Customer satisfaction analysis of the healthy elderly to investigate the association among happiness, health status, and well-being using the Happiness & Health Feeling Scale.

[Purpose] In this study, we aimed to analyze customer satisfaction as a tool to investigate the association among happiness, health status, and well-being using the Happiness & Health Feeling Scale. [Participants and Methods] We included 17 elderly participants and measured the happiness and health statuses using the Happiness & Health Feeling Scale. We analyzed customer satisfaction by correlating subjective well-being with the questionnaire scores. [Results] The results showed a negative correlation between subjective well-being and the score on each questionnaire (correlation coefficient= -0.476). The elderly participants showed lower scores associated with self-esteem, including external appreciation and self-love, whereas high scores associated with eating and pleasure. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.814. [Conclusion] This study showed an inverse correlation between Happiness & Health Feeling Scale score and well-being, presumably because of low scores associated with self-esteem, which should be prioritized for improvement. The additional use of customer satisfaction analysis using the Happiness & Health Feeling Scale could be helpful to elucidate the subjective association between happiness and health-related factors.

Emergence Model of social and human capital and its application to the Healthy Municipalities project in Northeast Brazil.

We developed the Emergence Model and introduced the concept of social and human capital into designing and evaluating the Healthy Cities/Municipalities project to ensure health promotion infrastructure. This model hypothesizes that through the interaction and utilization of the other forms of capital, namely financial, physical and natural, the emergence of collective action takes place in the community or municipal setting. Subsequently, collective action may influence health and quality of life determinants. Once health and quality of life improvements are achieved, the enhancement of the social, human and other capital may be brought about through positive feedback, and successive collective action is thereby facilitated. According to the model, practitioners and policy makers of the Healthy Cities/Municipalities project should primarily strengthen social and human capital. The model is currently applied to designing the Healthy Municipalities project implemented in rural areas of Northeast Brazil, where infrastructure and a supportive environment to facilitate collective action for control over health and health determinant have been considerably frail due to geographical, historical, social and cultural reasons. Various interventions have been conducted in the scope of the project to enhance social and human capital on three levels, namely the state, municipality and community. Through the capacity development of health promoters, obliging volunteers and so on, the project attempts to create the social mechanism that enables people to build healthy public policies through inter- and trans-sectoral collaboration as well as to address and resolve day-to-day issues using their potentialities.