Propagation of annular cos-Gaussian beams through turbulence.

The propagation characteristics of annular cos-Gaussian beams and Bessel-Gaussian beams in turbulence have been widely investigated. However, the expression of the average intensity of Bessel-Gaussian beams involves a complex double integral, which requires large computational resources and does not easily ensure accuracy. Under this background, through the general cos-Gaussian beam rotation, a new annular cos-Gaussian beam is proposed which not only has some properties of the general cos-Gaussian beam, but also properties similar to those of the Bessel-Gaussian beam. Moreover, the annular cos-Gaussian beam is simpler in form than the general one and much more time-saving in calculation than the Bessel-Gaussian beams. Based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle, the average intensity on a receiver plane of the annular cos-Gaussian beams can be simplified to a summation of several polynomials and it is in good agreement with that of low-order Bessel Gaussian beams. The average radius and the power in the bucket are also derived. In summary, the annular cos-Gaussian beam has promising applications for its quick calculation and simple form among annular beams and hollow beams.

Association and interaction between triglyceride-glucose index and obesity on risk of hypertension in middle-aged and elderly adults.

AIMS: To investigate the association between triglyceride-glucose(TyG) index and the risk of hypertension. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bengbu, China. The participants received relevant questionnaire survey, anthropometric tests, and laboratory examination. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the possible association between TyG index and hypertension risk. The additive interaction evaluated by the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP), and synergy index(SI) was calculated. RESULTS: A total of 1777 participants (748 men and 1029 women) were investigated. There was a significant increase in the risk of hypertension and isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) when comparing the highest TyG index (the fourth quartile) to the lowest TyG index (the first quartile) and corresponding ORs were 2.446 (95% CI: 1.746-3.426) and 2.621(95%CI: 1.627-4.224), respectively. However, no significant relationship was observed between TyG index and isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH). In males, significant interactions between TyG index and WHtR (RERI:1.978, 95%CI: 0.162-3.792; AP: 0.359, 0.113-0.605; SI:1.782, 1.017-3.122), smoking (AP: 0.437, 95%CI: 0.048-0.825), family history of hypertension (AP:0.433, 95%CI: 0.203-0.662; SI:2.248, 95%CI: 1.333-3.791) were observed. As for females, there were also significant interactions between TyG index and WHtR (RERI:1.415, 95%CI: 0.693-2.136; AP: 0.198, 95%CI: 0.104-0.291; SI:1.298, 95%CI:1.101-1.530), family history of hypertension (RERI:1.744, 95%CI: 0.221-3.267; AP:0.405, 95%CI: 0.113-0.697) on risk of hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: Increased TyG index was significantly associated with higher risk of hypertension and ISH, but not for IDH in middle-aged and elderly adults. Our results also demonstrated interactions of TyG index and abdominal obesity and family history of hypertension on hypertension risk.

Genetic variants in the TORC2 gene promoter and their association with body measurement and carcass quality traits in Qinchuan cattle.

The TORC2 gene is responsible for nutrient metabolism, gluconeogenesis, myogenesis and adipogenesis through the PI3K-Akt, AMPK, glucagon and insulin resistance signaling pathways. Sequencing of PCR amplicons explored three novel SNPs at loci g.16534694G>A, g.16535011C>T, and g.16535044A>T in the promoter region of the TORC2 gene in the Qinchuan breed of cattle. Allelic and genotypic frequencies of these SNPs deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) (P < 0.05). SNP1 genotype GG, SNP2 genotype CT and SNP3 genotype AT showed significantly (P <0.05) larger body measurement and improved carcass quality traits. Haplotype H1 (GCA) showed significantly (p<0.01) higher transcriptional activity (51.44%) followed by H4 (ATT) (34.13%) in bovine preadipocytes. The diplotypes HI-H3 (GG-CC-AT), H1-H2 (GG-CT-AT) and H3-H4 (GA-CT-TT) showed significant (P<0.01) associations with body measurement and improved carcass quality traits. Analysis of the relative mRNA expression level of the TORC2 gene in different tissues within two different age groups revealed a significant increase (P<0.01) in liver, small intestine, muscle and fat tissues with growth from calf stage to adult stage. We can conclude that variants mapped within TORC2 can be used in marker-assisted selection for carcass quality and body measurement traits in breed improvement programs of Qinchuan cattle.

Osmopriming-regulated changes of plasma membrane composition and function were inhibited by phenylarsine oxide in soybean seeds.

The aim of the present work was to investigate the effects of osmoconditioning on chilling injury in chilling-sensitive soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. Zhonghuang No. 22) seeds during imbibition. Low temperatures reduced the germination rate and no seed germinated at 1 degrees C. Osmoconditioning of seeds at 20 degrees C with a polyethylene glycol-8000 (PEG8000) solution at 1.5 MPa for 72 h followed by drying back to their initial moisture content (MC) reduced their chilling sensitivity. The phenylarsine oxide (PAO), an inhibitor of protein tyrosinephosphatases, was used to investigate the possible involvement of phosphorylation-dephosphorylation of Tyr residues in the plasma membrane composition and function when seeds were osmoconditioned. The results showed the germination of osmoconditioned seeds decreased significantly when PAO was added in PEG solution after chilling treatment. PAO inhibited changes in composition of plasma membrane phospholipids and fatty acid induced by osmocondition, indicated that tyrosine protein phosphorylation is involved in the regulatory mechanisms of osmocondition-responsive chilling in soybean seeds. Western blot result further indicated that osmocondition treatment improved the activity of plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase after chilling treatment, but this effect was abolished by PAO. The possible regulation mechanism by Tyr protein phosphorylation is discussed.

UC-VEGF-SMC Three Dimensional (3D) Nano Scaffolds Exhibits Good Repair Function in Bladder Damage.

We constructed a UC-VEGF-SMC three dimensional (3D) scaffold to explore its effect on blood vessel regeneration and bladder repair function in a rabbit model with bladder injury. Rabbit adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were cultured to construct pluripotent stem cell systems that can be induced to differentiate into urothelial cells (UCs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence, MTT assay and HE staining were used in our study. Rabbit models were divided into an experimental group, control group and sham group. The bladder histology, urodynamics, smooth muscle function, stent degradation rate, urothelial permeability and biomechanical determination of rabbits were detected after grafting the scaffold. Correct stem cells based on the ADSC surface marker and found that CD90 and CD105 were positive and that CD34 and CD45 were negative. RT-PCR showed that ADSC-iPS cells expressed the marker gene of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which indicated that Sox2, Klf4, Oct4 and c-Myc were inserted into the iPS nucleus and that the ADSC-iPS system was constructed successfully. Immunofluorescence and MTT assays indicated that iPS differentiated into mature SMCs and UCs. ELISA and HEMC culturing methods revealed that vascular endothelia growth factor (VEGF) could promote the growth of HMECs. Rabbit bladder repair function (urodynamics, smooth muscle function, urothelial permeability and biomechanical determination) was stronger in the experimental group than in the control group. UC-VEGF-SMC 3D nano scaffold exhibits good repair function for bladder damage, which may helpful for treatment of damaged bladders.