[False positive result in mammography and its association with the presence of obesity: a case-control study]. / Resultado falso positivo en la mamografía y su asociación con la presencia de obesidad: un estudio de casos y controles.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between a false positive result in mammography and obesity, inside the breast cancer early detection program in women affiliated to the Institute of Security and Social Services for Government and Municipality workers of the State of Baja California (ISSSTECALI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A case-control, retrospective study was done in women affiliated to ISSSTECALI to whom a mammography was performed between 2009 and 2012. Women with a false positive result in mammography were included as cases. Controls were women with a true negative result in mammography. Three controls were randomly selected for each case. Obesity was established with the body mass index (BMI) consigned in the woman's clinical file. Age and estrogen replacement therapy were included as co-variables. RESULTS: Seventy nine cases were identified and 237 controls were included. Obesity was observed in 54.4% of cases and in 41.3% of controls (odds ratio: 1.69; 95% confidence interval for odds ratio: 1.01-2.82; p value: 0.043). A logistic regression model including covariables maintained the observed association (p = 0.044). No association was found with analyzed co-variables. CONCLUSIONS: A false positive result in mammography was associated with the presence of obesity.

Wearable Active Electrode for sEMG Monitoring Using Two-Channel Brass Dry Electrodes with Reduced Electronics.

Gel-based electrodes are employed to record sEMG signals for prolonged periods. These signals are used for the control of myoelectric prostheses, clinical analysis, or sports medicine. However, when the gel dries, the electrode-skin impedance increases considerably. Using dry active electrodes (AEs) to compensate variations of impedance is an alternative for long-term recording. This work describes the optimization of the electronic design of a conventional AE by removing the impedance coupling stage and two filters. The proposed work consisted of 5 stages: electrodes, amplification (X250), 2.2 Vdc offset, low-pass filter, and ADC with USART communication. The device did not need the use of electrolytic gel. The measurements of CMRR (96 dB), amplitude of the output sEMG signal (∼1.6 Vp-p), and system bandwidth (15-450 Hz) were performed in order to confirm the reliability of the device as an sEMG signal acquisition system. The SNR values from seven movements performed by eleven volunteers were compared in order to measure the repeatability of the measurements (average 30.32 dB for a wrist flexion). The SNR for wrist flexion measured with the proposed and the commercial system was compared; the values were 49 dB and 60 dB, respectively.

Conduction mechanism and switchable photovoltaic effect in (1 1 1) oriented BiFe0.95Mn0.05O3 thin film.

Epitaxial 200 nm BiFe0.95Mn0.05O3 (BFO) film was grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on (1 1 1) oriented SrTiO3 substrate buffered with a 50 nm thick SrRuO3 electrode. The BFO thin film shows a rhombohedral structure and a large remnant polarization of Pr = 104 µC cm-2. By comparing I(V) characteristics with different conduction models we reveal the presence of both bulk limited Poole-Frenkel and Schottky interface mechanisms and each one dominates in a specific range of temperature. At room temperature (RT) and under 10 mW laser illumination, the as grown BFO film presents short-circuit current density (J sc) and open circuit voltage (V oc) of 2.25 mA cm-2 and -0.55 V respectively. This PV effect can be switched by applying positive voltage pulses higher than the coercive field. For low temperatures a large V oc value of about -4.5 V (-225 kV cm-1) is observed which suggests a bulk non-centrosymmetric origin of the PV response.

Double-blind comparison of ciprofloxacin with cefotaxime in the treatment of skin and skin structure infections.

Oral ciprofloxacin (750 mg twice daily) was compared with intravenous cefotaxime (2 g three times daily) as therapy for 61 episodes of skin and skin structure infections occurring in adult patients. A variety of infections including cellulitis, infected ulcers, abscesses, and other miscellaneous infections were treated. Clinical cure was achieved in 77 percent (24 patients) of 31 patients treated with ciprofloxacin and in 76 percent (22 patients) of 28 patients treated with cefotaxime. The response was slower in infected diabetic patients than in non-diabetic patients in both groups. Side effects were minimal and appeared only in the cefotaxime group. Ciprofloxacin taken twice daily was as effective as cefotaxime administered intravenously three times daily in the treatment of skin and skin structure infections.

