[The alteration of the parameters of lipid peroxidation and the antioxidative system in the children presenting with pyo-inflammatory diseases of the middle ear].

The objective of the present study was to determine the amount of products of lipid peroxidation (dienic conjugates and malonic dialdehydes) together with antioxidative enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) in 47 children presenting with acute pyo-inflammatory otitis media (APIOM) and 125 patients with chronic suppurative mesotympanitis (CSMT). In addition, 49 children presenting with chronic suppurative epitympanitis (CSET) and chronic suppurative epimesotympanitis (CSEMT) were included in the study. The data obtained were analysed and compared with the similar characteristics of 28 healthy children of the same age comprising the control group. The age of the children in different groups varied between 2 and 14 years. The study revealed the increase in the amount of lipid peroxidation products in all the groups with the simultaneous reduction of the activity of antioxidative enzymes; moreover, these values changed depending on the form and clinical course of the disease.

[The implementation of computer model in research of dynamics of proliferation of cells of thyroid gland follicle].

The article deals with the results of computational experiments in research of dynamics of proliferation of cells of thyroid gland follicle in normal condition and in the case of malignant neoplasm. The model studies demonstrated that the chronic increase of parameter of proliferation of cells of thyroid gland follicle results in abnormal behavior of numbers of cell cenosis of thyroid gland follicle. The stationary state interrupts, the auto-oscillations occur with transition to irregular oscillations with unpredictable cell proliferation and further to the "black hole" effect. It is demonstrated that the present medical biologic experimental data and theory propositions concerning the structural functional organization of thyroid gland on cell level permit to develop mathematical models for quantitative analysis of numbers of cell cenosis of thyroid gland follicle in normal conditions. The technique of modeling of regulative mechanisms of living systems and equations of cell cenosis regulations was used

[Computer simulation of thyroid regulatory mechanisms in health and malignancy].

The paper describes a computer model for regulation of the number of thyroid follicular cells in health and malignancy. The authors'computer program for mathematical simulation of the regulatory mechanisms of a thyroid follicular cellular community cannot be now referred to as good commercial products. For commercialization of this product, it is necessary to draw up a direct relation of the introduced corrected values from the actually existing normal values, such as the peripheral blood concentrations of thyroid hormones or the mean values of endocrine tissue mitotic activity. However, the described computer program has been also used in researches by our scientific group in the study of thyroid cancer. The available biological experimental data and theoretical provisions on thyroid structural and functional organization at the cellular level allow one to construct mathematical models for quantitative analysis of the regulation of the size of a cellular community of a thyroid follicle in health and abnormalities, by using the method for simulation of the regulatory mechanisms of living systems and the equations of cellular community regulatory communities.

[The membrane receptor binding of thyroid hormones in rat liver and brain cells in ontogeny]. / Membrannaia retseptsiia tireoidnykh gormonov v kletkakh pecheni i mozga krys v ontogeneze.

We studied changes of phospholipid and fatty acid composition of highly purified plasma membranes of liver and brain cells of rats over time during ontogenesis. Membranes were isolated from the organs of 2-day-old embryos, 6-day-old newborn rats, and adult rats. We examined the binding of thyroxine, a thyroid hormone, by preparations of plasma membranes from liver and brain at these times and have determined any tissue specificity in the development of membrane-mediated thyroxine reception during ontogenesis.

[Protective action of liposome-incorporated surface antigens of the influenza virus by different methods of immunization]. / Protektivnoe deistvie vkliuchennykh v liposomy poverkhnostnykh antigenov virusa grippa pri razlichnykh sposobakh immunizatsii.

The influence of different routes of immunization on the protective effect of liposome-incorporated influenza A/PR/8/34 virus surface antigens was studied. Influenza virus surface antigens, neuraminidase and hemagglutinin, incorporated into liposomes, were shown to have a significant protective effect upon intraperitoneal and intranasal administration against a lethal dose of influenza virus as compared with immunization using a free antigen solution against the same infection. The protective effect is poor in intravenous immunization with influenza virus antigen-containing liposomes. It is concluded that combining of influenza virus antigens with liposomes may be used for preparation of new influenza vaccines.

