-year-old woman with bicornuate uterus, right renal agenesis, C2-C3 vertebral fusion (MURCS association) and 22q11.2 deletion. Angio-MRI revealed the aberrant origin of arch arteries. Hashimoto thyroiditis, micropolycystic ovaries with a dermoid cyst in the right ovary and mild osteoporosis were also diagnosed. Accurate revision of radiographs enabled us also to identify thoracolumbar and lumbosacral vertebral-differentiation defects. Audiometry and echocardiogram were normal. Bone densitometry showed osteoporosis. As per our evaluation, the patient had short stature, obesity (BMI 30.7) and facial features suggestive of the 22q11 deletion syndrome. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis showed a de-novo 22q11.2 deletion confirmed by array-comparative genomic hybridization analysis. We discuss whether this is a casual association or whether it is an additional syndrome owing to the well known phenotype extensive variability of the 22q11 deletion syndrome.

First case report of using Ofatumumab in kidney transplantation AB0 incompatible. / PRIMO CASE REPORT DI UTILIZZO DELL' OFATUMUMAB NEL TRAPIANTO RENALE AB0 INCOMPATIBILE.

Modern methods for desensitization protocol rely heavily on combined apheresis therapy and Rituximab, a chimeric (murine and human) anti-CD20 antibody used in AB0 incompatible kidney transplants. Severe infusion related reactions due to the administration of Rituximab are reported in 10% of patients. These adverse reactions may hinder the completion of the desensitization protocol. Therefore, it's useful to test alternative B cell depleting therapies. Our clinical case focuses on a 41-year-old male who developed an adverse infusion reaction following the administration of Rituximab and was given Ofatumumab as an alternative treatment. Ofatumumab is a fully humanized monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody. As a fully humanized antibody, Ofatumumab may avoid immunogenic reactions. The patient tolerated the administration of the drug showing no signs of adverse side effects and with good clinical efficacy. Our case report suggest that Ofatumumab is a valid alternative B cell depleting agent.

H pylori infection and systemic antibodies to CagA and heat shock protein 60 in patients with coronary heart disease.

AIM: to determine the overall prevalence of H pylori and CagA positive H pylori infection and the prevalence of other bacterial and viral causes of chronic infection in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), and the potential role of anti-heat-shock protein 60 (Hsp60) antibody response to these proteins in increasing the risk of CHD development. METHODS: Eighty patients with CHD and 160 controls were employed. We also compared the levels of anti-heat-shock protein 60 (Hsp60) antibodies in the two groups. The H pylori infection and the CagA status were determined serologically, using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and a Western blotting method developed in our laboratory. Systemic antibodies to Hsp60 were determined by a sandwich ELISA, using a polyclonal antibody to Hsp60 to sensitise polystyrene plates and a commercially available human Hsp60 as an antigen. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of H pylori infection was 78.7% (n = 63) in patients and 76.2% (n = 122) in controls (P = 0.07). Patients infected by CagA-positive (CagA+) H pylori strains were 71.4% (n = 45) vs 52.4% of infected controls (P = 0.030, OR = 2.27). Systemic levels of IgG to Hsp60 were increased in H pylori-negative patients compared with uninfected controls (P < 0.001) and CagA-positive infected patients compared with CagA-positive infected controls (P = 0.007). CONCLUSION: CagA positive H pylori infection may concur to the development of CHD; high levels of anti-Hsp60 antibodies may constitute a marker and/or a concomitant pathogenic factor of the disease.