Adverse Reactions of Antibody-Therapy for Primary Cutaneous Lymphomas: Rituximab, Brentuximab Vedotin, Alemtuzumab, and Mogamulizumab.

Treatment of advanced PCLs is limited and rarely reaches complete remission despite aggressive treatment modalities, such as polychemotherapy with various adverse effects. However, several monoclonal antibodies drug agents in patients with advanced primary cutaneous lymphomas demonstrate promising efficacy and manageable safety profiles. The monoclonal antibodies drug agents have favourable tolerability compared with multi-agent cytotoxic chemotherapy. However, adverse effects manifest with a broad clinical spectrum, hence the markers of targeted therapies are not limited to tumour cells but found on tumour cells and also on benign T and/or B cells. Moreover, the safety profile and direct causal association of drug and adverse effects should be interpreted with caution because many of the patients in clinical studies have received multiple treatments. Here, we focus on the safety profile of mAbs therapies that have recently been approved or are currently under preclinical or clinical investigation for CBCLs (rituximab) and CTCLs (brentuximab, mogamulizumab, and alemtuzumab). Further studies to define clinical safety profile in the patient cohort with cutaneous lymphomas are needed.

Adverse cutaneous drug eruptions: current understanding.

Adverse cutaneous drug reactions are recognized as being major health problems worldwide causing considerable costs for health care systems. Most adverse cutaneous drug reactions follow a benign course; however, up to 2% of all adverse cutaneous drug eruptions are severe and life-threatening. These include acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Physicians should be aware of specific red flags to rapidly identify these severe cutaneous drug eruptions and initiate appropriate treatment. Besides significant progress in clinical classification and treatment, recent studies have greatly enhanced our understanding in the pathophysiology of adverse cutaneous drug reactions. Genetic susceptibilities to certain drugs have been identified in SJS/TEN patients, viral reactivation in DRESS has been elucidated, and the discovery of tissue resident memory T cells helps to better understand the recurrent site-specific inflammation in patients with fixed drug eruption.

The Latvian version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ).

We report herein the results of the cross-cultural adaptation and validation into the Latvian language of the parent's version of two health related quality of life instruments. The Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) is a disease specific health instrument that measures functional ability in daily living activities in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ) is a generic health instrument designed to capture the physical and psychosocial well-being of children independently from the underlying disease. The Latvian CHAQ CHQ were fully validated with 1 forward and 1 backward translations. A total of 141 subjects were enrolled: 80 patients with JIA (16% systemic onset, 32.5% polyarticular onset, 19% extended oligoarticular subtype, and 32.5% persistent oligoarticular subtype) and 61 healthy children. The CHAQ clinically discriminated between healthy subjects and JIA patients, with the systemic, polyarticular and extended oligoarticular subtypes having a higher degree of disability, pain, and a lower overall well-being when compared to their healthy peers. Also the CHQ clinically discriminated between healthy subjects and JIA patients, with the systemic onset, polyarticular onset and extended oligoarticular subtypes having a lower physical and psychosocial well-being when compared to their healthy peers. In conclusion the Latvian version of the CHAQ-CHQ is a reliable, and valid tool for the functional, physical and psychosocial assessment of children with JIA.

Incidental finding of lamellar calcification of the falx cerebri leading to the diagnosis of gorlin-goltz syndrome.

Here, we report the case of an incidental finding of lamellar calcification of the falx cerebri in a routine computed tomography scan of the head after an accidental trauma. This lamellar calcification led to the diagnosis of Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (GGS) in the patient and her daughter. Lamellar calcification of the falx cerebri is a pathognomonic feature of GGS. Our case report highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary diagnostic approach to GGS.