[Effect of lipids on thrombocyte aggregation in patients with ischemic heart disease]. / Vliianie lipidov na agregatsiiu trombotsitov v krovi bo'lnykh ishemicheskoi bolez'niu serdtsa.

Platelet lipid composition was studied in healthy subjects and patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and effects of various phospholipids (PL) were examined on aggregatory parameters. The patients with CHD was found to show higher levels of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), phosphatidic acid (PA), cholesterol (Chol), increased Chol/PL of saturated fatty acids, elevated malonic dialdehyde and lower phosphatidylinositol (PI) concentrations. Addition of liposomes from various PL classes to platelet-rich plasma indicated as follows. Phosphatidylserine (PS) liposomes caused a decrease in the platelet aggregation both in healthy subjects and CHD patients. Phosphatidylcholine- (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine- (PE), PI-, and LPC-liposomes increased the platelet aggregation in healthy subjects. Incubation of PE- and PI-liposomes with platelet-rich plasma from CHD patients resulted in lower platelet aggregation, whereas that of PC and LPC liposomes led to its increase. In CHD patients, the changes in the platelet lipid composition were likely to occur due to stimulation of lipid peroxidation and activation of platelet phospholipases, and diminished platelet aggregation caused by addition of PI- and PE-liposomes was likely to be associated with reconstruction of lipid composition and reduction of substrates of the phosphoinositide cycle.

[Role of biological membrane lipid component in hormone reception and adenylate cyclase system function]. / Rol' lipidnykh komponentov biologicheskikh membran v retseptsii Gormonov i funktsionirovanii adenilattsiklaznoi sistemy.

The paper deals with a review of experimental data evidencing for an important role of phospholipids in regulation of the activity of the adenylate cyclase system sensitive to hormonal effects. These compounds play a structural role and evidently keep the receptor-enzymic complex in the state sensitive to the hormone effect. Phospholipids form a complex with the receptor subunit of adenylate cyclase or determine its microenvironment and take part in hormonal binding. Lipid components are transmitters or modulators of physico-chemical signals formed during hormone-receptor interaction. A supposition is made that phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine and probably phosphatidyl inositol interact with the catalytic subunit of adenylate cyclase and determine its activity. Supposing that several hormonal receptors are associated with adenylate cyclase only, it may be admitted that each receptor is linked with it through separate fractions of phospholipids.

[Metabolism of phospholipids in various pathological states]. / Obmen fosfolipidov pri nekotorykh patologicheskikh sostoianiiakh.

The composition, content and metabolic activity of phospholipids in the myocardium vary depending on the organism thyroid status as well as under conditions of alloxan diabetes. The absolute content of total phospholipids and their acid fractions (phosphatidyl serine, phosphatyl inosite and cardiolipin) are raised in rats with experimental hyperthyroidism due to intensification of their biosynthesis. In animals with hypothyroidism a decrease in the level of total phospholipids and their certain fractions (cardiolipin, phosphatidyl serine and phosphatyl inosite) correlates with the inhibition of the intensity of 32P and 3H-fatty acids incorporation into the composition of phospholipids. A sharp increase in the content of cardiolipin and a regular decrease of choline-containing lipids (phosphatidyl choline and sphingomyelin) is a characteristic feature of changes in the composition of myocardium phospholipids under experimental diabetes.

[Isolation and characteristics of the thyroxine membrane receptor]. / Vydelenie i kharakteristika membrannogo retseptora tiroksina.

A thyroxin receptor was isolated from rat liver plasma membranes by means of affinity chromatography. The receptor proved to be glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 40 kDa and contained 322 amino acid residues. Incorporation of the purified receptor into artificial phospholipid membrane was carried out.

[Oxidation of palmityl carnitine in mitochondria of rat heart and liver tissue under conditions of thyroid pathology]. / Okislenie pal'mitilkarnitina mitokhondriiami serdtsa i pecheni krys pri tireoidnoi patologii.

