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1.
Inflamm Bowel Dis ; 22(10): 2369-81, 2016 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27598740

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Aside from cases of backwash ileitis, the ileal mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), an idiotypic inflammatory bowel disease, has received little attention despite the fact that colitis is known to trigger alterations in morphology and/or functions of the small intestine remotely. METHODS: The ileal mucosa was studied in patients with UC and in a spontaneous model of colitis (Il10/Nox1 mice) mimicking the histological and clinical features of UC and was also studied in acute and chronic murine models of chemically induced colitis. Proliferation and apoptosis were assessed using morphological and immunohistological methods and Western blot analysis. Peyer's patch immune cell subsets were analyzed. Cytokines levels were quantified using quantitative PCR and Luminex xMAP technology. Total RNA from isolated ileal crypts was used for whole genome transcriptome analysis. RESULTS: The most striking features were an increased ileal crypt length associated with an enhanced cell proliferation of the transit-amplifying cells along with activation of the Wnt/ß-catenin and MAPkinase pathways. These changes did not result from intestinal inflammation as assessed by histology and/or pro-inflammatory cytokine expression levels. The increased proliferation rate was dependent on the duration but not on the severity of colitis and was observed in different mouse models of colitis, including the Il10/Nox1 model and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-treated mice. Interestingly, the ileal mucosa of patients with UC also displayed longer crypts and enhanced cell proliferation compared with control patients. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that despite the absence of inflammation in the small intestine, alterations in the ileal mucosa homeostasis are present in UC.


Asunto(s)
Proliferación Celular/fisiología , Colitis Ulcerosa/fisiopatología , Íleon/fisiopatología , Mucosa Intestinal/fisiopatología , Animales , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Colitis Ulcerosa/etiología , Colitis Ulcerosa/patología , Humanos , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/fisiología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ácido Trinitrobencenosulfónico , Vía de Señalización Wnt/fisiología , beta Catenina/fisiología
2.
PLoS One ; 9(7): e101669, 2014.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25014110

RESUMEN

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting the rectum which progressively extents. Its etiology remains unknown and the number of treatments available is limited. Studies of UC patients have identified an unbalanced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the non-inflamed colonic mucosa. Animal models with impaired ER stress are sensitive to intestinal inflammation, suggesting that an unbalanced ER stress could cause inflammation. However, there are no ER stress-regulating strategies proposed in the management of UC partly because of the lack of relevant preclinical model mimicking the disease. Here we generated the IL10/Nox1dKO mouse model which combines immune dysfunction (IL-10 deficiency) and abnormal epithelium (NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) deficiency) and spontaneously develops a UC-like phenotype with similar complications (colorectal cancer) than UC. Our data identified an unanticipated combined role of IL10 and Nox1 in the fine-tuning of ER stress responses in goblet cells. As in humans, the ER stress was unbalanced in mice with decreased eIF2α phosphorylation preceding inflammation. In IL10/Nox1dKO mice, salubrinal preserved eIF2α phosphorylation through inhibition of the regulatory subunit of the protein phosphatase 1 PP1R15A/GADD34 and prevented colitis. Thus, this new experimental model highlighted the central role of epithelial ER stress abnormalities in the development of colitis and defined the defective eIF2α pathway as a key pathophysiological target for UC. Therefore, specific regulators able to restore the defective eIF2α pathway could lead to the molecular remission needed to treat UC.


Asunto(s)
Colitis Ulcerosa/etiología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Estrés del Retículo Endoplásmico , Inflamación/etiología , Interleucina-10/fisiología , NADH NADPH Oxidorreductasas/fisiología , Animales , Western Blotting , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Proliferación Celular , Células Cultivadas , Colitis Ulcerosa/metabolismo , Colitis Ulcerosa/patología , Colon/inmunología , Colon/metabolismo , Colon/patología , Retículo Endoplásmico/metabolismo , Retículo Endoplásmico/patología , Femenino , Citometría de Flujo , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Inflamación/metabolismo , Inflamación/patología , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , NADPH Oxidasa 1 , Fosforilación , Proteína Fosfatasa 1/genética , Proteína Fosfatasa 1/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/genética , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Respuesta de Proteína Desplegada
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