Some new trends in the ionoluminescence of minerals.

Ionoluminescence (IL) has mainly been used to detect impurities or defects inside synthetic materials. This paper gives a summary of new applications of IL to natural minerals that might be found in ancient pieces of jewellery or decorative artefacts (affreschi, stucchi, mosaics). Some relevant examples of its use for archaeometrical purposes are given to highlight the potential of the technique. Chemical information can be obtained by luminescent characterization of minerals. IL spectra act as digital imprint for elements or defects inside each material, enabling differentiation of natural specimens from imitations and/or synthetic analogues. Crystal field theory indicates it is the coordination number of the emitter inside the crystalline structure that gives information on its valence. Historical confusion between rubies and red spinel can easily be resolved by analysis of IL spectra. Modern synthetic diamonds can also be discriminated and blue sapphire can be distinguished from blue kyanite, a silicate that is currently being sold as its imitation. The technique can also differentiate between the synthetic and the natural gems. Polymorphs can be identified, and it is possible to recognize minerals from isomorphic series (from the same chemical group with the same structure) even when they share the same light emitter (e.g. Mn(2+), in carbonates). High-quality glasses (e.g. laser glasses) which are normally used for faking gemstones can be also detected. We fully believe IL will, in the future, be a powerful technique for determining the crystallinity of solids. This paper gives an overview of possible applications of IL to archaeometry for mineral characterization; this is a new application that still requires further study.

[Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus increases early mortality due to acute myocardial infarct]. / La diabetes mellitus no dependiente de insulina incrementa la mortalidad temprana por infarto agudo del miocardio.

Previous reports suggest that morbidity and mortality post acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are increased in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM). To obtain information in our population related to the prognosis after an AMI in diabetic patients and its major determinants, we studied 96 NIDDM patients admitted consecutively with a diagnosis of AMI. We used a control group (CG) of age and sex matched non-diabetic individuals. Patients with NIDDM had more frequently a history of angina (40 vs 23%, p < 0.001) and previous MI (30 vs 15%, p < 0.05). The AMI localization and extension, and the presence of arrhythmias were similar for both groups. Early mortality after the AMI was 22% in the NIDDM group and 12% in the CG with Odds ratio of 1.9 (CI 95% 0.91-5.15), being higher in diabetic females [2.3 (CI 95% 0.77-14.6) vs female CG and 1.5 (CI 95% 0.8-7.6) vs male NIDDM]. Extended MIs predicted higher mortality rate, especially among NIDDM patients (p < 0.05). Stepwise logistic regression test supported diabetes mellitus, per se, as a major contributor for mortality (p < 0.02), followed by MI localization and extension. The worst outcome was in NIDDM female patients of advanced age and hypertensive (p < 0.00001).

[Usefulness of Doppler echocardiography in the analysis of left ventricular isometric relaxation time in an experimental model of myocardial reperfusion]. / Utilidad del eco/Doppler para el análisis del tiempo de relajación isométrica del ventrículo izquierdo en un modelo experimental de reperfusión miocárdica.

UNLABELLED: Modifications of left ventricular isometric relaxation time (LVIRT) were analyzed in an experimental model of myocardial reperfusion (MR). In a prospective study, 19 mongrel dogs were studied with open chest, mechanical ventilation and hemodynamic monitoring. A catheter was inserted in the middle third of the anterior descending artery (ADA) for registry of its pressure. The ADA was ligated distal to the first diagonal branch for 15 min and subsequently untied. Epicardial Echo/Doppler registries were obtained in basal conditions, at 5 and 15 min of ischemia and at 5, 15, 30 and 60 min after MR. Mobility and changes in thickness of the interventricular septum (IVS) were analyzed, and LVIRT was measured in all of the periods mentioned. There were no significant changes in the thickness of IVS. LVIRT increased in comparison to the basal registry at 5 and 15 min of ischemia (p < 0.0001) and returned to basal values with MR (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Acute myocardial ischemia prolongs LVIRT, in this model, during MRLVIRT returned to normal. In the experimental model, measurement of LVIRT may be used as criterion for reperfusion.