Effects were studied of various doses of thyroid hormones and thyroidectomy on oxidation of palmityl carnitine and caprylate in heart and liver mitochondria as well as on the rate of oxidation of succinate and alpha-ketoglutarate in brain mitochondria. Depending on the dose of the thyroid hormone the rate of fatty acid oxidation varied. The stimulatory doses of thyroxin and thyroidectomy altered (increased or decreased) the rate of electrone transport in the respiratory chain but the respiratory control and the ADP/O ratio were only slightly changed. Toxic doses led to fast oxidation of the both substrates and to uncoupling of the oxidative phosphorylation. Thyroid hormones and thyroidectomy did not affect the succinate oxidation in brain mitochondria; this data suggest insensitivity of the brain tissue to the effect of thyroid hormones.

[Protein biosynthesis in a cell-free protein synthesis system from nodular euthyroid goiter cells]. / Biosintez balkov v beskletochnoi sisteme sinteza belka iz kletok uzlovogo éutireoidnogo zoba.

Analysis of proteins, synthesized in cell-free system using nodal euthyroid goiter, was carried out by polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. Four protein farctions, incorporating labelled amino acids, were found: "complete" thyroglobulin, two its subunits and thyroalmbumin. This correlates with the concept that malignant cell synthesizes intensively proteins untypical for a normal tissue.

[Biological effects of thyroxine in experimental carcinogenesis].

The study was undertaken to examine the in vitro and in vivo effects ofthyroxine Т4 at the concentrations of 10-4 M, 10-6 M, 10- M on the proliferative capacity and apoptosis of tumor cells of various pathogenesis. During the investigations, the authors used the unicellular suspension prepared from the surgical material obtained from 2 patients operated on for thyroid nodules (n = 1) and breast tumors in gynecomastia (n = 1) and evaluated the in vivo antitumor and antiproliferative activities of Т4, by using the melanoma B-16 inoculated in C57B1 mice. In the in vitro experiments, Т4 given in a dose of 10- М produced the highest cytotoxic activity against benign thyroid tumor cells (70±4.58%; p < 0.05). When used in this dose, T4 induced the greatest apoptotic death of the cells (9.0±0.90%; p < 0.05) as compared with the controls (1.0±0.30%). The in vitro effect of T4 in doses of 10-4 M, 10-6 M, 10- M on breast tumor cells in the presence of gynecomastia led to a decrease in levels of the oncogenic protein HER2/neu by an average of 27.25±1.14% (p < 0.001). In the in vivo experiments on a model of the tumor strain of melanoma B-16, T4 at the concentrations of 10-4 M, 10-6 M, 10- M showed a high antitumor activity (59.00±5.54%; p < 0.001 of tumor growth suppression by mass and 74.12±0.26%; p < 0.001 by volume). When given in a dose of 10- M, T4 displayed the highest antiproliferative activity (MI, 1.3±0.16%o, p < 0.001; AI, 10.65±1.39%, p < 0.001) as compared with the control group (MI, 4.96±0.43%o; AI, 4.43+0.40%).

[Changes in the ganglioside composition of various rat organs under the action of thyroid hormones]. / Izmenenie gangliozidnogo sostava razlichnykh organov krys pod deistviem tireoidnykh gormonov.

The ganglioside content in various organs of the rat were studied under normal conditions and under deficiency of thyroid hormones. The minimal ganglioside content was observed in skeletal muscles, the maximal one--in the brain. Using thin-layer chromatography, it was demonstrated that these organs possess a complex ganglioside composition which differs both qualitatively and quantitatively. Under thyroid hormone excess, the total ganglioside content shows a tendency to increase, while under hormone deficiency--to decrease. The nature of changes in individual ganglioside fractions in various tissues depends on the thyroid hormone content in the organism.

[Quantitative properties and biosynthesis of phospholipids in rat embryonic tissues in the process of development]. / Kolichestvennyi sostav i biosintez fosfolipidov v tkaniakh émbrionov krys v protsesse razvitiia.

The content of lipid phosphorus and the rate of [1-14C]palmitate incorporation into individual phospholipids of rat embryonic liver, kidney, spleen, brain, and placenta at different stages of prenatal development were studied. It was shown that the level of neutral phospholipids at all stages is much higher than that in acid fractions; however, the rate of the acid fraction exchange is 10 times higher depending on the age of the embryos. The specific radioactivity of individual fractions of embryonic rat tissue largely exceeds that in adult animals.

[Autologous liposomes]. / Autologichnye liposomy.

A possibility to increase liposomal tropism to different organs by obtaining them from target lipid cells is considered. The interaction of liposomes of varying phospholipid and ganglioside composition with hepatic cells of rats was studied in vitro. It was found that this interaction was governed both by the phospholipid and ganglioside composition of the vesicles. Liposomes formed of phospholipids and gangliosides of target cells were captured better by the cells. Liposomes formed by summary hepatic phospholipids and gangliosides were shown to be eliminated more rapidly from the flow and to accumulate in the liver of the rats. This suggests that liposomal affinity for specific organs may be increased by changing the content and proportion of lipids in the liposomes to attain the maximal similarity to the composition of the target cell membranes.

[Phospholipid composition of normal thrombocytes and in diabetes mellitus]. / Fosfolipidnyi sostav trombotsitov krovi v norme i pri sakharnom diabete.

Adhesive and aggregating properties of the blood platelets are dependent to a higher degree on phospholipid content of their cellular membranes. A tendency of the blood platelets to hyperaggregation was seen in patients with diabetes mellitus. The aim of these studies is to investigate lipid composition of the blood platelets in healthy subjects and in patients with diabetes mellitus during the treatment. Sixty five diabetic patients and 18 healthy humans were examined. A significant decrease in sphingomyelin content down to 10.4% (normal 15.2%) and an increase in phosphatidylserine concentration up to 11.7% (normal 6.8%) were observed in diabetic patients in the process of determination of phospholipid content in the blood plate lets. The changes were revealed in phospholipid content, when calculation was carried out in micrograms/100 mg of protein. During the decompensation stage a decreased concentration of total phospholipids and their choline-containing fractions is observed in the presence of rising phosphatidyl and cholesterol contents and the cholesterol-phospholipid ratio. In diabetes compensation stage the lipid composition of the blood platelets is absolutely within normal.

[Lipid composition of immunocompetent organs of tumor-bearing rats]. / Lipidnyi sostav immunokompetentnykh organov krys-opukholrnositelei.

A comparative study of phospholipid composition of thymus, spleen, bone marrow, liver and peritoneal exudate with sarcoma 45-bearing and normal rats was carried out. It was found that substantial changes in total phospholipid and cholesterol contents are observed only in peritoneal exudate of tumour-bearing animals. Some alterations were revealed in the content of individual fractions of investigated organs. The most pronounced changes in the contents of individual phospholipid fractions were found in peritoneal exudates of rats with sarcoma 45.

[Phospholipase A2 and reacylation of phospholipids]. / Fosfolipaza A2 i reatsilirovanie fosfolipidov.

Transacetylation of labeled CoA-oleate and oleate into liposomes from dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine catalyzed by phospholipase A2 from rat liver mitochondria was studied. It was shown that the efficiency of CoA-oleate incorporation slightly exceeded that of oleic acid both in the phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine fractions. It was found also that some amount of the labeled substrate remains bound to the enzyme; the type of oleate and CoA-oleate binding differs, depending on their concentrations. The autonomy of lipid component formation in mitochondrial membranes is discussed.

[Fatty acid composition of individual phospholipids in skeletal muscle at different insulin levels in the rat]. / Zhirnokislotnyi sostav individual'nykh fosfolipidov skeletnykh myshts pri razlichnom soderzhanii insulina v organizme krys.

Insulin injections cause an increase of the total content of saturated fatty acids in the sphingomyelin and phosphatidylethanolamine fractions of rat skeletal muscles as well as in the amount of unsaturated fatty acids in the phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl serine and phosphatidyl inositol fractions. These effects are not always opposite in case of alloxan diabetes.