Actividad analgísica de la combinación fija dihidroergotamina paracetamol y cafeína en el tratamiento de cefalias de diverso origen / Analgesic activity of the fixed combination of dihydroergatamine, paracetamol and caffeine in the treatment of cephaleas of various origins

En un estudio abierto para valorar la eficacia y tolerancia de una asociación fija de dihidroergotamina, paracetamol y cafeína en el tratamiento de cefaleas de diverso origen, se incluyeron 36 pacientes de ambos sexos con edades comprendidas entre 12 y 72 años, que recibieron el citado fármaco en dosis de 2 grageas cada 6 horas, hasta suprimir el dolor o alcanzar la dosis máxima de 6 grageas al día. El preparado redujo la intensidade del dolor de 3 + ou - 0.13 a 0.36 + ou - 0.11 al quinto día de tratamiento. Dicha reducción fue muy significativa, y se logró con dosis baja del medicamento (2.61 + ou - 0.18 grageas/día en promedio), la cual descendió durante el transcurso del estudio, hasta 1 gragea/día aproximadamente. La tolerancia fue excelente; en sólo 8.3% de la población estudiada se registraron efectos secundários

Presentación clínica del absceso perinéfrico, de 1980 a 1985 / Clinical presentation of perinephric abscess from 1980 to 1985

Durante el periodo comprendido entre 1980 a 1985 se diagnosticaron 10 abscesos perinéfrico en siete mujeres y tres varones. La edad promedio fue de 43.1 años. La evolución promedio de 174.7 días. Los síntomas prominentes fueron dolor (costovertebral/abdominal), calosfríos repetidos y fiebre. A la exploración física se encontró una tumoración en nueve de los diez casos. La hemoglobina promedio fue de 9.94 con un recuento total de leucocitos de 16,360. Todos los pacientes tenían alteraciones en la urografía excretora sugestivas de absceso perinéfrico. Las enterobacterias gramnegativas sensibles predominaron (siete de 10) como los agentes etiogénicos. Esta entidad se debe sospechar en mujeres/varones mayores de 40 años, con diabetes sacarina no insulinodependiente, anémicos, con duración de signos y síntomas de más de una semana, a los que se les practicó una urografía excretora

Actividad antibacteriana topica del acido pseudomonico: evaluacion doble ciega controlada con placebo. / Antibacterial topical activity of pseudomonic acid: a double-blind evaluation controlled with placebo

El acido pseudomonico es un nuevo antibiotico derivado de la Pseudomonas fluorescens (NCIB 10586). Inhibe la sintesis proteica de los microorganismos sensibles y tiene actividad contra bacterias grampositivas, en especial S. aureus asi como contra algunas gramnegativas.Se estudiaron 50 pacientes con infecciones cutaneas, de los cuales 25 fueron tratados con acido pseudomonico y 25 recibieron placebo. Ambos grupos fueron similares por lo que respecta al tipo de infeccion y enfermidades asociadas. Se tomaron cultivos de superficie antes durante y despues del tratamiento. El medicamento activo y el placebo inerte se aplicaron en forma de crema 3 veces al dia durante 5 a 10 dias. Se trataron 22 infecciones secundarias y 3 primarias en cada uno de los dos grupos. Vientitres de los que recibieron acido pseudomonico se curaron, en comparacion con 16 del grupo testigo. Hubo una falla terapeutica en el grupo tratado con acido pseudomonico y 8 en el testigo. Por lo tanto, se puede concluir que algunas infecciones cutaneas pueden beneficiarse con el tratamiento topico de acido pseudomonico

Lincomicina: su utilidad en enfermedades infecciosas. / Lincomycin: its use in infectious diseases

Se revisan los aspectos basicos sobre el uso de la lincomicina, como son: farmacocinetica, mecanismo de accion, penetracion celular y actividad antibacteriana. Se actualizan sus principales usos terapeuticos en 1983 y se analizan las posibilidades futuras

Clindamicina en la terapia de sindromes infecciosos. / Clindamycin in the therapy of the infactious syndromes

Se revisan los apectos farcamologicos basicos de la clindamicina, asi como su uso en la terapeutica de sindromes infecciosos Se discute el papel de la clindamicina favoreciendo los mecanismos de defenda del huesped